José Saramago: biography, littattafan

Wannan master of kalmomi ya ba da duniya da kyau rana Portugal. Domin da basira José Saramago aka bayar da kyautar Nobel da kuma dukan duniya daraja. Yau ayyukansa suna karanta a cikin kusan dukkan kasashen duniya a kan su harba fina-finai a cikin abin da babban matsayin da samun manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a Hollywood.

A zurfin ma'anar, daidaito, hasashe, Misalin, da kuma m bambancin da al'adu na duniya - wadannan ne babban fasali na littafan, ba a ma maganar da daukan hankali rai heroes da kuma m hanya, hada da asali nufi da dama wallafe-wallafen ƙungiyoyi.

personage

Sun fi mayar da godiya ga duniyar José Saramago yi magana game da wallafe-wallafen da al'adu na Portugal. A shekarar 1992 ne ya kafa a Lisbon, da National Front for da Kariya na al'adu, da kuma a 1998 da marubucin aka bayar da mafi kyautar. A litattafan da wannan marubuci ya yanke shawarar sanyã wa sihiri hakikanci, amma a gaskiya su ne don haka Multi-faceted cewa hadawa duk mafi kyau da ya ba da nisa da duniya wallafe-wallafe. Amma babban alama daga gare su, za a iya kira, watakila, mai girma cikin jiki da cikakkar ideas na humanism, hawa a kan adana Adam a duk yanayi da kuma yanayi. A musamman m magana da wannan matsayi da aka samu a cikin labari mai taken "makanta", wanda a yau an dauki daya daga cikin mafi shahara da kuma rare a ko'ina cikin duniya.

Asalin nan gaba marubuci

Iya José Saramago, wani yaro daga wani sauki baƙauye iyali, tunanin cewa da zarar shi ya zama daya daga cikin manyan wakilan duniya na adabi al'umma da lokaci? Mafi m, babu.

Bisa ga master yara da aka quite wuya - kullum motsi, rashin kudi, da farkon mutuwa yayansa, ba shakka, bar wani alama a cikin m mutum na nan gaba marubucin na kasa da kasa bestseller. A duk da wannan, José Saramago ya sosai dace almajiri, ma'abũcin wani bincike hankali da kuma m kwatanci. Tun da iyaye ba za su iya biya ga mai kyau makaranta, yana da shekaru 12 yaro dan shekara aka tilasta fara horo a cikin fasaha filin, don su iya yin wani rai, kamar yadda suka faɗa, da hannuwansu.

An fara daga kasa

Bayan kammala horo na Zhoze Saramago, wanda littattafai suna karanta duk faɗin duniya a yau, na tsawon shekaru biyu kamar yadda ya yi aiki a makaniki a cikin gareji, sa'an nan ya zaɓi wani hanyar translation, daga abin da a kan lokaci ci gaba a cikin wani kwararren dan jarida. Domin a yayin da, a nan gaba ta Nobel yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin edita a cikin littafin na Diário de Noticias, amma saboda da siyasa canje-canje a shekarar 1975, aka tilasta watsi da aiki da kuma samun koma translation aiki.

Riga zarar José Saramago, wanda littattafai sun zama real wallafe-wallafen abin mamaki, ya sanar da kansa a matsayin wani marubuci da almarar.

Ups, kuma hambarar

Duk da cewa wannan mutumin ya ji kullum kamar marubuci, ya farkon m gwaje-gwajen kasa. Wannan ya duniyar da basira wajen marigayi. Mafi mashahuri a lokacin da aka dauke su aiki na Saramago watakila, "Bishara ta hannun Yesu Kristi," amma wannan littafi gare ta quite wani abin kunya da yawa a cikin duniya shahara.

Ba shi da wuya a tsammani cewa wannan littafin buga wani madadin hangen zaman gaba a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki labarin da zai ba son mabiya m addini. Misali nau'i na labari, irony, wanda Highlights wasu ra'ayoyi, da sosai 'yan adawa na Yesu Tsohon Alkawari Ubangiji ya sa quite wani babban rawa da kuma da dama martani. Duk da haka, a shekarar bayan da a saki labari "The Bishara cewar Yesu Almasihu," Saramago aka bayar da mafi kyautar - Nobel Prize.

Topic ban sha'awa a matsayin dukan

Ya kamata a lura da cewa a sama mai suna samfurin ba kawai daya daga irinsa. Ganin kansa wani ikon fassara Mafarki, marubucin, duk da haka, da yawa daga aikinsa ne kishin addini batutuwa ko ideas kusa da shi. Domin José Saramago "Bishara" shi ne kawai mafi m magana da bayyana ra'ayoyi na humanism mutum rabo a kan ka'idodin addini, amma kamar yadda kafin, da kuma daga baya shi da aka nuna a cikin ayyukan da ya sa a m martani daga masu karatu, a duniya.

"Tsince"

Wata kila wannan shi ne na farko da aikin na marubuci, ya samu babba talla da kuma lashe soyayya na miliyoyin. Daga farko Lines da labari mai karatu yana buɗewa da m kyau na Portugal, shafi wani bore da launuka da wasu kusan sihiri fara'a. Amma a wannan yajin da kuma cewa bege, cewa haushi da kuma zafi na mahaifarsa, José Saramago bayyana, a kowane layi.

Irin wannan subtlety da daidaici da inda aka rubuta aikin, sukar sun al'ada bayyana asalin marubuci daga wani baƙauye iyali. Ko da sunan marubucin da aka kafa kuskure da kuma etymologically ga m sunan daji radish. Irin wannan karfi na ruhaniya dangane da ƙasar, 'yan qasar marubuci, ba zai sami gani a cikin ayyukansu.

"Memories na sufi"

Wannan aikin Zhoze Saramago Vatican reviews sun gaske tauri. A pronounced anti-clerical hali, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin wannan aiki, zai je kada a gane, kuma ya sa a hargowar. Gaggawa na halin da ake ciki ya ba ma ganin cewa kamar yadda babban harafin da labari amsa kamar yadda sihiri, wanda, ba shakka, bai dace a cikin ganewarsu na mutane da karfi addini yarda dasu.

Duk da haka, wannan littafi da aka yawanci idan aka kwatanta da labari Umberto Eko "The Name na Rose", kuma ya zama dukan duniya bestseller.

"Makanta"

Wannan aiki, watakila, za a iya dauke daya daga cikin mafi fi so masu sauraro. Original view of Apocalypse, da Sankiran labarin, da rarrabe m style kuma mabuwayi bangaskiya a cikin rabo na bil'adama sanya "makanta" duniya-sanannen labari. Haka kuma, a cikin bayanin da m fim da aka yi, babban rawa a gaji da manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na zamaninmu.

"Biyu"

Wannan aiki iya kiranta daya daga cikin mafi duhu kuma mafi wuya ga gane a cikin ayyukan José Saramago. "Biyu" - wani littafi da ta sa mai karatu ya nutse har a matsayin mai zurfi kamar yadda zai yiwu a nasu ciki duniya, don gane zurfin jãhilci cewa ta'allaka a cikin kowane daga cikin mu yi tunani game da tambayoyi na sararin samaniya da kuma na rayuwa. Zai yiwu shi ya ga ta za a samu irin wannan sabanin reviews. José Saramago ta labari "The Biyu" singing m gõde, kuma a lokaci guda, akwai sosai korau game da shi. Abu daya ne wasu: bayan karanta sha'aninsu dabam babu wanda ya rage.

Musamman m iri, wani farɗan mai ra'ayinmu game da duniya, mai daukan hankali a cikin ta kyakkyawa da sahihancin style - Waɗannan su ne babban fasali na Jose Saramago kamar yadda gubar marubucin zamani Portugal da kuma daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci Figures a duniya adabi a yau. Akuma daga cikin sauki low-samun kudin shiga baƙauye iyali, ya ba kawai gudanar ya cimma nasara da kuma daraja - ya kasance a wasu hanya canza duniya, ba shi da wani kewayon kayayyakin, wanda kowannensu iya kira a fitacciyar. Wannan adabi, wanda ya zama wani bestseller a dukan duniya. Wannan littafi, riga ya lokaci don zama wani classic.