Zaramagskiye HPP: da bukatar gina

Zaramagskiye GES ne ƙarami a Kudu Ossetia cascade tashoshin. An gina a cikin sama kai na dutsen kogin a Ardon Kassarskom gefen kwarin. Mai suna tashoshin kasance haka domin su ne a kusa da kusanci zuwa kauyen Lower Zaramag. Yiwuwa na yi na wannan hadadden an gane da farko domin a wannan lokacin ta Kudu Ossetia ne fuskantar wani m karancin wutar lantarki.

A kadan tarihi

Gina Zaramagskiye HPP ya fara a shekara ta 1976. Duk da haka, shugaban na cascade tashar da aka sa a cikin aiki ne kawai a 2009. biyu abu Zaramagskaya HPP-1, a lokacin da yake a cikin shiri mataki. Tsayar gina tashoshin cascade a kan kogin Ardon, kazalika da yawa wasu irin wannan abubuwa, shi ne a cikin 90s na karshe karni. Babban dalilin shi ne rashin ku] i.

Yiwuwa na yi

A Oganeza na gina wadannan tashoshin ne wani hadin gwiwa-stock kamfanin "Zaramagsky HPP" - na biyu kamfanin "RusHydro". A yanke shawara a kan unfreezing wannan abu da aka sanya kamfanoni shugabanci a farkon 2015 Ku yi ĩmãni da Kudu Ossetia, bayan da erection na karancin wutar lantarki za a iya rage daga 80 zuwa 30% a kasar.

New aikin gagarumin canje-canje da aka yi wa tashar zane. A musamman, da injiniyoyi yanke shawarar rage tsawo daga cikin dam da tafki girma. Da farko, a cikin ruwan tsufana zone da manyan yankunan da ƙasar noma da aka buga. Bugu da kari, wanda zai yi kaura haka mutane da yawa daga cikin kauyuka da kuma ko da 'yan kananan garuruwa. Bayan aiwatar da wannan aikin, bisa ga abin da matsakaicin zurfin tafki ne kawai mita 30, babu ƙauyuka da aka cika da ruwa ba.

yiwuwa nazari

The musamman da suka bambanta da cascade a kauyen Lower Zaramag ta'allaka da farko a gaskiyar cewa a wannan lokaci da kogin Ardon kan 16 km Halicci nuna bambanci kamar yadda 700 mita. Irin wannan yanayi za a iya kira a gaske manufa domin samar da wani hydroelectric hadaddun a kan derivation makirci. Bayan kammala na gina HPP-1 cascade total damar 352 MW. Saboda haka, hadaddun zai zama mafi girma a cikin ta Kudu Ossetia.

Zaramagskiye gina hydroelectric iko tashar a cikin toughest muhalli da yanayi. A aikin da wadannan tashoshin hada da yawa sabon abu da kuma hadadden fasaha mafita. Bayan commissioning na hadaddun, misali, zai zama mafi girma a cikin RF kai. Bugu da kari, an shirya ya sadar da ya fi iko a kasar, guga-type na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa injin turbin (HPP-1). Har ila yau a cikin tashar za a dug mafi tsawo shagala Tunnels, samar da ruwa daga headend ga GES-1.

Company "Zaramagskiye HPP"

Wannan kadan na zama abokin ciniki na yi mataki, aka kafa May 10, 2000. Its shugaban ofishin aka located a: Moscow Building nassi, 7Sai, Bldg .. 5. Har ila yau, da rabuwa da kamfanin akwai, ba shakka, kuma mafi yawansu Arewa Ossetia - Alania. Address "Zaramagsky HPP" na biyu ofishin: Vladikavkaz, ul. Pervomayskaya. 34. Babban aiki na kamfanin ne don aiwatar da fasaha dubawa a lokacin shiri mataki. Shugaba na wannan kamfanin damban ne Vitaly ne Totrov.

Mene ne derivation kewaye

Stations na irin wannan da ake gina a wuraren da kogin gado yana da wani gwaji mai karkata, ya kuma inganta da gina madatsar ruwan da ya hana a manyan adadin tara ruwa. Domin magance halin da ake ciki, da kuma amfani da musamman makirci domin gina. A wannan yanayin, da farko gina a kan kogin dam da tafki da aka shirya. Daga shi don ginin hydroelectric iko tashar ana kiyaye waterways. Recent an magance da kadan gangara (yafi sa fiye da na halitta hanya). A sakamakon haka, ruwa ake kawota don ginin sosai manyan HPP karkashin matsin lamba daga wani babba tsawo, da sa zuwa da yawa kara ikon da tashar.

matsalolin muhalli

An zaci cewa Zaramagskiye HPP, da bukatar gina wadda bisa ga jamhuriyar ta gwamnati, a fili, da yanayi Kassarskogo kwazazzabo ba wanda zai yi wani tasiri. Too manyan yankunan da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin na jumhuriya, bayan gina madatsar ruwan, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, aka ba flooded. The adadin gona a kusa da ta yi kusan ba rage.

A lokacin da Lower Zaramag fara gina HPP cascade har yanzu sa ran, da aikin yi da yawa abokan adawar. A musamman, shi bai amince da gina tashar, sanannen ecologist B. Beroev. Amma bayan yin aikin musanya masanin kimiyyar ya ra'ayi a kan yi na samar da wutar lantarki, sun canja matu. A cewar B. Beroev, ragewan da tsawo daga cikin dam daga 79 zuwa 39 m, da kuma zurfin da tafki daga 70 zuwa 30 m ya rage m muhalli tasiri na HPP zuwa m m.

Wasu masana kimiyya sun nuna damuwa da cewa bayan gina tashoshin iya sha Tibskoe ma'adinai ruwa da kuma kafofin da Nara kungiyar da kuma Kudzahta. Duk da haka, gudanar da audits nuna cewa wani mummunan tasiri da gina samar da wutar lantarki a kan wadannan m halitta shafukan so ba.

tashar zargi

Duk da cewa muhalli, a gaskiya, domin gina wannan muhimmanci da makaman ga tattalin arzikin na jamhuriyar ya ba da koren haske, abokan adawar sun bar mai yawa. Babban zargi da tashar ne don tabbatar da cewa shi ne ya gina a cikin girgizar kasa zone - a jamsin na uku tectonic laifinsu. Damuwa da dama kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da aka bayyana kawai. A cikin view, da abu ne quite m (Zaramagskiye HPP). A hatsari, musamman nasara dam a lokacin wani girgizar kasa zai kai ga dire sakamakon kamar halakar birane Ardon da Alagir, kazalika da duk kananan matsugunai dake tsakanin su. A sakamakon haka, shi ya sha wahala fiye da 75 da dubu. Man. Har ila yau, a yanayin saukan ruwan nasara zai sa irreparable cutar ta hanyar wucewa Kassanskomu kwazazzabo Ossetian Soja Road, kuma da dama muhimmanci tarihi da kuma archaeological shafukan.

Duk da haka, zane injiniyoyi tashar jama'a da kungiyoyi ba su raba cikin damuwa. Bisa ga tabbacin, wani daftarin mataki don haka da cewa da tsarin iya tsayayya da wani girgizar kasa har zuwa maki 11. Da sigogi na dam da sauran Tsarin HPP zane nagartacce ko da dan kadan a sama. jama'a da damuwa, game da data kasance microcracks a tudun da ya bayyana a lokacin da dama da raurawar ƙasa a lokacin da misãlin tashoshin, zane injiniyoyi ma kokarin kore. A cewar su, hydroelectric dam ne a wani m yanayin.

gwaninta

Zaramagskaya aikin mataki, wanda yake shi ne abokin ciniki na "Zaramagsky HPP", kafin ya fara saka a cikin yi, ba shakka, haƙĩƙa, sun shige duk dole dubawa. Resolution ga erection tashar da aka samu ta hanyar:

• Ma'aikatar Fuel da Energy na Rasha Federation.

• Gosgortechnadzor da Rasha Federation.

• Glavgosekspertizy.

• Moe Ossetia.

• EMERCOM na Rasha.

Haka kuma, sakamakon duk Nazarin da aka gwada a cikin shakka daga jama'a saurarenta a cikin man fetur kwamitin da Gidaje da Energy Arewa Ossetia-Alania, tare da sa hannu na wakilan Jama'a majalisar.

Headend: statistics

Bayan kammala ayyuka Zaramagskaya HPP zai zama mafi iko a kasar. Zurfin Kassarskogo gorges a yankin na gina tashar ne 1000 m. A fall a cikin kogi wannan wuri ne sosai babban. A jeri na shugaban HPP ta catchment yanki ne 552 ^km2. A kudi na kwarara daga kogi a wannan yanki ya kai 2.5-3.5 m / s.

Dam tashar yana da wani matsakaicin tsawo na 39 m na tsawon ne 300 m, da kuma fadin a gindi - .. 330 m Net damar hydroelectric tafki ne 0.5 miliyan cubic mita ^3. Its matsakaicin zurfin -. 30.6 m tashar ruwan tsufana da rami da aka located a kan hagu gāɓar kogi. Ardon. An tsara domin sallamar 938 m ³ / s na ruwa.

Da ikon gidan da aka located a dama banki, tare da hudu-kafa Rotary injin turbin Disc wurin zama. A diamita ta impeller ne 3.5 m, kuma da nauyi ne tan 30. Generator tashar ST 565 / 139-30 UHL4 kore injin turbin, jimloli wani irin ƙarfin lantarki a 15 MW. Da wutar lantarki da aka canjawa wuri daga na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa naúrar kan ikon rarraba na'urar 110 KV. Saboda haka, yanzu gudana a biyu ikon Lines a substation "Zaramag" da "Nuzal". Matsa lamba rami №1 HPP yana da wani giciye sashe na 7.3 x 7 m da kuma tsawon 674,29 m.

Statistics a kan GES-1

Yi na mataki na biyu daga cikin abu kamar na shekara ta 2016 ne yanzu zuwa ga ƙarshe. Ba da da ewa a jerin mafi muhimmanci masana'antu wurare a Kudu Ossetia zai shiga data kasance Zaramagskiye HPP. Zaramagskaya HPP-1 ne mai babbar cibiya na hadaddun da a ƙarshe za su samar da girma da wutar lantarki. Wannan gini yana located a kan mafi karkashin kasa.

Ruwa daga babban tashar don ginin HPP-1 za a kawota free-kwarara shagala Tunnels. Na farko, shi ne ya kamata su ci a cikin wani musamman pool kullum tsari. A cewar da yawa a Kudu Ossetia, a gaske m aikin ne "Zaramagsky HPP". BSR tashar, misali, za a juz'i na 270.000 m³. Project guda ba-matsa lamba shagala rami shi ne tsayin 14.226 m.

Building HPP-1 nufi da za a sanye take da biyu na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa raka'a aiki a wani shugaban 619 m. A diamita na inji mai farfela dabaran zai zama 3,345 m. Har ila yau, biyu janareta CB 685 / 243-20 173 MW iya aiki za a shigar a cikin ginin. A samar da makamashi na wani irin ƙarfin lantarki na 15,75 KV ke kan gidajen wuta (230 MVA), da kuma kara - da jin (330 KV). Bayar da ta su da biyu ikon Lines ga liyafar cibiyar "Alagir". Hydroelectric iko headend bayan gina Zaramagskaya HPP-1 saukad da zuwa 10 MW.

ƙarshe

Saboda haka, Zaramagskiye HPP, lalle ne da muhimmanci sosai ga tattalin arzikin na Kudu Ossetia abu. karancin wutar lantarki iya rage su. Kuma idan ka yi la'akari da cewa asalin aikin da aka modified don rage mummunan tasiri a kan da lafiyar qasa da yankin zuwa wani m, da gina za a iya daukarsa a matsayin wani al'amari na quite m kuma wajaba a kansa.