Jirgin Saman Myasishcheva: Projects jirgin sama

Sunan fice Soviet jirgin sama zanen Vladimir Mikhailovich Myasishcheva suka yadu da aka sani a cikin tsakiyar sittin na karshe karni. A lokacin wannan lokaci na jirage da aka farko da aka nuna wa jama'a.

VM Myasischev wuce duk matakai na jirgin sama ci gaba. Ya aiki aiki da ya fara a matsayin wani draftsman sauki, kammala da manyan zanen.

Myasishcheva jirage (photos za a iya gani a cikin wannan takarda) da aka cike take da bukatar da Tarayyar Soviet.

Wannan shi ne saboda zuwan makaman nukiliya. Faduwa nukiliya ragargaza a Japan, Amurka ta sanar da duniya game da farkon wani sabon nukiliya zamanin riyãwa ta magabaci. Duk da haka, bayan bayyanar da makaman nukiliya a cikin tarayyar Soviet kafin jagorancin kasar samu wata tambaya mai muhimmanci game da yiwuwar haihuwa nukiliya ragargaza zuwa karkarar wani m maƙiyi. To jimre da wannan matsala taimaka ci gaba a cikin Tarayyar Soviet jirgin sama Myasishcheva.

A farko ganawar da jirgin sama

Myasischev Vladimir Mihaylovich aka haife 28/09/1902, a Efremov gari, located a lardin Tula. Kamar yadda wani yaro, ya kasance da wata al'ada yaro, ba nuna wani amfani a cikin dabara. A shekaru 11, Vladimir sa suna a cikin gida fasaha makaranta, inda ya yi karatu da shirin tare da wani ilmin lissafi lankwasa.

A lokacin yakin basasa a Yefremov ya tsaya detachment na soja matukan jirgi a kan hanyarsu ta zuwa Kudancin Front. Vladimir, wanda ya gani kafin da cewa jirgin sama ne kawai a mujallar hotuna, iya da kyau la'akari "da karfe tsuntsaye" da kaina, kuma ko da yana da damar taɓa su. Daga baya wannan taron Myasischev aka bayyana a cikin memoirs. Ya nuna cewa taron da jirgin sama sanya irin wannan kafu daram ra'ayi a kan shi da cewa shi ya qaddara dukan rabo.

studentship

Московского Высшего Технического училища . A 1920, Vladimir Myasischev zo zuwa Moscow da kuma shiga inji baiwa na Moscow Higher fasaha School. Ya hada da karatun da aikin draftsman a Sci-matukin jirgi Air Force Airfield. A nan sai ya fara kokarin hannunsa a cikin rawar da zanen. Experience a jirgin sama zane, samu a cikin wannan aiki, Vladimir amfani a nan gaba aiki.

Rubutun aikin Myasishcheva shãfe taken duk-karfe jirgin saman soja. Wannan shi ne abin da ya ce a cikin zane aiki ba tsunduma a duk. A waɗannan shekaru a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da shi shi ne kawai daya duk-karfe jirgin sama Ant-3, shi ne brainchild na A. N. Tupoleva. Wannan ya tabbatar da sabon abu da kuma wuya daga cikin zaba theme Myasishchev. Duk da haka, duk da wannan, ya diploma Vladimir kare nasarar.

Fara na aikin

Bayan samun digiri Myasischev zama memba na tsakiya Sahihi-Hydrodynamic Cibiyar. Kuma kalubalen mai duba a TsAGI ya Vladimir Petlyakov, shugaban reshe sashe. принимал самое активное участие во многих работах. Ga Vladimir dauki wani aiki sashi a da yawa ayyuka. ТБ 1 и ТБ 3 , а также проектировал для этих самолетов бомбовые отсеки. Ya ɓullo da fuka-fuki na kai harin tarin fuka model 1 da 3 tarin fuka, da kuma tsara don wadannan jirgin sama bam bay. Kuma a cikin wannan lokaci Myasischev ya iya tabbatar da kansa a matsayin wani sosai talented zanen, hada da aikinsu sanya shi tare da gudanar da bincike.

A sabon tayin

Sun zanen sha'awar aikin AN kirar Tupolev. Famous jirgin sama miƙa jure wahaloli da yawa, kuma talented Myasishcheva management sashen na gwaji jirgin sama. , Владимир Михайлович получил задание спроектировать торпедоносец. Da yake a wannan wuri, Vladimir aka bai wa aikin tsara wani torpedo. Da shi shi ne na farko da jirgin sama Myasishcheva. Torpedo, wanda yana da wasu daga cikin na asali zane mafita, an samu nasarar gwada. Duk da haka, a cikin hukumar na daya daga cikin jirgin da jirgin ya fado. A wannan zama na torpedo an kammala.

wajen samo kwarewa

века советские конструкторы не могли предложить стране надежные самолеты. A cikin 30s na karni na 20th, Soviet designers sami ikon bayar da kasa da dogara da wani jirgin sama. самолет DC 3 в Америке. Sai Soviet gwamnati yanke shawarar sayen wani ci-gaba fasinja jirgin sama DC 3 a Amurka. Its zane za a iya amfani da hanyoyi biyu - da fasinja da kuma sufuri. VM Myasischev shiga hukumar ne jirgin sama, sa'an nan kuma ya aka sanya wa nazarin jirgin sama zane da translation inch zuwa awo. Duk da haka, idan akwai ya ba aka kawo ga ƙarshe.

shekaru na kurkuku

тюрьмой. A shekara ta 1938 Myasischev aka kama shi kuma sanya shi a cikin rufaffiyar zane ofishin, a kurkuku. этого места – ЦКБ 29 НКВД . The hukuma sunan wannan wuri - 29 CKB NKVD. Wannan ofishin kama jirgin sama zanen kaya sun yi aiki a kan halittar jirgin sama. Myasischev yi aiki a nan a karkashin kai tsaye dubawa Petlyakova. Yi jirgin saman soja - da aka bai da aiki a gaban su.

A cikin wadannan wuya yanayin gidajen kurkuku, na biyu jirgin Myasishcheva an halitta - a high-tsawo dogon zangon-m. Aikin da aka gani da gwamnati, wanda ya yarda Vladimir Mikhailovich gangarawa nasa zane ofishin. Kuma riga a 1938, sai na ga hasken wani sabon aikin aikin. Shi ne mai jirgin sama Myasishcheva - mai nĩsa high-tsawo m DVB-102. New a cikin wannan jirgin sama da 'yan yankunan:

- matsa gida, a cikin abin da matukan jirgi ake housed 4;

- shida mita high bam bay.

- gun, wanda management za a iya yi mugun.

A 1940, 29 daga cikin CDB NKVD Myasischev aka canjawa wuri zuwa Omsk ba tare da ciwon da hakkin ya fita. A birnin ci gaba zuwa jirgin sama zane fad-102. A farko inji wannan samfurin da aka gina shi a farkon 1941, ya nuna m gudu da kuma tsawo a lokacin da gwajin. Kadan sa ran ne kawai da iyaka m jirgin, saboda wanda kuma ta serial samar aka ba a aiwatar. Duk da haka, gwamnatin lura zanen ta aiki da awarding shi da Jihar Prize.

Da zarar a wani hadarin jirgin sama ya kashe VM Petlyakov, Myasischev suka ci gaba da harka ga halittar wani nutse m. A lokacin yakin shekaru a Kazan factory, inda zanen yi aiki tare da su sau da yawa halitta KB, aka saki game da goma gyare-gyare na jirgin sama.

A postwar shekaru

Duk da cewa ga su hayayyafa aikin Myasischev aka bayar da Order of Suvorov da kuma gudanar da daraja na babbar general, ya Ofishin aka wargaza a shekarar 1946. Vladimir Mikhailovich ya fara aiki a matsayin shugaban makaranta, abu Aircraft Department na Moscow sufurin jiragen sama Cibiyar. курс «Конструкция и проектирование самолетов ». A nan sai ya karanta ga dalibai daga cikin shakka "The yi da kuma zane na jirgin sama."

Shekaru na aikin a cikin MAI Myasischev sadaukar da horo na matasa injiniyoyi. A nan sai ya ci gaba da aiwatar da gina jirgin sama. Yanã son ya zana da dogon zangon-jet dabarun m. Domin aikinsa, ya janyo hankalin dalibai ta miƙa su da zama dole batutuwa coursework da dissertations. A sakamakon aikin da aka amince da ma'aikatar sufurin jiragen sama Industry. Myasishcheva miƙa sake zama shugaban nasu size.

Samar da dabarun kai harin

New myasishchev ta fara zama a cikin 1951, Vladimir Mikhailovich nan da nan kõma duk zanen kaya tare da waɗanda na yi aiki a shekarun da suka gabata. The biyayya KB da aka bai jirgin sama shuka lambar 22. Taron bita na samar da sun kasance a Fili.

Myasishchev jirgin sama ɓullo da tare da tushen sabon ideas. Sun damu da aerodynamics da kuma gina jirgin sama. Saboda haka, a cikin wadannan jirage azurta "keke" saukowa kaya. Sun kasance biyu na asali tara a fuselage da biyu kananan sigogi a kan iyakar da fuka-fuki. A kasa da shekara guda da ofishin a shuka da aka aiko game da 55.000 zane.

Test dabarun m

An ce, wani nadi aka samu ta hanyar duk bayan yaki Myasishcheva jiragen sama, - "M". A farko daya da aka yi a 1952. A watan Oktoba, ya ɗauki farko ƙasa gwaje-gwaje a filin jirgin sama su. Zhukovsky. The kawai babbar drawback na jirgin sama, wanda aka kafa a cikin rikodin lokaci (a 22 watanni), wani gagarumin man fetur amfani. Duk da haka, batu a nan shi ne ya engine, wanda aka tsara CB A. A. Mikulina.

A farko Soviet dabarun jet m farko ya tashi a sararin sama, da 20/01/1953, sauƙi m tafi daga titin jiragen sama. Wadannan jirgin sama da aka mai suna myasishchev M 4. matukan jirgin wanda ya karkata su, ya lura da sauƙi na piloting da kuma jirgin sama - sauƙi na amfani.

inganta model

Duk da kyau sake dubawa, VM Myasischev bai daina akwai. Ya ci gaba da kyautata M 4. A kawai watanni biyu, injiniyoyi da ofishin raya da kuma tsĩrar da su da shuka fiye da dubu bakwai da zane, kawo tare da wani sabon canji na m. Shi ne mai jirgin sama Myasishcheva M 3 sabon m gwaje-gwaje ya faru a cikin bazara na shekara ta 1956 a Airfield a Zhukovsky. Amma a cikin iska akwai matsala tare da gudanar da, da kuma watsi da daya daga cikin injuna. Duk da haka, da gwajin matukin M. L. Galley iya kasa wani jirgin saman M3 Myasishcheva titin jiragen sama. A ƙasa, duk da matsalolin da aka samu da sauri da kuma shafe ta.

Bayan haka, da jirgin saman M3 Myasishcheva (duba ƙasa photo) an mika su ga jerin samar. Wannan jirgin sama ya inganta aerodynamics kuma shi ne babban dan kunar bakin waken a cikin Tarayyar Soviet.

Aircraft guda M 4 da aka canja a cikin zane na jirgin sama da kuma bauta da MOTA KE SHAN MAI dukan kai nesa jirgin sama.

Lokaci guda tare da aiki a kan gyara da kuma kyautata na riga data kasance kai harin, ayyukan da suka shafi ci gaban dabarun jirgin sama. A da model jirgin sama 31 Myasishcheva, kazalika da 32 da kuma 34.

Gyare-gyare 31 da kuma 31 sun m da ciwon transonic jirgin gudun. Model 32 ne supersonic. M jirgin saman 34 mallaki mafi girma jirgin halaye. Its iyakar yiwu gudun jirgin - 1350 kilomita awa.

Duk da nazarin za'ayi a kan wadannan ayyukan, zama tushen da fice aikin myasishchev wajen samar da wani makami mai linzami supersonic "Buran-40".

fasinja kai

Lokaci guda tare da halittar soja kai harin KB VM Myasishcheva tsunduma a tasowa m jirgin sama. Abin takaici, wannan fasinja jirgin sama aikin zane ofishin bai sami karin ci gaba.

A jirgin sama da 50 M

Bugu da ari, Soviet gwamnatin izini Vladimir Mikhailovich sabon aiki. Shi ne mai jirgin sama Myasishcheva M 50, wanda ya zama wani supersonic dabarun m. Kafin wannan lokaci kome ba daga cikin irin ba ko da kimanta a duniya jirgin sama.

Jirgin Saman M 50 da wani babban mataki na aiki da na management, wanda ya rage yawan ma'aikatan jirgin su biyu. Kuma a cikin sauran m juya daga sosai nasara. The kawai rauni shi ne engine. A wannan lokacin a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, wannan muhimmin ɓangare na jirgin sama ba da isasshen karfi, AMINCI da tsawon rai. Bugu da kari, duk injuna kerarre a kasar ciyar da yawa man fetur. Ba zan iya samun wani m naúra da kuma jirgin sama Myasischev, kuma ta jirage M 50 sun ba su iya isa supersonic gudun. Wannan shi ne babban dalilin da m zane na Vladimir Mikhailovich rufe. Jirgin Saman M 50 An yi amfani da gwaji dalilai. Ya sha dukan sababbin abubuwa. Last lokaci M 50 dauki kashe a wani soja farati a Tushino. Nan da nan bayan da jirgin ya aka mika wa Monino gidan kayan gargajiya na birnin.

Wani fice aikin da aka myasishchev supersonic m M 52. Duk da haka, kamar yadda a baya hali, wannan jirgin sama da aka iske ba dole domin ta engine yi. A cikin sama da m kuma bai tashi.

Manual matukin jirgi shuka

A 1967, Vladimir Mikhailovich aka jiran wani sabon aiki. Yana amince da post na Cif na gwaji na'ura-gini shuka, da samar iya aiki ne dake cikin garin Zhukovsky. Akwai gudanar da wani kananan CB ga wanda Myasischev reassembles da zane tawagar. этого Владимир Михайлович взялся за разработку стратегического сверхзвукового многорежимного бомбардировщика. Kawai bayan da Vladimir dauki sama da ci gaban dabarun Multi-yanayin supersonic m. A layi daya tare da CB kama ayyuka suna yi da kungiyoyin na PO Sukhoi kuma A. N. Tupoleva.

Myasishchev aka samarwa fundamentally sabon reshe kewaye da ciwon m shafa. A baya can, akwai irin wannan zane bayani a kan jirage P. O. Suhova da American model. Duk da haka, duk baya versions sun yana da matukar gajeren deflectable rabo daga reshe. Shirin ya kuma V. M. Myasischeva fi dukan sauran mutane. Wannan zane bayani da aka yi amfani da A. N. Tupolevym. Bayan wani sosai nasara shi ne cewa tsara Myasischev. самолета Владимира Михайловича . A Tu-160 ƙarshe aka kusan gama gina a kan tushen da Vladimir Mikhailovich jirgin sama.

BEMZ jagorancin Myasishcheva ya tsara sa'an nan ya gina jirgin sama ya hallaka balloons da suke a cikin stratosphere. , способный развивать скорость до семисот километров в час , поднимаясь на высоту до двадцати двух тысяч метров. Shi ne mai jirgin sama M 17, iya gudu har zuwa bakwai da ɗari kilomita awa, tanã fita zuwa tsawo na ashirin da dubu biyu mita.

An invaluable taimako ga ci gaban jirgin sama

Vladimir Mihaylovich Myasischev tafi zuwa ga manufa kawai unbeaten waƙoƙi. A mutumin da m ƙarfin hali na aikin injiniya da kuma fasaha kyauta tanadi, da babban kungiya basira, da jawo ta m mafita dukan tawagar KB.

Amsar wannan tambaya na abin da ya auna taimako na zanen a jirgin sama tarihi, za ka iya samun bayan kallon fim din "Myasischev, da dama jirgin sama da kuma dukan rai" (2010).

Kowace daga cikin ayyukan Vladimir Mikhailovich wani real nasara a nan gaba. Kuma, duk da cewa wani babban yawan ayyukan har zuwa karshen da aka kawo kawai 'yan, kowane jirgin sama Myasishcheva shiga tarihi na mu jirgin sama.

Vladimir mutu 14/10/1978, a kusan wata daya bayan semidesyatishestiletiya. Fiye da rabin karni ba Myasischev jirgin sama. A tsawon shekaru an horar da yawa cancantar dalibai. Mafi yawansu, da kuma a yau ya ci gaba da aiki a cikin jirgin sama.

Creative aiki na Vladimir Mikhailovich ne Firayim misali ga novice designers, amma ya kusanta zuwa jagorancin iya zama abin koyi ga wadanda suka a yau ne shugaban bincike da ci gaban kungiyoyin.