Samuwar, Sakandare da kuma makarantu
Ilimi, iri-iri, da kuma tsarin aiki na lysosomes
Our labarin da muka so ya kebe ga tambaya ga abin da yake cikin tsarin da kuma aiki na lysosomes. Muna da cikakken look at batun daga kusurwoyi mabambanta, ciki har da yanayin da samuwar wadannan halittu daban, su jinsunan, fasali na tsari da kuma wasu al'amurran da suka shafi.
Kafin la'akari da abin da ya ƙunshi tsarin da kuma aiki na lysosomes, ina so in bayyana wasu cikakkun bayanai. All rayayyun kwayoyin halitta cewa kewaye da mu, an hada da ginannun gaɓũɓuwa, Kwayoyin. Su za a iya gani kawai tare da hange. Amma da cell - shi ne mai cikakken tsarin kunshi karami sassa, wanda ake kira da wasu gabbansa. Yau za mu yi magana game da daya daga cikin su.
Lysosome: abin da yake da shi?
Mene ne tsarin da kuma aiki na lysosomes? Wannan organelle kananan masu girma dabam, sabõda haka suka iya sanya a cikin wani keji wata babbar adadin. A daya hannun, wasu algae Kwayoyin dauke da kawai 1 ko 2 lysosomes wanda girma ne mafi girma fiye da na al'ada (game da 0.2 microns). Saboda haka, duk lysosomes za a iya raba uku kungiyoyin:
- farko.
- sakandare.
- saura Kwayoyin.
Kamar yadda muka yi la'akari da look da sifa da aiki na lysosomes, da kara daga labarin ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa muke bukatar wadannan iri da kuma abin da yake da muhimmanci a gare cell aiki. Shi ne kawai da muhimmanci a bayyana cewa primary lysosomes je sakandare, amma kuma baya da tsari ba zai yiwu.
A tsarin da lysosomes
Mene ne lysosomes, tsarin da kuma aiki? Tebur zai taimake mu mu magance abin da ke cikin wasu gabbansa. Wasu gabbansa dauke da fiye da 50 daban-daban gina jiki enzymes. Lysosome kanta ta rufe bakin ciki membrane da ya raba da bioactive wakili daga ciki cell yanayin. A tebur da muka gabatar ya fi muhimmanci enzymes da kuma bayyana su ayyuka.
enzyme | darajar |
esterase | Da ake bukata a rushe barasa ether. |
peptide hydrolase | Da ake bukata domin hydrolysis da mahadi ciwon peptide bond. Wannan kungiyar hada da sunadarai, peptides da kuma wasu sauran abubuwa. |
nuclease | Wannan rukuni na enzymes accelerates da hydrolysis na phosphodiester shaidu a cikin polynucleotide sarkar nucleic acid. Kamar wancan kafa na daya - da kuma oligonucleotides. |
glucosidase | A enzymes wannan kungiyar samar da wani tsari na tsagawa carbohydrates. |
hydrolase | Suna amfani da hydrolysis na amides. |
Da samuwar lysosomes
Saboda haka mu san abin da lysosomes, da sifa da aiki (a takaice) cewa mun yi la'akari a taƙaice a cikin wannan labarin. Mun riga ce cewa wasu gabbansa kasu kashi uku kungiyoyin (primary, secondary da kuma saura Kwayoyin). Na farko da kungiyar da aka kafa daga membrane na Golgi na'ura, su a wannan mataki an sauƙi gauraye da kananan vacuoles. Lysosomes ne da wasu gabbansa ci kuma samar da wata karin hadaddun tsarin da kuma masu girma dabam.
Idan farko lysosome kama wani abu, sa'an nan da cell farawa aiwatar da narkewa. Organelle abin da yake iya lazimta a kansu da fili da enzymes, riga nasa ne da category na sakandare lysosomes. A sakamakon haka, abubuwa za a iya kafa narkewa compacted saura Kwayoyin (wannan shi ne na uku mataki na rayuwa sake zagayowar na lysosomes).
aiki na da wasu gabbansa
Mun sake nazari da iri lysosomes, tsarin da kuma ayyuka (ga tebur) - yana da mu gaba tambaya. Mun yanke shawarar amfani da mafi bayyanannu, kuma m tsari, watau tebur.
aiki | fasalin |
kwayuka narkewa | Lysosomes dauke da babban yawan enzymes iya lazimta a kansu da wani mahadi da hydrolysis. Kuma kwayuka narkewa faruwa. Abubuwa samu shiga cikin lysosomes da ake sarrafa ta samar da wata low kwayoyin nauyi mahadi, wanda sai ya yi amfani da salula domin ta nasu bukatun. |
autophagy | Wannan tsari zai kashe ba dole ba, ko tsufa kwayoyin halitta. Autophagy - wata hanya zuwa sabunta da kwayoyin halitta. |
autolysis | A wani hanya, cikin tsari za a iya kira kai-halakar Kwayoyin. Lokacin da membrane na lysosomes Kwayoyin suna hallaka, cikin karshen mutu. |
ƙarshe
Mun koya, abin da su ne lysosomes. Features na tsarin da kuma ayyuka (ga tebur) da aka gabatar a cikin labarin. A ƙarshe ina son a ce a take hakkin da data wasu gabbansa iya zama wasu cutar. Alal misali, magungunan da aka sani hereditary cututtuka, da alaka da take hakkin ayyuka zama lysosomes. Wannan rukuni na pathologies hada mucopolysaccharidoses, sfingolipidozy, glikoproteinozy da yawa wasu.
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