Iron daga karfe bambanta gani?

Maloosvedomlonny mutum ya ɗauki cewa babban gini abu na yau ne da baƙin ƙarfe. Masani sani cewa kalmomin nan "ƙarfe" yana nufin baƙin ƙarfe-carbon gami - karfe da kuma jefa baƙin ƙarfe. Zai ze cewa biyu mabanbanta kayan da sosai sauki bambanta. Duk da haka, ba da fadi da kewayon daban da kuma kiwon lafiya line bambance-bambance a cikin sinadaran abun da ke ciki na wasu daga cikinsu akwai wuya a ƙayyade. Yana da muhimmanci a yi ƙarin basira domin sanin amsar wannan tambaya: jefa baƙin ƙarfe zuwa karfe fiye da daban-daban?

jefa baƙin ƙarfe

An gami abun da ke ciki dauke da baƙin ƙarfe, carbon a wani adadin 2,14-6,67, sulfur, phosphorus, manganese, silicon da sauran Additives, kira alade baƙin ƙarfe. A tarihin smelting fara a cikin Iron Age. An muhimmanci tsarin abu, da tushe karafa da kuma dukan steelmaking.

Features:

1. Roughness da ciwon wani Matte m launi.
2. Narkewa a 1000-1600˚S dangane da abun da ke ciki (a kan talakawan ga masana'antu - 1000-1200˚S fari alade baƙin ƙarfe narke, kuma a mafi girma da yanayin zafi).
3. Yawa 7200-7600 kg / m ^3.
4. Specific kadan: 540 J / (Sar).
5. High taurin: 400-650NV.
6. Low ductility, sosai crumble lokacin hõre matsa lamba; da mafi dabi'u ga elongation yana ductile ductile baƙin ƙarfe δ = 6-12%.
7. Low ƙarfi: 100-200 MPa for ductile da darajar kai 300-370 MPa, ga wasu maki na high - 600-800 MPa.
8. Kera da zafi magani, amma da wuya, da kuma da tsananin kulawa, tun da shi ne halayyar da aiwatar da fatattaka.
9. Doped yin amfani da karin sinadaran abubuwa, amma gagarumin mataki na doping kara dagula aiki tafiyar matakai.
10. Yana halin da m weldability, mai kyau machinability, mãdalla da simintin Properties. Ƙirƙirãwa da stamping ba zai iya zama.
11. Good abrasion juriya da kuma lalata juriya.

Iron - littattafai na sassan jiki, raka'a, inji sassa kerarre da simintin. Shi ne mai babbar bangaren na feedstock for karfe smelting.

karfe

Iron-carbon gami hada da carbon a wani adadin ba fiye 2.14%, da na baƙin ƙarfe - ba kasa da 45%, da karfe da aka kira. Its main halaye:

1. Santsi, shi yana da azurfa launi da rarrabe Sheen.
2. Narkewa a cikin 1450˚S.
3. The yawa ne daga 7700 zuwa 7900 kg / m ^3.
4. A zafi damar a dakin da zazzabi na 462 J / (Sar).
5. Low taurin, wani talakawan na 120-250 HB.
6. Excellent plasticity: elongation factor δ for daban-daban brands dabam a cikin 5-35% domin mafi - δ≥20-40%.
7. A nufin dabi'u na tensile ƙarfi domin tsarin kayan - 300-450 MPa. domin high-ƙarfi gami - 600-800 MPa.
8. Good Properties amenable don gyara da zafi da kuma himikotermicheskoy aiki.
9. Rayayye doped tare da daban-daban da sinadaran abubuwa da manufar canza kaddarorin da kuma manufa.
10. Qualitatively high weldability yi, Sannan ina da yankan matsa lamba.
11. Halin da low lalata juriya.

Karfe - wata babbar tsarin gami da zamani a metallurgy, inji aikin injiniya, instrumentation da kuma fasaha.

Mun sanin asalin da cikakken bayani game da irin

Bayan dauke da cikakken halaye na wadannan gami, shi ne hadari don amfani da ilimi na baƙin ƙarfe daga karfe bambanta. Fuskantar wani žarfe, sunã shakka a cikinsa ta asalin, tunanin mutuntaka nan da nan tuna da babban bayãnin hukuncin fasaha Properties. Saboda haka, jefa baƙin ƙarfe - a zaben 'yan wasa abu. Saboda shi samar da wani sauki tasa, m shambura, inji casings, Motors, manyan abubuwa sauki sanyi. Na karfe sassa sanya masu girma dabam da wuya, tun da wannan shafi, bisa ƙirƙira, stamping, zane, mirgina da sauran hanyoyin domin karfe aiki matsa lamba. Saboda haka, idan akwai wata tambaya game da asalin na ƙarfafa iya zama babu shakka - wannan shi ne karfe. Idan kana sha'awar a asalin wani m kasko - yana da baƙin ƙarfe. Idan kana bukatar ka koya daga abin da ya sa motor gidaje ko crankshaft - kamata Resort zuwa wasu zaɓuɓɓuka saboda fitarwa kamar yadda biyu yiwu.

Launi halaye da kuma fragility analysis

Domin san yadda za a bambanta da baƙin ƙarfe daga karfe ga ido, kana bukatar ka tuna game da babban gani bambance-bambance. Ga wani hali baƙin ƙarfe Matte m launi da kuma m waje zane. Karfe halin da musamman domin ta m silvery ya dafa da kuma kadan roughness.

Har ila yau muhimmanci ilmi game da yadda za a bambanta da baƙin ƙarfe daga karfe gani, shi ne bayani game da plasticity na wadannan kayan. Idan gwajin workpiece ko karfe abubuwa ba su da wani tsanani darajar, za ka iya kokarin su fitar da ƙarfi, kuma ductility da ake ji da daukan hankali da karfi. M baƙin ƙarfe marmashe cikin guda, yayin da karfe ya nàkasasshē kawai. A mafi tsanani lodi directed zuwa crushing, lafiya da baƙin ƙarfe kwakwalwan kwamfuta an samu daban-daban siffofi da kuma guda na karfe - manyan, daidai sanyi.

Yanke da ya fadi na sukar

Yadda za a bambanta da baƙin ƙarfe daga karfe a cikin gida? Wajibi ne a samu daga gare shi da ƙura ko shavings. Tun da karfe yana high ductility, da kwakwalwan kwamfuta da shi yana izvivisty hali. Jefa baƙin ƙarfe kuma crumbles lokacin da hakowa cuttings kafa m karaya tare da kura.

Ga kura za ka iya amfani da fayil ko rasp kuma kadan gefen don rushe sha'awar da cikakken bayani. A sakamakon lafiya shavings yi la'akari a hannunka ko wani farin takardar takarda. Jefa baƙin ƙarfe ƙunshi carbon a babban adadin a cikin nau'i na graphite nodules. Saboda haka, a lokacin da shafa masa kura zauna baki graphite "alama". A wannan carbon steels ne a mamaye jihar, don haka inji tasiri a kan kura ba ya bayar da wani bayyane sakamakon.

Don zafi da tartsatsi

Yadda za a bambanta da baƙin ƙarfe daga karfe? Wajibi ne ta yi aiki da zama dole kayan aiki da kuma karamin wadata na haƙuri.

A cikin farko idan, za ka iya koma ga dumama, misali, ta amfani da blowtorch, ado da farko a cikin na musamman m tufafi da kuma lura da aminci dokoki a wurin aiki. Da yawan zafin jiki dole ne za a kara kafin a fara dab karfe. An ce cewa baƙin ƙarfe narkewa zafin jiki fi da cewa da karfe. Duk da haka, wannan yana zartuwa da farko zuwa fari da kuma alade baƙin ƙarfe. A duk masana'antu brands - su dauke da carbon a wani adadin ba fiye da 4.3% da kuma narke riga a 1000-1200˚S. Saboda haka, yana yiwuwa su narke da yawa sauri.

Fahimi hanya domin samun bayanai game da baƙin ƙarfe daga karfe bambanta ne da yin amfani da gwaji samfurin a cikin nika inji, ko a wani m kewayon Sander. Analysis da za'ayi a kan halaye da tartsatsi. Domin Cast baƙin ƙarfe ne halin da maras ban sha'awa ja tartsatsi, kuma domin karfe - mai haske makantar haskoki da gajeren fari-yellow tinge.

kamar yadda sauti

An ban sha'awa alama ne da yadda za a bambanta da baƙin ƙarfe daga karfe sauti. Wadannan biyu gami sauti daban-daban. Ba lallai ba ne, don samar da m masu raka a kan data kasance gwaji wurare. Amma wajibi ne don suna da duka samfurin ko sun samu ji a cikin wannan al'amari. Karfe yana da mafi girma yawa, wanda rinjayar da sauti. Bayan tasiri da shi tare da wani žarfe sauti ne yafi sonorous fiye da a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki tare da baƙin ƙarfe.

Don sani, da baƙin ƙarfe daga karfe bambanta, shi wajibi ne a yi wasu ilimi na wadannan kayan da wasu kwarewa. Bayan duk, wani gogaggen sana'a a filin daga, bisa ƙirƙira, nika, milling, hakowa, juya, zafi magani, ko waldi, metallurgy ko m saukin rarrabe tsakanin su, Gamsuwa kawai gani ko ta touch.