Ka'idar da ganuwa hannunka: wani m bayani

Tattalin arziki da kimiyya sani 'yan ainihin kwatance na tattalin arziki da tunani, shirya a shekara-shekara domin kamar haka: mercantilism makaranta, classic ekonomteoriya (manufa na ganuwa hannun Adam Smith), da Physiocrats School, neoclassical, akidar Karl Marx makaranta, Keynesianism da monetarism.

Daga cikin wadannan tattalin arziki makarantu zauna a wuri na musamman litattafansu, musamman Adam Smith da "binciken yanayi da kuma Sanadin dũkiyar al'ummai". Shi ne ya yi aiki aza harsashin ga zamani tattalin arzikin a matsayin kimiyya, shi wanda ya yi na farko ya kawo dokokin da hulda da babban sojojin na kasuwa, wadata da kuma bukatar. Smith aka ma barata bisa ga ka'ida da ganuwa hannunka.

Don fi gane yadda wannan manufa ayyukansu, wajibi ne a bayyana ma'anar da dokoki na samar da bukatar, ya sa a cikin wurare dabam dabam Smith. Bisa ga doka na bukatar, abokan ciniki za su sami mafi yawa daga kaya a wani m farashin da kuma wani karami yawa na dukiya a wata mafi girma farashin. Graphically wannan za a iya nuna matsayin ragewa mike layin wanda gangara ne m da elasticity na bukatar, wato, da mataki na mayar da martani ga mabukaci farashin canji. A elasticity na bukatar iya zama sifili (masu amfani da sayen guda yawa na dukiya, ko da canje-canje a cikin farashin matakin), m (farashin canji da kashi daya zai fararwa canje-canje a bukatar ta kasa da kashi daya) da kuma fi hadin kai (a kashi daya farashin canji zai canza matakin na bukatar a kan kashi daya cikin dari).

Hakazalika, dokar aiki shawara, bisa ga abin da manufacturer zai sayar da karin kayayyakin a mafi girma farashin da m kayayyakin a wani m. Graphically, yana yiwuwa ya nuna wani kara mike line, da gangare daga wanda aka ƙaddara da digiri na farashin elasticity na wadata.

Ka'idar da ganuwa hannunka ya furta cewa, cikin kasuwar ma'auni za a kafa a yankunan na wadata da kuma bukatar, a lokaci guda shi ne ya kai ta atomatik ta cikin mataki na masu amfani da kuma masu sayarwa a kasuwa. Saboda haka, Smith ya ƙaryata game da bukatar shisshigin gwamnati a cikin tattalin arzikin kamar yadda haddabi ci gaban tattalin arziki da kuma kasuwar matakai kayan aiki. Bisa ga kalamai, a lokacin wani lokaci na saye da sayarwa zai canza matsayi cikin wadata da kuma bukatar da masu lankwasa, bi da bi, don canja farashin da kuma yawan saya da kuma sayar da kayayyaki, har suka isa ga batu na ma'auni, sa'an nan za a fara zuwa ya rika gudanar da ma'amaloli a kan sayar da ma'auni yawa samfurin na da cikakken hankalinsa farashin.

Abin baƙin ciki, da manufa na da ganuwa hannunka na kasuwa, ko da yake yana rubuce cikakken daidai da wajaba a kansa, ba ya tabbatar a halin yanzu tattalin arziki hakikar. Wannan tushe daga gaskiya cewa wannan manufa aiki ne kawai a yanayin cikakken gasar, wanda shi ne a gaskiya a zalla msar tambayar model a cikin abin da kasuwar aiki izuwa yawa saye da masu sayarwa, da kuma sayan da kuma sayar da samfurin shi ne cikakken uniform. A hakikanin rai, da nasara da irin wannan yanayin ne ba zai yiwu ba bisa manufa, saboda haka, da manufa na ganuwa hannunka ba dace da amfani a cikin zamani tattalin arzikin. A bambanci ga Smith ka'idar, sai suka ci gaba da ka'idar Dzhona Meynarda Keynes da monetarists, da damar bayyana tsari na tattalin arziki. Keynesian yi imanin cewa, babban dokokin ikon jihar kasafin kudin kudi, wanda kara multiplicatively qara tara bukatar, da kuma monetarists fi son tsara da tattalin arzikin ta gudãnar da kudi wadata a kasar.

Duk da wannan, da manufa na ganuwa hannunka - shi ne wani muhimmin msar tambayar aiki lokaci, da kuma fahimtar buɗe sama damar nazarin tattalin arziki bincike na kasuwanni, shan la'akari da halin yanzu tattalin arziki.