Hellas - wannan shi ne zamanin tsohuwar Girka. Tarihi da al'adu da heroes of Girka

Hellas - Girka ne da tsoho sunan. Wannan jiha ya yi tasiri a kan kara ci gaba da na Turai. A nan da farko akwai irin wannan abu a matsayin "dimokuradiyya", a can aka aza harsashin ginin duniya al'adu, shi ya kafa babban fasali na msar tambayar falsafa, halitta da mafi kyau ayyukan art. Hellas - wannan abu ne mai ban kasa da kuma ta tarihi cike yake da fake da asirai. A wannan ɗaba'ar za ka sami mafi ban sha'awa facts daga baya na Girka.

Tarihi na kasar Girka

A cikin tarihi na zamanin d Girka yanke shawarar ware biyar lokaci: Mycenaean, da Dark Ages, da tsaoho, Classical da Hellenistic. Bari mu bincika kowane daga cikinsu a cikin daki-daki.

Crete-Mycenaean lokacin da ake dangantawa da jiha ta farko da tsarin a kan tsibiran Aegean Sea. Jerin baƙaƙe, shi rufe da shekaru 3000-1000. BC. e. A wannan mataki akwai Minoan da Mycenaean wayewa.

A lokacin da Dark Ages kira "Homeric". Wannan karshe mataki ne halin da karkatar Minoan da Mycenaean wayewar, kazalika da samuwar na farko predpolisnyh Tsarin. Game da wannan lokaci da kafofin wuya ambaci. Bugu da kari, a lokacin da Dark Ages ne halin da karkatar da al'adu, da tattalin arziki da kuma asarar da rubuce-rubuce.

Tsaoho lokaci - lokacin samuwar babban manufofin da fadada daga cikin Helenawa duniya. A Sabunta a. BC. e. Great Greek mulkin mallaka ta fara. A wannan lokacin, Helenawa zaunar a kan gaba daga cikin Rum da kuma Black Tekuna. A lokacin tsaoho kara farkon siffofin Helenawa art.

Gargajiya lokaci - wannan ne heyday na Greek birni-jihohi, su tattalin arziki da kuma al'adu. A V-IV cc. BC. e. akwai manufar "dimokuradiyya". A gargajiya lokaci akwai mafi muhimmanci soja aukuwa a tarihin kasar Girka - Girka-Persian kuma Peloponnesian yaƙe-yaƙe.

A Hellenistic lokacin da aka halin kusa hulda da Girkanci da kuma Gabas ta al'adu. A wannan lokaci, akwai flowering art a kasar Aleksandra Makedonskogo. A Hellenistic tsawon Greek tarihi dade har kafa na Roman mamayar a cikin Rum.

Cikin shahararrun birane na kasar Girka

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin kasar Girka a tsufa bai ɓullo da wani hadade jihar. Hellas - a kasar da cewa kunshi yawa manufofin. A tsufa, manufofin kira birnin, birnin jihar. Ƙasarsu hada tsakiyar birnin da kuma ƙungiyar mawaƙa (m mazauna). Siyasa management siyasa da ke a cikin hannun majalisar dokokin da Council. All birni-jihohin sun daban-daban da kuma cikin sharuddan yawan da girman da ƙasa.

Mafi shahara manufofin zamanin tsohuwar Girka - shi ne Athens da kuma Sparta (Sparta).

• Athens - Girka ne shimfiɗar jariri, da dimokuradiyya. Wannan siyasa rayu shahararrun maganan falsafa da kuma orators, da heroes of Girka, kazalika da shahara artists.
• Sparta - mai daukan hankali misali na aristocratic jihar. Babban zama na yawan manufofin da aka mai yaki. Wannan shi ne inda horo aza harsashin ginin da kuma soja dabara, wanda aka yi amfani Aleksandrom Makedonskim.

Culture of Ancient Girka

Unifying rawa ga al'adun jihar taka leda da camfin da Legends na zamanin d Girka. Kowane fanni na rayuwa da Helenawa ya batun da janar ra'ayi na Allahntaka. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa tushe na zamanin d Girkanci addini da aka generated a cikin Mycenaean lokaci. A layi daya da mythology da kuma addinance akwai - sadaka da bukukuwanku na addini, tare da azabar.

Daga mythology shi ne ma da nasaba da zamanin d Girkanci wallafe-wallafen hadisin, wasan kwaikwayo da kuma music.

A Hellas rayayye raya birane shiryawa da kuma halitta kyau gine-gine was.

A mafi yawan sanannun mutane da kuma heroes of Girka

• Hippocrates - mahaifin Yammacin magani. Shi ne wanda ya kafa likita makaranta, wanda ya da wani banbanci a kan tsoho magani.
• Phidias - daya daga cikin shahararrun sculptors na gargajiya zamanin. Shi ne marubucin daya daga cikin bakwai abubuwan al'ajabi na duniya - da mutum-mutumi na wasannin Zeus.
• Democritus - mahaifin kimiyyar zamani, sanannen Greek Falsafa. Ya aka dauke kafa na atomic ka'idar - ka'idar cewa abin duniya an hada da kwayoyin halitta.
• Herodotus - mahaifin tarihi. Ya yi karatu da asalin da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na Greco-Persian yaƙe-yaƙe. A sakamakon wannan binciken shi ne shahararren aikin "Tarihi".
• Archimedes - Greek lissafi, likita da falakin.
• Pericles - an yi fice dattaku. Ya sanya wani gagarumin taimako ga ci gaban da Athenian polis.
• Plato - wani bafalsafe da orator. Shi ne ya kafa na farko ilimi ma'aikata a Yammacin Turai - Plato ta Academy a Athens.
• Aristotle - daya daga cikin ubanninmu na Yammacin falsafa. Rubuce-rubucen rufe kusan dukkan al'amurran al'umma.

The darajar Greek wayewa da ci gaba na duniya da al'adun

Hellas - a kasar da cewa ya na da wata babbar tasiri a kan ci gaban duniya al'ada. Ga aka haife Concepts kamar "falsafa" da "mulkin demokra] iyya", aza harsashin ginin duniya kimiyya. Misali na duniya na Girkawa, magani,} ungiyoyin jama'a da kuma na mutane da shafi makomar da yawa Yammacin kasashen Turai. Kowane fanni na art da alaka da wannan babban jihar, ko na zama gidan wasan kwaikwayo, sassaka ko wallafe-wallafe.