Kasar Jamhuriyar Czech: tarihi, halaye, babban birnin kasar, yawan jama'a, tattalin arziki, shugaban kasar

Kasar Jamhuriyar Czech - a kananan kasar. An located in da sosai zuciya na Turai. Dukanmu mun san kasar da kuma kusa da Jamhuriyar Czech. Bayan duk, shi da iyaka tare da Poland da Jamus, Slovakia da kuma Austria. Irin wannan m Gwargwadon matsayi a tsaka-tsaki na cinikayya hanyoyi daga Turai zuwa Asia, m sauyin yanayi da kuma yawan ma'adinai marẽmari sun ba kasar da Jamhuriyar Czech mai girma damar domin ci gaba. A kowace shekara miliyoyin masu yawon shakatawa garken nan daga duk sassan duniya don inganta kiwon lafiya a cikin spas, sha'awan da musamman kasar da kuma ta zamanin da gidãjen gine.

Bohemia ne sosai ladabi da kuma kafa al'umma. Bayan duk, suka wuce da mutunci da wuya lokacin da bi da breakup gurguzu sansanin. Abin da a yau shi ne gaskiya girman kai na Jamhuriyar Czech? Tattalin arzikin kasar da fari, wanda shi ne na biyu a wuri daga cikin Eastern Turai Amirka.

matafiya

Kasar Jamhuriyar Czech a cikin yawon shakatawa kasuwar yanaye kasu kashi uku yankunan: dima jiki, gudun kan da kuma yawon shakatawa hutu. Ga masoya na fadi da al'adu shirin ana karfafa su ziyarci Plzen, Brno, česky Krumlov, Ostrava kuma, ba shakka, Prague.

Yanã son ya inganta lafiyar ka je yammacin kasar. A nan ne mai karfi da babban mura kamar Marianske Lazne, Karlovy bambanta da Kynžvart. Ga wani ski hutu don Jamhuriyar Czech yayi da gabashin yankuna. Ga kan iyaka da Poland ne mura kamar Harrachov, Spindleruv Mlyn, Rokytnice nad Jizerou da Vítkovice.

A wannan ban mamaki kasar har yanzu ya kasance fiye da biyu da rabi dubu na na da gidãjen, karin da ta musamman gine. Kuma shi ne ba abin mamaki bane cewa Jamhuriyar Czech ji dadin ziyartar artists da kuma romance na haihuwa masoya da kuma connoisseurs. Bayan ya isa a kasar ne kawai sau daya, ba shi yiwuwa ya isa wata babbar lamba na samuwa a shafukan on da karkararta. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa da yawa yawon bude ido dawo nan kuma da sake.

Abin da kuma janyo hankalin matafiya zuwa Jamhuriyar Czech? Description na kasar ne ba zai yiwu ba ba tare da labarin da asali da kuma dadi abinci. Yana da wani real yanci ga gourmets, tilasta mutane don wani lokaci zuwa manta game da abun da ake ci kuma game da karkara na kugu.

A real aljanna a duniya ne Jamhuriyar Czech da kuma ga giya masoya. A nan, a hankali kiyaye girke-girke da kuma hadisai na shiri na sha gabatar da wata babbar iri-iri iri.

labarin kasa

Kasar Jamhuriyar Czech a arewa yana da wani 658 km iyaka da Poland, a arewa maso yammacin, yamma da Jamus - 646 km, a gabashin Slovakia - 214 km, a kudancin Austria - 362 km. Saboda haka, tsawon dukan kan iyakoki na wannan jiha ne 1880 km.
A ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Czech yana da matukar bambance bambancen wuri mai faɗi. Kamar haka, yankin yamma da Bohemia aka located a cikin kwari na gudãna kamar Vltava da Labe. An kewaye da low duwãtsu.

A gabashin ɓangare na Jamhuriyar Czech - shi ne yankin ƙasar Moravia. Yana kuma siffofi da wani undulating surface. Wannan yanki shi ne a cikin kwari na Morava River. A Jamhuriyar Czech babu mafita zuwa teku. Duk da haka, duk suka yi garken ta kogin. Suna fada a cikin Black Sea, da Baltic da kuma ta Arewa Tekuna.

A mafi duwãtsu na kasar suna located a arewacin. Suna da ake kira Kokonoshi. Shi ne mafi girman dutsen Snowball. Yana lẽƙãwa a teku matakin zuwa 1600 mita.

Nemo Jamhuriyar Czech a duniya map iya zama da tsarawa 49 digiri 45 seconds arewa latitud da kuma 15 digiri 30 seconds gabas longitude. Wannan ne zuciya na Turai. Don tabbatar da wannan, kawai ziyarci shafin, located tsakanin biranen Pilsen da Cheb. A nan ne wani tunawa ãyã, wanda Bears rubutu "Center na Turai".

A kasar ne 78.866 murabba'in kilomita. A ta yankin na Jamhuriyar Czech mukamansu 115 th a duniya. Kashi biyu cikin dari na ƙasa - da ruwa surface.

sauyin yanayi

Jamhuriyar Czech - a kasar tare da m weather. A sauyin yanayi a nan shi ne fairly m. Very zafi a cikin wannan yanki shi ne kawai don wani guda mako na shekara. Dadi weather so kasa a duk yanayi. Summer akwai aka saita talakawan zafin jiki a cikin kewayon ashirin da digiri, a ma'aunin zafi da sanyio hunturu kusan ba ya sauke kasa da "debe 3". Irin wannan manufa sauyin yanayi da aka halitta da nahiyar da kuma Maritime tsoma. Ya rage mummunan tasiri da iskõki mountainous kewaye.

administrative division

A kan taswira za ka iya ganin kasar ta goma sha uku yankuna ko gefuna. Babban administrative cibiyar na kasar ne ta babban birnin kasar - birnin Prague.

Abin da yankunan (gefuna) wani bangare ne na wannan Turai jihar? Su lissafa da wadannan:

• Tsakiya.
• Plzen.
• Kudu Bohemian yankin.
• Karlovy bambanta.
• Ústí nad Labem.
• Karlovegradetsky.
• Liberec.
• Kudu Moravian.
• Slomoutsky.
• Pardubice.
• Moravskosilevsky.
• Zlín.
• Vysocina.

labarin

A ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Czech da aka lugar da mutane ko a lokacin Stone Age. A farkon ambaci kasar da aka samu a tarihin dating baya ga 9th karni. A wannan lokacin, da Jamhuriyar Czech ƙasa tana karkashin mulkin na Premyslid sarakuna.

Na biyu sunan da waɗannan ƙasashe - Bohemia. Haka ya faru a kan wani tsoho Celtic kabilar, da suke zaune a cikin ƙasa, located in ba-rana Arewa Bohemia. Da zarar sun ƙware waɗannan ƙasashe Jamus kabilan - Marcomanni, a kan canji da a 5th karni zo nan Slavs. Past, kuma suka kasance cikin magabatan yau Czechs.

Heyday wannan Slavic jihar ya kai zuwa saman 11th karni. A wannan lokacin, aka kira Great Moravia, kuma yana da wani m yanki, wanda ya hada da halin yanzu ƙasar Slovakia, Bohemia da kuma wani ɓangare na Hungary da Austria.

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa akwai wani tarihi bayani game da yadda birnin ta kasance babban birnin wannan jiha da kuma dalilin da ya sa shi ya faru lalace. Mafi m, al'amarin shine cewa akwai mutane da yawa da yakin basasa. An sani cewa Great Moravian ya Kirista kasar da ta Baptist waɗansu Manzanni Mefody da Cyril (as kyau kamar yadda a cikin Rasha).

A 17th karni. Czech Kingdom ya zama wani ɓangare na Austro-Hungarian Empire, da kuma bayan ta auka a 1928, akwai wata kungiy na Carpathian Ruthenia, Slovakia da kuma Jamhuriyar Czech. Wadannan kasashen zama da aka sani Czechoslovakia. A 1939 da kasar da aka shagaltar da ta sojojin Nazi Jamus. A 'yantar zo ne kawai a karshen yakin duniya na biyu, a lokacin da sojoji suka shiga Czechoslovakia Tarayyar Soviet. Bayan da cewa, kasar shiga wani gurguzu Commonwealth.

Duk da haka, a cikin marigayi 80-ies Czechoslovakia rungumi taro da zanga-zanga da kuma zanga-zanga. Dukan su sun sa a cikin abin da ake kira Karammiski juyin juya halin. Wannan ya biyo ta wani grand-sikelin yajin, wanda ke haifar da canji na tsarin mulki. Kasar karkashin jagorancin tsohon DiSSiDENT kuma marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, Vaclav Havel.

01.01.1993 Czechoslovakia aka lumana kasu kashi biyu jihohi. Da karkararta kafa biyu jamhuriyoyin - Slovakia da Jumhuriyar Czech. A tarihin kasar bayan da ya fara daukar siffar a kan nasu. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1999, jihar ya zama memba na kungiyar tsaro ta NATO, da kuma a 2004 - an EU memba. Tun 2007, da Jamhuriyar Czech da gudummawa a cikin Turai labarinka yarjejeniya, watau wani mutum wanda yana da visa na wannan kasar, za su iya ba tare da wani cikas, a yi tafiya a dukan Turai.

siyasa Structure

Kasar Jamhuriyar Czech ne a kasar tare da wani wakilin dimokuradiyya. Tare da wannan yanayin, babban tushen siyasa ikon ne mutane, amma suna wakilai zuwa daban-daban wakilin jikin jihar gwamnati. Jamhuriyar Czech - a majalisar jumhuriya. Its zartarwa reshe ne shugaban kasar da kuma gwamnati. A karshen, bi da bi, shi ne alhakin da na majalisar wakilai.

The shugaban da Czech jihar - da shugaban kasa. An fara daga 01.27.2013 kuma har yau wannan post ne shagaltar da Milos Zeman. Yana maye gurbin Vaclav Klaus.

Miloš Zeman - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi shahararren Figures na Turai siyasa. Irin wannan ra'ayi game da shi a kafa ta hanyar m sirri matsayi na shugaban na Jamhuriyar Czech da kuma shubuha kalamai. Yana da daraja yana mai cewa a halin yanzu shugaban kasar Jamhuriyar Czech, da bambanci ga mafi Turai 'yan siyasa, da goyan bayan Rasha ta ayyuka a yankunan da yawa. Milos Zeman ra'ayi sau da yawa gudanar counter zuwa ga maganganun na Brussels. Kuma matsayinsa da wuya isa.

Game da Czech majalisar, shi ne bicameral. A da tsarin ne na majalisar wakilai, da kuma majalisar dattijai. Na majalisar wakilai na samar da aikin na biyu da ɗari na membobinta, wanda aka zaba ta hanyar da mutane kowane shekaru hudu. A lokaci guda, da manufa na gwargwado misali. Haɓaka da daya bisa uku na Majalisar Dattawa faruwa sau daya a cikin shekaru biyu. A wannan yanayin, kowane daga cikin 81 sanatocin bayar shekaru shida umarni.

Lãmuncẽwa na asali hakkin da Czech al'umma ne kotun tsarin. Yana da aka hada da 15 mahukunta suna karfafuwa yarjejeniyoyin da dokokin da cewa sun saba wa kundin tsarin mulkin kasar.

yawan

Jamhuriyar Czech yanzu ɓangare na jerin populated kasashen. Bisa ga latest statistics, da yawan jama'ar da dan kadan fiye da 10 da mutane miliyan. Goma daga cikinsu rayuwa a cikin babban birnin jihar - Prague. Sauran yawan jama'a, kamar yadda a mafi yawan kasashen Turai, yafi mayar da hankali a sauran garuruwa.

Domin shekaru da dama a cikin Czech Republic ne wani kwari karuwa a cikin halitta yawan girma. Wannan shi ne saboda rage mace-mace da kuma karuwar haihuwa. Bugu da kari ga halitta girma akwai wani inflow na baƙi. Yana kuma qara da jama'ar na Turai jihar.

hukuma harshe

A lokacin da ƙarni-tsohon tarihi na Jamhuriyar Czech on da karkararta rayu daban-daban da kuma kabilu al'ummai. Yau, duk da haka, 95% na yawan - shi ne Czechs. Sun riƙe nasu kasa hadisai. Great girma da kuma girmama dadin da ilmi game da tarihi tushen, wanda zai iya zama girman kai na Jamhuriyar Czech. A harshen kasar - Czech. Ya ce mutanen wannan jiha, duk da manyan abun da ke ciki wakilci Dogayen sanda da kuma Slovaks, Roma, Jamus da kuma Yahudawa. Hakika, su ne 'yan tsiraru, duk da haka, suna da cikakken fledged' yan asalin kasar.

Don kwanan wata, kasar ta yawan na Jamhuriyar Czech yana amfani da su domin sadarwa da uku mafi yaruka gama gari tsakanin kungiyar. A nan, mutane magana, gabas, da kuma Czech srednemoravskom. A jihar harshe na kasa ya iya tsira da karni lalacewar da Germanization. Its Tarurrukan faru a cikin 18th karni a matsayin wallafe-wallafen. Amma sai da Czech ƙara fara shiga a cikin rayuwar talakawa mutane, juya a cikin wani kullum.

Don kwanan wata, jihar da harshen na kasar sauti a kan titunan garuruwanta. Sun mutane a lokaci guda mai kyau umurnin Turanci, da kuma mazan tsara sauƙi motsa a cikin Jamus.

Prague

Major Metropolitan yankunan da kuma rare yawon shakatawa inda ake nufi a Turai ne a babban birnin kasar na Czech kasar. A kowace shekara Prague ziyarci da fiye da miliyan 6 matafiya. A wannan marabtar da m birni da nufin samun kowa da kowa wanda ya gane da gine-gine da kuma godiya da dandano na giya.

Tun zamanin da, Prague an dauki daya daga cikin mafi kyau birane a Turai. Kuma wannan ya tabbatar da sunanta. Saboda haka, game da wannan ban mamaki birni wani lokacin ce "Golden Prague" ko "birni na mutum ɗari da spiers" da "dutse mafarki".

A babban birnin kasar na Jamhuriyar Czech - a cobbled kunkuntar tituna, ban mamaki a cikin kyakkyawa da Charles Bridge, kazalika da babbar dama daban-daban jan hankali.

Ainihin ranar asalin shi ne ba a sani ba Prague. Duk da haka, tuni a cikin 15th karni a cikin tarihin akwai ambaci na gaskiya da aka gudanar a mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Vltava da Berounka koguna. Ilimi na Prague Castle ya a cikin 9th karni. A na gaba karni, Prague ya samu matsayi na babban birnin kasar na Czech mulkin. Its m ci gaban birnin da yake cikin 12th karni., Ya zama babban birnin na Austro-Hungarian Empire.

A lokacin yakin duniya na II, da Jamus sun shagaltar da Prague. Duk da haka, an yi sa'a, da za'ayi a kan karkararta soja ba ta kai ga halakar musamman tarihi gine-gine.

A post-yaki shekaru akwai wani jirgin karkashin kasa a cikin babban birnin kasar na Jamhuriyar Czech. Crescendo aka gina sabon unguwannin.

Bayan nasarar da juyin juya halin baladi, Prague ya zama daya daga cikin rare yawon shakatawa birane a Turai. Its tarihi cibiyar aka gane ta UNESCO al'adunmu.

Don kwanan wata, jama'ar na Jamhuriyar Czech babban birnin kasar na fiye da mutane miliyan 1.3., Wanda rayuwa a 15 gundumomi, ƙidaya bisa ga nesa daga cibiyar. A kan taswira za ka iya ganin su shirya kewaye iri na agogo.

Tattalin arzikin kasar

Dalili na tattalin arzikin da Czech inji aikin injiniya da kuma lantarki, masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci da kuma baƙin ƙarfe ne da karfe masana'antu, ayyuka da kuma yi. Daya daga cikin mafi nasara to date, post-gurguzu kasashen ne Jamhuriyar Czech.

Halaye na kasar a cikin tattalin arziki da sharuddan shaida ga nasara da kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arziki a kasar. Bayan da Karammiski juyin juya halin, Czech Republic gada daga cikin Czechoslovak makamashi wanda ya kasa aiki da kuma tsabtace muhalli m samar. A waɗannan shekaru, kuma manyan wani rabo a cikin masana'antu kansu dauki ferrous metallurgy, aiki a kan shigo da albarkatun kasa, da kuma soja masana'antu da kuma inji aikin injiniya.

Game da waje cinikayya, shi ne yafi mayar da hankali kan bukatun da Tarayyar Soviet, wanda ƙwarai hampered da ci gaban tattalin arziki.

Bayan samun 'yancin kai, gwamnatin na Jamhuriyar Czech ya yi wasu manyan canje-canje. Yana soke Karkasa tsari na farashin, ya gabatar da 'yanci na kamfanoni, shafe kenkenewa na jihar na waje cinikayya, da za'ayi sayar da kamfanonin da dukiya maimaitawa. Saboda da inflow na waje zuba jari a cikin Jamhuriyar Czech ya aiwatar da guntu yiwu lokacin da zamani da kuma sake fasalin kudin na masana'antu, da kuma ya ci gaba da zama dole goyon baya da kuma fasaha kayayyakin more rayuwa.

A ranar, da Jamhuriyar Czech ya gani m girma a GDP. Wannan shi ne saboda ci gaban da masana'antu kansu da kuma rage rabo daga ferrous metallurgy da kuma samar da makomarsu soja. Idan rabo batun da mota lantarki kayayyakin. Wannan yarda da Jamhuriyar Czech su shigar da ciniki ragi. Nasarar da aka yi zai yiwu duk da m girma na shigo a cikin kasar da kuma man gas farashin.

Yana da daraja yana cewa size na kasashen waje cinikayya da capita a kasar ne sosai high, da kuma gaba da kasashe irin su Birtaniya da kuma Japan, Italiya da kuma Faransa.