Kai-propelled manyan bindigogi naúrar "furen karnesha": hotuna da kuma bayani dalla-dalla

A farkon 70-ies a cikin Tarayyar Soviet akwai wasu manyan bindigogi raka'a tare da "flower" sunayen "furen karnesha", "Acacia", "Tulip", "Hyacinth" da "Peony". Kai-propelled howitzer "Pink" An halicci tafiyar, kuma ya halaka makiya manpower, manyan bindigogi da kuma turmi raka'a. Tare da shi, wani sashi da aka bayar a kan minefields kuma ta hanyar daban-daban cikas. Wadannan raka'a ne sosai azumi da kuma maneuverable.

Mene ne howitzer

The kalmar "howitzer" da aka samu daga Jamus haubitze. Fassara, yana nufin wani makami da aka tsara don amai duwatsu. Idan muka magana game da manyan bindigogi yanki, da howitzer - soja ga kayan aiki da harbe-harben a ƙasa hari a wani kwana na 70 digiri. Idan ka bude ƙamus, ma'anar wannan kalma an variously da aka bayyana, amma ma'anar asali ba ya canja.

Howitzer - yana da guda gun, amma tare da wani karami tsawon na ganga. gudu da dako a farkon motsi ma yana gudun gun. Ganuwar da ganga howitzer sanya sirara. Idan wadannan biyu kida na daidaita size, da nauyi ne muhimmanci daban-daban. A gun ne da yawa wuya.

Kai-propelled "furen karnesha" ne manyan bindigogi tsarin, wanda har yanzu ana amfani da sojoji, a duniya.

Halitta, ya kuma ci gaba da farko kai-propelled gun firam a cikin Tarayyar Soviet

A duk lokacin da na yaƙe-yaƙe da kuma fadace-fadace da ake bukata da wata dabara da zai iya bi da dannawa sojoji da kuma goyon bayan su da wuta. Manyan bindigogi bindigogi da yawa iri. Amma har yanzu ba mobile.

By farkon karni na 20th matakin na ilimi da damar zanen kaya zuwa mayar da hankali a kan samar da wani kai-propelled bindigogi. VD Mendeleev a 1916 samarwa zuwa kotu ta soja ci gaba - mai nauyi sosai mota a kan waƙoƙi "Bronehod". Ta yi wani m makamai da kuma bindiga. A wannan shekara Kanar manyan bindigogi tarakta Gulkevichy samarwa aikin creep. Yana da aka gina a Obukhov karfe niƙa. Its 3-m hdyuymovoy gun da kuma 2 inji bindigogi da kuma kwasfa da makamai. A shekara, da zanen N. N. Lebedenko halitta yãƙi na'ura a biyu ƙafafun. A 1920 Rasha industrialists a Nizhny Novgorod fito da wani tsari na dukan tankuna. A ra'ayin na halittar da suka koya daga Faransa, bayan ya yi karatu da "Renault" kamfanin kama tanki.

A 20 ta wajen samar da motoci kusata tsanani. mai kira ga shawarwarin da zane da kuma gina sulke da motocin da aka sanar. A 1922, aikin "Ship AM" lashe farko kyauta. Duk da nauyi na 10 ton, inji iya taso kan ruwa. Kamar wancan ne dauke da makamai da ta na da wani 76 mm gun.

Na bayar da muhimmanci ga ci gaban sabon iri na makamai da aka kafa da Hukumar ta musamman manyan bindigogi gwaje-gwajen. A karkashin jagorancin tsohon Rasha sojojin janar VM Trofimov kwamitin binciken matsalar da ballistics da kuma raya sabon iri makamai.

A 1922-23. Mũ ne Muka halitta a kai-propelled manyan bindigogi bataliya a shuka "Red Arsenal." A wancan lokaci, kasar da aka ba a cikin mafi kyau matsayi, masana'antu da tattalin arziki da tushe sanya shi ba zai yiwu ba su yi taro samar da wadannan shuke-shuke. A marigayi 20 ta - farkon 30-ies a kan halittar sabon makamai yi aiki irin shuke-shuke, "Red Putilovets" su. Kalinin №8, "Red Arsenal" №7, Kharkiv Locomotive, "Bolshevik" - kazalika da yawa zanen kaya.

A farkon da Great Patriotic War, hankalin kai-propelled manyan bindigogi da kuma kusan bai ba da baya ga wannan batun bayan nasarar.

Samar da kafuwa 2S1

Samar da ACS "furen karnesha" da aka kaddamar bayan murabus daga Khrushchev Yuli 4, 1967. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiya cewa Soviet manyan bindigogi kayan aiki wanzuwa yamma. Bayan yakin duniya na II, a sabis a cikin Soviet Army da aka ba son ACS. Samar da howitzers sanya wa zane ofishin, wanda ya yi aiki a shuka "Uralmash". Ya jagoranci aikin F. F. Petrov. Kuma ga shasi posted Kharkov Hoor Shuka da kaina zanen AF Belousov. Masana sun bincikar duk artorudy bayani dalla-dalla, da cewa an saki a cikin past 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Kuma da tsarin "furen karnesha" da aka kafa a wani lokaci - saitin, wani photo na wanda aka gabatar a kasa.

Tower da shasi

tushe shasi fasalin shigarwa dauki tarakta MT-LB. Domin mafi girma zaman lafiyar da shasi sun kara da juna Rink.

Track ACS 2C1 "furen karnesha" da aka sanye take da wani wuri ga direba da suna da irin wannan ofisoshin: biyu fama, iko da kuma ikon shirya.

Driver-makaniki ya sarari cewa ya shãfe haske yadi daga cikin sauran tubalan ne a cikin 2C1 "furen karnesha".

A gaban hasumiyar da aka bar sojan igwa, dama - cajin gun, da sojan igwa da aka located bayan da kafuwa kwamandan.

BãYan wani wuri na musamman domin ajiya na harsasai da aka halitta a cikin jiki. Don sauƙaƙe loading na howitzers a hasumiyar kafa sunadaran don dosylka bawo da harsashi. Ta hanyar musamman lantarki ko manual drive hasumiya fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa a 360 digiri.

caterpillars

Sau "Pink" yana da wani gagarumin dama auku a wuya a kai wuraren. Wannan shi ne saboda da waƙoƙi. Suna Ya sanya daga roba da kuma karfe. Su nisa a tushe na model ne 400 mm. Yana yiwuwa a maye gurbin su da 670 mm waƙoƙi. Wannan zai kara 2C1 "furen karnesha" patency. The m jiki support (tallafa rollers) sanye take da mutum dakatar da torsion. Bugu da kari, a kan na farko da bakwai dabaran saka na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa buga absorbers. A drive ƙafafun aka shirya a gaban wata fama abin hawa, da toothings wanda za a iya maye gurbinsu a lokacin da sawa. Track tashin hankali da aka bayar da wata inji cewa shi ne a cikin gidaje. ACS "furen karnesha" baiwa da ikon don motsawa ta cikin ruwa, shawo kan matsalolin, da nisa daga wanda zai iya zama har zuwa 300 m. A kalaman tsawo haka kada ka kasance fiye da 150 mm, da kuma kwarara kudi dole ba wuce 0.6 mita biyu. A buoyancy na na'ura da aka bayar da wani ciki iska jam'iyya. Yana da aka halitta da waldi tsakanin biyu woje da wani m zobe na roba shroud da cibiya. Matsakaicin gudun motsi Sau 2C1 "furen karnesha" a wannan yanayin bai wuce 4.5 km awa. A lokacin da tafiya a kan yawan Shots na ruwa ya kamata ba zama fiye da 30.

Jiki da kuma ciki tsarin

Roka shirin mai gabatarwa "furen karnesha" shi ne wani sulke kungiyar soja. An yi karfe 20-mm faranti. Wannan kariya ba ka damar kare mota da kuma matukan jirgin daga kananan makamai huhu raunuka, sartse da mahakar. Armor tsayayya harsashi diamita na 7,62 mm, saki daga nesa na 300 m daga wani bindiga.

Fuel tank 2C1 "furen karnesha" - wani shida kwantena hade da juna, uku a kowane gefe. A total girma ne 550 lita. Wannan shi ne isa ya wuce da nisa daga 500 km a kan babbar hanya.

A engine ga kai-propelled bindigogi samar Yaroslavl Motor Shuka. Hudu-bugun jini dizal engine yana da takwas cylinders da wani V-dimbin yawa, ne ayi a gaban. Its iko ne 240 HP.

ACS "furen karnesha" da aka bayar tare da watsa tare da 11 a gaba gudu da kuma biyu na baya.

A kai-propelled howitzer 2S1 za a iya hawa da iska ta amfani da AH-12, Il-76, AN-124.

Bawo for "Pinks"

A halin yanzu, akwai mutane da yawa irin bawo cewa zai iya yin amfani da shigarwa "furen karnesha".

Standard cikakken sa na kayan aiki: 35 high-m da kuma 5 tarawa. All tarin harsasai suna located tare da bangarorin da ƙwanso da turret.

Bari mu zauna a kan waɗanda bawo, wanda su dace da amfani a ACS 2C1 "furen karnesha".

1. A high-m bawo. Armor shigar azzakari cikin farji ne low. Amma da aka fi amfani, kamar yadda ka yi babbar lalacewa. Ingestion tank harsashi fashe. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa babbar asarar. Idan dako bai shiga cikin makamai, ya ba zai iya yin fiye da cuta. Don kare amfani musamman fuska da cewa ba da damar karya ta fata na waje na tanki.

2. tarawa ammonium. Better to soki da makamai saboda da samuwar sanadin motsi makamashi, kamar yadda aka kona ta hanyar da shi sosai. Shigar azzakari cikin farji ba rincabewa da kara manufa nesa. Kariya iya zama na musamman raga fuska.

3. Lighting bawo. Tsara don haskaka yankunan ko wasa da baya a cikin duhu (dare) lokaci. Aiwatar da wani digo daga yin amfani da ikon kayan aiki ko jirgin sama. Domin braking su motsi amfani parachutes.

4. agitation ammonium. Amfani don sanar da jama'a, wanda yake a cikin shagaltar da yankuna ko a m yankunan.

5. bawo lantarki cigaba. Aiki a kan radars na maƙiyi iska defenses. Tsoma baki tare da daban-daban igiyoyin rediyo.

6. Chemical tarin harsasai. Da nufin guba makiya poisons da kuma sunadarai. Bawo za a iya karya ko muffled m. Ya dogara da tafasar batu na sinadaran. Bayan bugawa da manufa kafa wani mai guba girgije.

7. Smoke bawo. Sha'awa da kuma sa wani lokacin farin ciki smokescreen. Yana da shawarar don amfani a lokacin da rana ne bayan da girgije, a low iska gudun. Wannan zai kara da sakamako na hayaki.

8. dako da musamman daukan hankali abubuwa. Su yi amfani da aka ba izini ta Hague Yarjejeniyar saboda nauyi amfani raunuka. Ciki da harsashi ne tipped kibiyoyi.

Domin gudanar da harbe-harben harsasai da aka suya kusa da mota, shi na samar da wani babban tailgate da kuma kai na'urar da ciyar da a cikin daki.

howitzer

Don ƙirƙirar kai-propelled howitzer amfani D-30, wanda ya riga ya kasance a cikin sabis a kasashe da dama na duniya. Kai-propelled manyan bindigogi shigarwa 2S1 "furen karnesha" bukaci da sake gina da kuma kammala D-30. Saboda haka akwai wani gyara na D-32 (2A31), wanda daidai hadu da sabon bukatun. 122mm howitzer "furen karnesha" da aka saki ta hanyar KB №9 da kuma zanen A. F. Belousovu. Babban bambancin daga da wanda ya riga - shi ne gaban biyu-jam'iyya muzzle birki da kuma wani ejector. Ciki ganga rifling 36 ne amfani. A duka bututu tsawon - 4270 mm, da tsawon da caji jam'iyya - 594 mm. A dukan mai karɓar band yana da wani taro na 955 kg. Yanzu wadannan na'urori suna sanye take da duk zamani manyan bindigogi naúrar. Breakage ejection na'urar za ta kai ga cewa ma'aikatan ba za su iya ci gaba da aiki ba tare da masks.

Ganga na da makami za a iya jawo a tsaye matsayi daga -3 don +70 digiri. Niyya ne da za'ayi tare da wani ido jam'iyyar Guomindang-2 da kuma OP 5-37. A gun yana da wani vertically sandan aron kusa. Sake-cocked ta wajen Semi-atomatik inji. A duka rufe inji yana da wani nauyi na 35,65 kg.

Tarawa bawo BP-1 shuka harbe tare da wani musamman cajin F-8. jirgin iyaka zai iya zuwa har 2 km. A harsashi ya fara motsa a gudun mita 740 da na biyu.

Idan harbi da aka yi fashewar cajin, range iya isa 15.3 km. Lokacin da harbe-harben roka-taimaka dako, ta ƙãra zuwa 21,9 km. M nisa da cewa za a iya aika munition ne 4,07 km.

"Pink" ba a high-gudu dabara. Lokacin da harbe-harben "daga ƙasa" gun iya nuna 4-5 akai-akai da minti. Idan wuta gubar projectiles Stock a kan jirgin, to, akwai 1-2 Shots da minti.

Fasaha da kuma dabara data

• The ƙungiya - 4 mutane.
• Cikakken fama nauyi - 15 zuwa 700 kg.
• Girma: tsawon - 7,265 m, nisa - 2,85 m, tsawo - 2.285 m.
• Armor - 2 cm karfe.
• Igwa - howitzer da 122 mm ganga D-32.
• Fama Kit - a kalla 40 akai-akai.
• Rate - 4-5 akai-akai da minti (matsakaicin).
• Da harbe-harben kewayon - 4,07-15 km.
• Matsakaicin tafiya gudun a kan babbar hanya - 60 km / h.
• A iyakar gudu daga motsi na ruwa - 4.5 km / h.
• A nesa a kan daya MOTA KE SHAN MAI - a kalla 500 km.
• Iya shawo kan shingen: bango tsawo na 0.7 m, 2,75 m m wuriyar.

A sa na na'urorin haɗi hada da irin aka gyara:

Na'ura kallo kwamandan BDIN-3, PG-1 gani manyan bindigogi tsarin iko wuta-PG 2, a dare gani da sojan igwa PP81MN, dare hangen nesa na'urar direba TVN-M2, dizal engine YMZ-238N-1.

Modern "carnations"

The mota ya soma kusan duk kasashen da Warsaw yarjejeniya. Har yanzu, gun Dutsen, "furen karnesha" da ake amfani a daban-daban a} asashen duniya. Modern ta gyara bayar da Laser-shiryar "Kitolov 2". An musamman tsara don kai-propelled bindigogi a cikin kayan Design ofishin a Tula. Irin wannan harsashi ba tare da wani aiki buga gashi mobile da tukwãne hari. "Kitolov-2" ya soma a shekara ta 2002. dako yana da wani taro na 28 kg, tsawon - 1190 mm.

Har yanzu gudana taro samar na kai-propelled howitzers 2S1 da 122 mm ganga.

Karshe gyara da ya faru a 2003. A birnin Perm a kamfanin "MZ" inji samu sabon kayan aiki a cikin nau'i na sarrafa kansa shiriya da wuta kula da tsarin. Bayan da cewa ACS aka bai da wani sabon nadi - 2S1M1.

Kafa da "furen karnesha" shi ne a cikin wadannan kasashe:

• Azerbaijan - 62 guda.
• Algeria - 145 guda.
• Armenia - 10 guda.
• Belarus - 246 guda.
• Bulgaria - 306 guda.
• Bosnia da Herzegovina - 5 guda.
• Hungary - 153 guda.
• Jojiya - 12 guda.
• Jamhuriyar Dimokradiyyar Congo - 12 guda.
• Kazakhstan - 10 guda.
• Poland - 533 guda.
• A Jamhuriyar Serbia - 75 guda.
• Rasha - 2000 guda.
• Romania - 6 guda.
• Syria - 400 guda.
• Slovakiya- 49 guda.
• Ukraine - 580 guda.
• Har ila yau, a Angola, Iraki, Yemen, Libya, da Jamhuriyar Czech da kuma Ethiopia.

Kai-propelled howitzer "furen karnesha" da aka sanya ba kawai a Rasha. Dama zuwa tsirar da shi samu Poland da kuma Bulgaria.

A cikin Rasha sojojin, wadannan howitzers iyakance rarraba. Suna amfani da manyan bindigogi dutsen dakaru birged da wani Marine. A mafi m 152 mm howitzer.

Har Agusta 2014 manyan bindigogi naúrar 2C1 "furen karnesha" da aka samar a shuka a Kharkiv.

Bayan da rikicin Ukraine ya jagoranci wani soja adawa, ma'abũcin da shuka, da Rasha, Oleg Deripaska, sun dakatar da samar da wannan makami. Bugu da kari, kamfanin bai sabunta da lasisi ga saki na kashe-hanya motocin da haske sulke manyan motoci.

"Carnations" kamar yadda farfado

Single kofe na ACS "furen karnesha" za a iya gani a gidajen tarihi a duniya. A Rasha, yaki da inji aka shigar a cikin nau'i na kayayyakin gargajiya ko tsaraba pedestals a goma sha biyu wurare.

The Museum of Technology Vadim Zadorozhnogo (Moscow Region), a cikin Memorial hadaddun "partisan makiyaya" (Bryansk), Krasnoarmeysk kusa Moscow Region Research Institute "Geodesy", a cikin babban birnin kasar ta Nasara Park, a cikin Suvorov Soja School (Moscow), a St. .Petersburg, Yalutorovsk da kuma sauran birane.

A Belarus, "furen karnesha" shi ne a cikin Gomel yankin gidan kayan gargajiya na soja da tasbĩhi, kuma a cikin tarihi da kuma al'adu hadaddun "Stalin Line".

A Poland, wadannan model an housed a biyar soja gidajen tarihi a Amurka - uku a Jamhuriyar Czech - a daya.

A Ukraine, wadannan kai-propelled bindigogi ne 6 nune-nunen a daban-daban biranen kasar.

Kariya da "carnations"

Domin kariya da za a yi amfani a kankare Tsarin, da kauri daga cikin ganuwar ba kasa da 50-70 cm. A gini tubalan ga kafuwar ne manufa domin samar da wani tsari. Idan kana so ka kare kansu a wani birane muhalli, shi ne mafi kyau don amfani da haihuwa bam mafaka, da catacombs da basements da kyau zurfin. Matukar hatsari ne kai tsaye hit.

Howitzers da igwa bawo da dukiya da karfi a warwatse tare da shugabanci na motsi. Saboda haka, ba su da amfani, don ya hallaka kananan hari. Yadda ya kamata su za a iya amfani kawai idan da bawo Laser abin da ya ƙunsa aiki. A wannan connection, shi ne shawarar zuwa matsawa perpendicular zuwa da akayi shugabanci na wuta, kara nisa tsakanin mahalarta da mazauna da kuma gudun da motsi.