Herbivorous kifi: da sunan, musamman namo da kuma wadata. kifi farm

Girman kifaye mai mahimmanci ko tafkin tafkin shi ne babban tushen kifaye a kan lissafin kasuwancin kasar. Kasuwancin fasahar kifi kiwo suna bunkasawa da canzawa dangane da sauye-sauyen tarihi, tattalin arziki da tattalin arziki a Rasha.

Tsarin magunguna a cikin tafkuna na irin kifi da sauran kifayenta na gargajiya suna daukan shekaru biyu zuwa uku. Gina na abinci na kifi a cikin tafkuna ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar noma na polyculture da tafkuna. Kuna yin amfani da abinci na artificial tare da takin mai magani na ma'adanai ya ba da izinin samun karuwa a shekara ta kowane tafkin (girma da kuma ciyarwa).

Dabbobi na kifaye masu kifi

Wanne kifaye ne masu shebivorous? Jerin kifaye masu kifi a Rasha sun hada da:

• Girman kifi na azurfa da kuma mottled.
• Carp.
• White Cupid.

Wadannan kifaye, godiya ga dabi'un halayensu, sauƙin ɗauka a ƙasashe da yawa, yayin da suke riƙe da alamun dandano.

White Cupid

Wannan kifaye na kasuwanci shi ne na iyalin mota kuma yana da girma da sauri. Mun san lokuta na karbar nauyin nauyi ta cin kofin fararen hula har zuwa 50 kg. Ga cin kofin Cupid, kowane tsire-tsire na jikin ruwa, ciyawa mai noma, da kuma abincin da ake amfani da shi-ya dace. Abincin abinci na farin farin ya ƙayyadad da shekarunta.

Age na kifi	Menu
1-14 ranar rai	Zooplankton
15-30 ranar rai	Ƙananan algae
Watan da ƙari	Duckweed da sauran ciyayi na kandami

Adadin abincin gurasar da aka cinye ta sau da yawa ya wuce jikinsa.

Ana kira Cupids a matsayin mai tsabta na kandami. Dauke su, algae suna wucewa ta hanyoyi na kifaye kuma su sake samun kansu a cikin kandami, samar da yanayi mai kyau don rayuwa da kuma kiwo zuwa sauran kifi. Yawan kifin kifi ya dogara ne akan yadda yawan kandami ya karu da algae kuma yana daga kashi ɗari zuwa ɗari biyar na raunin fari na hectare.

Don ƙara yawan aiki ana bada shawara don gabatarwa cikin abinci na kifi da ciyar daga ciyawa. Dace da alfalfa ko sainfoin. Tare da ƙananan ciyayi a cikin kandami, ƙwallon farin zai iya ciyar da dan lokaci. Amma kada ku cutar da shi. Wannan zai haifar da ci gaban cututtuka masu tsanani na jama'a.

Ƙaunar da za a haifa a cikin kullun farin yana dogara ne da yankin zama. Don haka, a yankunan kudancin kasar, farin ciki ya kai shekaru biyar, kuma a yankunan arewacin - a takwas.

Tare da taimakon replanting da farin cupid a cikin yawan mutane har zuwa 600 guda a kowace hectare, yana yiwuwa a tsaftace tsabtattun tafkuna. Domin ƙananan tafkuna, yawan adadin ruwan ya kamata a kara zuwa dubu dubu a kowace hectare. Gabatar da yarinya marar launi na taimakawa a lokacin lokutan zamani don tsabtace tafki marasa amfani da ruwa mai yalwa da kuma shirya su don girma irin kifi.

Amma wannan farin Cupid ya nuna kansa a matsayin mai ameliorator na yankin ruwa, yana buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi na musamman. Saboda haka, zurfin kandami ya kamata ba kasa da rabin mita ba. Wannan yanayin ya zama wajibi ne don kifi don cin nasarar hunturu. Kuma tabbatar da tsaftace ruwa a cikin watanni na rani zuwa 18 ° C.

Kayan fasaha na girma girma kayan kifi a cikin tafkuna masu mahimmanci ya dogara akan polyculture. Mafi kyau yana zaune tare da farin Cupid irin wadannan wakilan duniya kifaye, a matsayin mota na azurfa (farin da motley), da kifi, pike da pike perch. Me yasa adadin kifaye masu kifi suna iya karuwa sosai? Kasancewa a cikin pike pike, tabbatar da cin shi matasa amur. Saboda haka, domin nasara tsaftacewa da tafki daga algae podsazhivayut yearlings irin kifi, fiye da ɗari biyu gram nauyi.

Wannan fasaha ya samu nasarar amfani da shi har tsawon lokaci ta hanyar Saratov kifi na kifi na kifi. Bayan da aka sake gina 'yan shekaru biyu da shekaru uku na farin kullun, kamfanin ya yi watsi da algae da ƙuda a kan yanki fiye da dubu hectares, wanda, daga bisani, ya haifar da ingantaccen kayan aiki da aikin kudi.

Carp

Carp - sunan farko da ya zo a hankali lokacin da ya amsa tambayoyin, wanda daga cikin nauyin kiɗa ne herbivorous. A gaskiya ma, irin kifi ne da ake amfani da shi. Halin halayyar tsarin kwayar halitta shine rashin ciki. Sabili da haka carp yayi dukan rayuwarsa don neman abinci. Abin farin ciki, a abinci yana da kyawawan abubuwa - tare da mota mai yalwaci daidai yana ɗaukar algae da sauran tsire-tsire masu ruwa, kwari larvae, midges da kananan plankton.

Carp - mai kifi mai rai, yana iya zama kusan rabin karni. Tabbas, don shiga gonar karamai don wannan lokaci mai tsawo ba sa hankalta.

Carp ne mafi mashahuri a cikin gonar kifi. Rahoton noma na harbe-harbe har zuwa kashi 70 cikin dari na kifi masu cin nama.

Karuwar yawancin kifayen da ke kiwo ne ba wai kawai ta hanyar bambancin irin abincin mota ba, har ma ta hanyar kulawa da kiyayewa. Wannan kifi sau da yawa yana fama da wahala da wahala - zafi mai sanyi da rashin isashshen oxygen.

Akwai manyan biyan kuɗi guda uku na mota:

1. Mirror.
2. Scaly.
3. Naked.

Wadannan takunkumin suna fitowa cikin ƙwayoyin da yawa. Akwai nau'o'in mota masu kayan ado (alal misali, ɗakin waka na Koi), wanda aka bred don kyakkyawan manufa.

Habitat

Yawancin kifi a cikin koguna masu zaman kansu. Carp Malek yana da kwarewa a matsayin manya. A cikin kandami da ruwa mai gudana ko raƙuman ruwa, an saukar da zanen, ƙididdigar da aka shimfiɗa net. Kuma a cikinsu suna rayuwa kuma yana kara yawan kifaye.

Mafi kyau na kandami don kulawa da mota yana daya da rabi zuwa mita biyu. Ƙananan zurfin yana taimakawa wajen shayar da ruwa. Ana bada shawara don shigar da jigilar jigilar oxygen don satura tafki tare da oxygen da baya ga haske don lokacin duhu. Hasken rana zai jawo hankalin kwari fiye da yadda ake amfani da su.

Tare da menu mai dacewa da kulawa da kula da ɗiyan kifi, yin la'akari da nau'in nau'i nau'i 30 a kowace kakar yana ƙara nauyin sau uku. Kuma daga Oktoba, nauyinsa ya kai kilogram.

Azurfaccen fata na azurfa

Mafi mahimmanci, farin kifi na yafi dacewa da zama a cikin yankuna kudancin. A cikin wannan rana wannan kifi yana cin adadin abinci daidai da rabi. Godiya ga irin wannan nau'i mai ma'ana, nauyin kaya mai launin farin dutse zai iya kai kilo 20.

Cikakken lafiya tare da sauran kifaye masu cinye, kamar yadda abinci ba ya gasa da menu.

An gabatar da kafar fata na azurfa a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa:

Age na kifi	Ration
Daga haihuwa zuwa 9 days	Nauplii, kananan plankton
Daga kwana 9 zuwa wata	Phytoplankton
Adullar samfurin	Rotifers, kananan crustaceans, detritus

Ayyuka masu tsabta na masu farin fata sune baza su iya bawa don tafkuna masu ruwa. Matukar jima'i a cikin farar fata suna dogara ne akan yanayin damina: a yankunan kudancin suna shirye don haifuwa a shekara biyar, kuma a arewacin 8.

Mahimman kayan aikin azurfa ne

Ya bambanta da takwaransa na fari tare da jikin jiki mai tsummoki da babban kai da kuma kayan sarrafawa mai kyau.

Kamar farar fata, motsaccen motsi a rana yana cin rabin nauyin nasu. Ga makonni biyu na farko, saurayin yana ciyar da wani karamin plankton, ƙarshe ya wuce zuwa algae mafi girma. Adult variegated irin kifi tsuntsaye fi son blue-kore phytoplankton.

Wannan nau'i na mai shinge yayi girma fiye da dukkanin, nauyin kifi babba zai iya kai har zuwa kilo 40. Duk da haka, idan yawan jama'a ke ƙaruwa, ƙwayoyin carnivores da yawa suna gasa tare da ƙafa. Tsarin jima'i daga cikin kifayen ba ya dogara ne akan mazaunin kuma ya faɗi a matsakaicin shekaru biyar.

Kifi polyculture

A halin yanzu, yawancin gonakin kifi sun canza zuwa fasaha mai mahimmanci, wanda ake kira kifin kifi. Halin halayen irin wannan kifin kifi shi ne amfani da kifaye da yawa. Ƙididdigar yawan ƙwayar kayan lambu na nau'o'in nau'o'in kifi a cikin wannan yanayin ya dogara da:

• Ƙimar yawan kifaye.
• Amen ma'anar tafki.
• Abinci na ciyarwa.
• Age na kifi.
• Girman kifaye.

Yanayi masu kyau na kyawawan kifaye iri iri, da kuma ƙananan kifayen kifi, shine saurin tafkin tafkin. Wannan yana ba ka damar tada yawan zafin jiki na kandami ruwan zuwa mafi kyawun dabi'u - fiye da 20 ° Celsius - domin ciyar da kifaye. Baiwa tsarin zazzabi na yanayi na watanni uku na rani - lokaci mafi dacewa don haifuwa da kifaye.

Wuri don girma matasa soya

Ƙarancin kafe da kuma fry na wasu kifi masu cinta suna "yara" a cikin tsarin samar da ruwa mai rufi (UZV) don bunkasa kifi - ƙirar da ke inganta ci gaban ƙananan yara (VNIIPRKh). Yawan yawan adadin fry a cikin USV don girma kifi yana dacewa da nauyin nauyin su, kuma a matsakaita akwai kusan ɗari biyu da dubu hamsin larvae ta kowace mita mai siffar sukari. Sa'an nan kuma yaran yaran suna motsa su cikin kwantena na musamman - wuraren koguna ko kwano.

Hanyoyi na irin kifi da kuma kifin herbivorous

Abin da zai ciyar da kifin? Wannan shi ne babban tambaya na mai kulawa mai kulawa da yake sha'awar ci gaban kananan yara. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci don ba da lokaci don nazarin fasali na musamman na ciyar da nau'in nau'o'in kifaye masu cin nama, da abincin su, da kuma lokacin da za a canza fry din zuwa abinci na musamman.

Abincin farawa na larvae da fry na kifi herbivorous shi ne abincin gurasar RK0SZM ko analogue - EQUISO. Abin da ke tattare da irin wannan abinci ya hada da:

• Products na microbiosynthesis, waɗanda suke da babban haɓakar gina jiki.
• Kifi abinci low kitse.
• Lean mai.
• Cakuda na multivitamins.
• Gida daga alkama.
• Sodium caseinate.

Bayan nauyin matasa ya kai 100mg, an canja su zuwa ciyar tare da abinci mai gaurayar STRAS - 1. Yawan abun ciki na STRAS -1:

• Sunadaran - 55%.
• Fats - 7%.
• Carbohydrates - 16%.
• Ruwa yana da kashi 10%.

Don mafi kyau digestibility, game da kashi 50 cikin mahallin sunadarai wadanda suke samar da abinci suna lalata. Ana yin amfani da abinci don fry na kifi mai cinyewa bayan an canza shi zuwa ciyarwar waje. Tsarin lokaci na ciyarwa a cikin incubators daga minti 20 zuwa rabi. An rarraba kashi ɗaya a ko'ina a cikin fannin tara. Ciyar da larvae ne kawai a rana.

RK-SMZ, EQUISO da STRAS-1 an haɗa su domin ciyar da fry idan ba abinci. Don daidaitawa da fry a wurin zama na halitta, wajibi ne don ƙara ƙananan siffofin phytoplankton zuwa incubators da kifaye. Kasancewar ko da ƙananan ƙwayoyin rayuwa na phytoplankton a cikin samar da samari na matasa suna tabbatar da ci gaba da girma da fure da kuma cigaba a alamomin su.

Abincin naman alade da ake aunawa har zuwa hamsin hamsin ya ƙunshi kayan aikin AK-1KE na musamman. Ya haɗa da:

• Abincin nama da-kashi.
• Yisti.
• Soya.
• Lean mai.
• Cakuda na multivitamins.
• Dicalcium phosphate.

Lokacin da nauyin mota ya kai hamsin hamsin ko fiye, an canja shi zuwa kayan abincin AK-2KE. Kuma a lokacin da aka tattara taro daga ɗari biyu na grams - abincin gurasa RGM - 2KE. Abin da ke tattare da duk abincin da aka haɗaka don ƙwayoyin kifi sun haɗa da gaurayewar busasshen kayan asali.

Kayan yau da kullum don gwanin kifi, yana kimanin kimanin ashirin, an rarraba a kowane lokaci kuma an ba shi a kowane sa'a a lokacin hasken rana. Lokacin da ka rubuta nauyin kaya daga ashirin ko fiye, adadin feedings a kowace rana an rage zuwa tara zuwa goma.

Nauyin matasan kananan kifi (g)	Degree na ruwan zafi (° C)	ЄС
Har zuwa 3	25	30
3 zuwa 5	15th	20
5 zuwa 10	11th	17th
10 zuwa 20	8th	14th

A lokacin hunturu, idan ana kiyaye ruwa a 6 ° C ko mafi girma, kifi ci gaba da ciyar da shi, rarraba abinci na yau da kullum don abinci guda uku. A lokacin hunturu, ciyarwa ne kawai a cikin rana kuma a adadin da ya dace don tallafawa tafiyar matakai. Saboda haka:

• Idan zafin jiki na ruwa shine 6-8 ° C - yawan abinci a kowace rana shine kashi 0.5% na nauyin kifi.
• Idan 9-10 ° C shine al'ada zuwa 1%.
• Idan 10-12 ° C shine al'ada zuwa 2%.

Zai fi kyau don ciyar da kifi mai ƙyama a cikin hunturu kayan lambu mai dacewa tare da rage abun ciki na gina jiki.

Dasa tsire-tsalle, wanda nauyinsa bai wuce ashirin da digo ba, ana aiwatar da shi da yawa:

• Don yin iyo cikin koguna 650 raka'a ta kowace cubic mita.
• A cikin cages - har zuwa 500 raka'a ta kowace cubic mita.

Ga ƙananan dabbobi na kifaye masu yawa, wannan lambar ba ta wuce mutane 250 a kowace mita mai siffar sukari ba.

Kifi gona: shirin kasuwanci

Kifi kifaye shine ra'ayin kasuwanci ba sabon ba ne, amma muhimmancinsa a yau yana kara kawai. Zaɓin zaɓi na adana kudaden ku ko kandami shi ne kasuwanci mai riba. Amma a mataki na farko na buƙatar zuba jari mai zurfi da kuma ƙungiya mai mahimmanci na tsari.

Da farko, yana da kyau a sami wata ƙasa ta dace don shigar da ruwa tare da cages. Yanayin wajibi don samar da kifaye na ci gaba shine samar da takamaiman mahimmanci da kayan aikin da ake bukata don nau'in kifi.

Harkokin samari na dabbobi zai bukaci kudaden kudi. Ka lura cewa farashin tsutsa ya fi yadda ya dace. Yi la'akari da asarar asara na fry a cikin girma tsari. A matsakaici, wannan adadin yana da kashi 10%. Shuka cikakke girma daga fry zai zama bayan shekaru biyu - biyu da rabi.

Duk wani aikin kasuwanci zai fara tare da shirye-shirye na tsarin kasuwanci. Binciken kasuwa na kifi ya sa ya yiwu a yanke shawarar cewa irin kifi ne mafi kyawun samfurin a kan wuraren kifaye.

An kiyasta kiyasta don tsara wata gonar kifi domin bunkasa hatsi:

• Sayen fatar fry don sake ginawa a cages - kimanin dubu goma rubles;
• Hakkin ma'aikatan gonar yana da talatin talatin;
• Fodder for carp larvae da bitamin cakuda - bakwai zuwa takwas dubu rubles;
• Sauran kudaden (biya ruwa, haske, gas don wanke ruwa) - ashirin da dubu ashirin da dubu biyar (25,000) rubles.

A cikakke, kimanin adadin kuɗin da kuke buƙatar fara fara gonar kifi shine kusan dubu saba'in a cikin kudin kasa. Sabili da haka, gonar kifi tana nufin kasuwancin da ke da nauyin zuba jarurruka na kimanin miliyoyin dubu rubles. Ga yankunan arewacin Rasha, wannan adadin ya karu sau da yawa, kuma kimanin kusan dubu biyar ne.

Amma don samun riba, to, ba tare da cire haraji da kudade ba, sai ya tashi a cikin ɗari da talatin da ɗari da hamsin. Duk da haka, ana samun sa ran ba a baya fiye da shekaru biyu ko biyu da rabi ba. A wannan lokaci, ana amfani da mota a matsayin tsofaffi kuma yawansa yana daya ko biyu kilo.

Carp, kamar babu sauran nau'in, ya dace don shirya kasuwanci don bunkasa kifi. Wannan shi ne saboda rashin lafiyarsa a abinci da kiyayewa. Kuma cike da sauri na fyade na mota zai taimaka wajen biya bashin kuɗi kuma karbi kudin shiga sauri. Duk da haka, bashi daraja la'akari da ingancin yanayin kula da kifi da abincin haɗe. Yanayin mai amfani zai iya haifar da ci gaban kwayoyin halitta a cikin fry da mutuwarsa, da kuma rashin ingancin nama na tsofaffin mota a matsayin sanitary.

Kasuwanci da kaya na kasuwanci na kifi

Idan muka yi la'akari da irin nasarar da ake yi na kama kifi, zamu iya yin amfani da irin wadannan kwarewa a fannin noma:

• Ƙananan ƙauyen farawa ya sa ya fi sauƙi don ƙirƙirar gona.
• Hanyoyin kullun kifi a cikin kulawa da kulawa suna rage farashin mai shiya don biyan ma'aikatan ma'aikata.
• Girma mai girma na kifi na iyalin Cyprinidae (riga a cikin shekara daya, tsutsa mai amfani da karfin yana samun nauyin nauyin mai girma), yana ba da damar dawo da farashi da riba.
• Kullun ba tare da rikitarwa a cikin abincin ba. Bugu da ƙari, ciyar da kansu, waɗannan kifi suna samar da kwarewa mai kyau da girma yayin amfani da duk abincin da aka samar (kamar yadda na musamman, don kifi, tsuntsaye ko shanu).
• Da yiwuwar ci gaba da ciyar da irin kifi tare da samfurori na asali - hatsi ko dankali (abu kawai, don mafi kyau digestibility, kana buƙatar ka daɗa su).

Hakika, a kowace ganga na zuma akwai tashi cikin maganin shafawa. Yin sana'a don bunƙasa kifi mai cinyewa yana da nasa "raunuka":

• Saitunan zamani na tallace-tallace. Gaba ɗaya, saurayi yana samun nauyin ma'auni ta hanyar kaka, da kuma isowar kifaye a kan lambobin kayayyaki, bi da bi, ya jagoranci zuwa farashin farashin.
• A lokacin rani, sufuri da ajiyar kifaye yana da nauyin kima sosai.
• Ci gaban kifaye ma yana dogara ne a kan kakar: a lokacin zafi, carp yana ci gaba da ciyarwa kuma yana girma cikin sauri, a yanayin sanyi waɗannan alamun suna karuwa;
• Ba kowane ɗita ba zai iya saya kayan aiki don kiyaye kaya.
• Kayan kuɗi na kudade ya danganci kula da ma'aunin tsabta, kula da kifaye da kare su (muna da mutane da dama da suke so su je "kifi kyauta").

Don samun karin riba a gonar kifi, dole ne a la'akari da alamun halitta na polyculture. Akwai bambancin jinsin crayfish a wani yanki tare da irin kifi. Ku tafi wasu nau'o'in kifaye masu kifi. Rashin kudancin tekun ba wai kawai ya tsabtace kasa na kandami (kandami, cages) ba, amma su ma kayayyaki ne masu gasa. Bugu da ƙari, ba ku buƙatar ciyar da crayfish. Suna cin abinci na kifaye da ci phytoplankton. A lokacin raye, crayfish zama mai rauni, wasu daga cikinsu mutu, zama abinci ga kifi.

Zai yiwu a samar da ƙwayoyin mota don sayarwa. Don kiyaye irin wannan fry, za a buƙaci ruwa mai tsabta. Duk da haka, wannan ƙarin kudin shiga ba zai yiwu ba tukuna: namiji yaro ya kai ga haihuwa ta shekara ta uku na rayuwa, kuma mace kawai zuwa biyar.

Ƙwarewar Isra'ila

A tsakiyar Sands na Negeb bari a Isra'ila akwai wani kifi gona. Nisa zuwa kandami mafi kusa shine kimanin kilomita uku, yayin da yawancin kifaye ya yi girma a kowace mita mai siffar sukari na kimanin kilo kilogram.

Don ƙirƙirar gonar ruwa na ruwa yana buƙatar zurfin zurfin kimanin mil kilomita, daga inda ruwa yazo, wanda abun da ya shafi sinadaran ya dace da teku ko teku. Wannan ya sa masu mallaka su fara da nasara su haifa karamin kifi.

Hakika, goyon baya na goyon bayan gona na makiyaya yana cikin hannun ma'aikata na dakin gwaje-gwaje na musamman. Suna lura da abin da ke gudana a cikin ruwan, aikin magoya baya, tsaftacewa da kuma kwantar da ruwa da kuma cika shi da oxygen. Bugu da ƙari, rayuwar kifin kuma ya dogara da wutar lantarki marar katsewa.

Halittar irin wannan gonar kifi ba kawai wata nasara ce a ci gaba da yankin hamada ba. Irin wannan kamun kifi na haifar da aikin yi da kuma madadin kama da kifaye a cikin teku.