Karin Bester - babban master of almarar

Karin Bester wani nasara screenwriter talabijin jerin da kuma rediyo wasanin kwaikwayo, comic littafin edita da kuma marubuci. Duk da haka, duk da nasarorin a duk wadannan wurare, da dama tuna da shi a matsayin wani marubuci da almarar kimiyya.

Wanda ta Bester?

Karin kasance daya daga cikin 'yan mawallafa wanda ya fara rubuta almarar kimiyya. Gab da mutuwarsa, almarar kimiyya marubuta American Association Bester bayar da wani lakabi na girmamawa na "Grand Jagora". A 2001, da sunan Alfred Bester sanya jerin "Hall of Fame".

Haife marubuci a New York a ranar 18.12.1913, a cikin iyali takalma kantin sayar da mai. Mahaifansa biyu, mahaifinsa James aka gudun hijira daga kasar Austria. Bella mahaifiyar aka haife shi a Rasha da kuma zo Amirka a cikin matasa. Family da bin gargajiya Yahudanci. Daga baya, to, uwarsa ya ɗauki Katolika bangaskiya. Karin aka daidaita tsakanin addinai biyu, ya tashe ikon fassara Mafarki.

Karin Bester karatu a Jami'ar Pennsylvania. Ya sana'a ya Psychology. Ya yi karatu a "m", biya hankali ga nazarin al'adu. An kyau kwarai dan wasa, Alfred taka leda a kan kwallon kafa tawagar da, a cikin magana, shi ne mafi nasara wasan takobi. Bayan jami'a halarci Columbia Law School, amma a shekara daga baya bar ta.

A wani New York kamfanin samu magatakarda ta aiki da kuma, da ya saba makamashi, ya yi niyya ya ba da sirri. A shekarar 1936, ya auri actress nasarar Rollie sanar, da wanda ya rayu har zuwa rasuwarsa a kan 30.09.1987 shekara. Bester ko da yaushe ya rayu a New York. A cikin tsakiyar 50s na rayu a Turai fiye da shekara guda, amma sai suka koma Pennsylvania Rollie.

Kamar yadda ya fara aiki?

Ya halittar farko Bester dauki a Wonder Stories mujallar. A lokacin da shekara uku na hadin gwiwa tare da kimiyya-fiction wallafe Alfred rubuta goma sha huɗu da labaru. matasa marubucin aiki tafi Uphill.

A farkon 40-ies Vaysingera M., edita na mujallar ana kiran su zuwa aiki a wani m kamfanin National Periodicals, inda zaunar superheroes magabacin mutumi da kuma Batman Comics. Su Kasadar kuma miƙa yi Vaysingeru. Ya ba kawai ya yarda, amma kuma ya haifar da kamfanin ta mallaka kungiyar na mawallafa, cikinsu ya Alfred Bester.

Frantic taki na comic littafin masana'antu dauki Bester. A nan, da bambanci ga ambata adabi, shi ya kowace rana ƙirƙirãwa sababbin labaru, maganganu, rubutun. Amma biya domin wannan aiki shi ne mafi alhẽri.

Hakika, yana da wuya a tantance sirri taimako Bester a "superhero hawan keke." Tun da aiki na Comics umurnin kerawa - suka rubuta da dama mawallafa, da kuma ya wani lokacin a 'yan dozin jerin. Comics aiki bayar ba kawai Alfred amma kuma matarsa. Ta bayyana manyan ayyuka a cikin rediyo version "magabacin mutumi."

Rollie da Alfred shawarar cewa manajoji suna neman rubutun marubucin jami'in rediyo nuna da kuma bayar da wani m kudi ga aiki. A Company gudanar da dama jami'in show, don haka muna da aiki a mai tsananin sauti da taki. Amma Bester bayan ya irin wannan kwarewa, godiya ga Comics. Bugu da kari, wani rukuni na marubuta jagorancin wani kwararren cikin filin Uolter Gibson.

A shekara ta 1948, domin Bester yana da wani aikin - art talabijin taka. Talabijin suka sa'an nan har yanzu m, don haka sau da yawa tuna baya aikinsa - cikin jerin "Tom Corbett," wanda ya fito a sinimomi shekaru da dama a kan daban-daban tashoshi. A 1950, Bester ya kõmo zuwa almarar kimiyya mujallar.

Back to kayan yau da kullum

Karin Bester alama ya dawo zuwa ga Genre almarar labarin "Oddi da Eid." A shekarar 1959, an buga shi a Agusta batun na mujallar ban mãmaki, unchallenged manyan duniya na fantasy. Amma sabon Editorial siyasa ya haddasa Campbell ta "mafaka" daga wani mujallar da yawa ban mamaki marubuta.

Wannan ya kai ga samar da sabon wallafe, kuma Campbell ya jefa kawai biyu wajen tsanani kira rajistan ayyukan F & SF da kuma Galaxy Science Fiction. Karin Bester, sabon dandamali ga wallafe-wallafe.

Aiki a kan rediyo da talabijin lokaci-cinyewa, don haka Alfred rubuta kadan. A wannan lokacin, ya inganta ya basira. Da labarinsa samu wani m gabar launi, haske da kuma rashin tsoro da makamashi, da kuma dã ba su aikata girmamawa ga wani edition na fantasy Genre.

Edition na F & SF wallafa biyu labarai Bester - "Choice" da "Game da lokaci da kuma Uku Avenue." A shekarar 1952, mujallar Galaxy farawa a m bazawa da labari, wanda aka rubuta ta hanyar Alfred Bester, "The Man Ba tare da wani Face."

Hanyar zuwa saman

The fitarwa na farko litattafan Bester ta "The Man Ba tare da wani Face" da "Tiger! Tiger! "Shin daidai da sakamako na wani yawo bam. Har yanzu. A psychologist da horo, Alfred bayar da quintessential ya haruffa wasu halaye.

Deep m batutuwa, kiwon da perennial kyawawan dabi'u da kuma al'amurran da suka shafi - 'yanci, dokar, gaskiya, da gãfara, alhakin. Ba guda superfluous kalma - duk kammalã da maximally subordinated zuwa da ra'ayin. Kowane jumla danniya, kamar yadda idan tam ya kumshe wadansu abubuwan spring. Books son da wani makamashi da cewa janyo hankalin, da kuma karya daga karanta ba zai yiwu ba.

"The Man Ba tare da wani Face" yana buɗewa da karatu a duniya inda wannan ci gaban ya zo gaskiya a cikin juyin halitta, wadda raba mutãne, a cikin telepaths-Espers da netelepatov. Zai ze cewa duniya a kan gãɓar rãmi na rushewa da hargitsi. Amma espers amfani da kwarewarsu kawai domin amfanin al'umma.

A tsakiyar shi ne maigidan wata babbar kamfani, wanda kwãna yãyen mafarki, inda ya bĩbiyi mutum ba tare da wata fuska. A m na tsoratar game da mafarkai da ya yi imani da abokin hamayyarsa kuma yanke shawarar da ya kashe. Amma yadda za a aiwatar da shi? Bayan duk, wadannan tunani ba za a iya watsi da telepaths.

The labari "Tiger! ! Tiger "shi ne wani mataki a cikin juyin halitta - ikon teleport, dzhantatsii (hijirar na da ikon tunani). Waɗanda aka hana wadannan damar iya yin komai, shi ne watakila xan al'umma. Kumbon sama jannati da "al'ada" ƙungiya hadarurruka. A tafin kafa tsira daga wani jirgin makaniki watanni shida rayayye a cikin tarkace da kuma aika a cikin sarari wuya sigina. Amma watsi da su.

Wanda ya tsira daukan makasudin - to tsira da saka jefa shi ga mutuwa. Ba mallakan} oron, amma tare da wani stock kawai karfi, ya gane cewa ya cimma da ake so taimako da shi kawai da-shirya mataki.

M mãkirci, kuma a cakuda jami'in almarar, da rikici, da m hirar, irony ci gaba da karatu a jinkirtar daga farko zuwa karshe line da labari. Ganin cewa littattafan da aka rubuta a cikin 50s na karshe karni, ba za ka gane cewa suna da "Grand Master" wajaba a samu wani mai almarar kimiyya marubuci Alfred Bester.

marubucin

Fiye da shekara arba'in da m aiki Alfred bayar kasa da goma litattafan. Amma kowane littafin Bester zama wani taron. Kusan a lokaci guda tare da na farko littattafai biyu ya rubuta labari "Wãne ne ya?".

A cikin marigayi '50s ga post na Alfred kiran nagari Holiday mujallar edita. Bester ya yarda da su shawara da kuma aiki a wallafe-wallafe har rufe daga cikin mujallar. A wannan lokacin ya buga kawai-rubuce littafin "The rayuwa da mutuwa da tauraron dan adam" da kuma labaru.

Kuma magoya na fantasy sa ran kafin nan da wani sabon labari. Amma bace shekaru da yawa, ya ba ze lura da rashin haƙuri Bester. Alfred, tarin gajerun labarai da ta da hankalin sha'awa daga masu karatu, pauses a cikin aiki almarar kimiyya marubuci.

Bayan da babbar, kusan shekaru ashirin da, da na karya daga cikin 1975 "Iblis ke dubawa." Bayan shekaru biyar da ya alkalami fita daya bayan da wasu litattafan "Golem100" da "cheaters". A littafin "m tashin hankali na so" da "Psiholavka" A cikin shekaru na 1991 da kuma 1998.

Karin Bester rubuta fiye da sittin gajejjeran labaru, litattafan da makala cewa an buga a daban-daban wallafe. marubucin ayyukan da aka buga a buga a dama littattafan. Duk da cewa ayyukan da ya yi, an rubuta shi a kan shekaru hamsin da suka wuce, da kuma a yau su ne a babban bukatar. Har ila yau kunshe a cikin jerin mafi kyau litattafan a cikin fantasy Genre, mai gaskatãwa lakabi na girmamawa na ta mahalicci.