Lipids - abin da yake da shi? Lipids: aiki, halaye

Lipids - abin da yake da shi? A Girkanci, da kalmar "lipids" na nufin "kananan barbashi na mai." Su ne wani rukuni na halitta mahadi kwayoyin halitta m hada da kai tsaye fats da mai-kamar abubuwa. Su ne wani ɓangare na kowane guda rai Kwayoyin kuma ya kasu kashi sauki da kuma hadadden Categories. A abun da ke ciki na sauki sia hada da barasa da kuma m acid, da kuma hadadden dauke da high kwayoyin nauyi aka gyara. Dukansu suna hade da nazarin halittu membranes, da wani sakamako a kan aiki enzymes, da kuma shiga a cikin samuwar jijiyar cewa ta da tsoka ƙanƙancewa.

Fats da hydrophobia

Daya daga cikin ayyuka na lipids , halittar wani makamashi ajiye da kwayoyin da kuma tabbatar da itãce da kangewa Properties na fata, guda biyu tare da thermal rufi kariya. Wasu mai-dauke da abu, da ciwon ba m acid, kuma gaba ka koma ga lipids, misali, shi sterols da terpenes. Lipids ba za a iya fallasa ga mai ruwa-ruwa matsakaici, amma soke readily a cikin kwayoyin da taya kamar chloroform, benzene, acetone.

Lipids, da gabatar da wanda aka gudanar lokaci zuwa lokaci a duniya taro dangane da sabon binciken, suna inexhaustible topic for nazari da kuma gudanar da bincike. The tambaya "lipids - abin da yake da shi?" Yana taba hasarar da dacewar. Duk da haka, kimiyya ci gaba ba tsaya har yanzu. Kwanan saukar da dama labari m acid, wanda suke biosynthetic dangantaka da lipids. Nau'in gudanar da mahadi iya zama da wuya saboda kama da wasu halaye, amma tare da wani gagarumin bambanci a cikin sauran sigogi. A mafi yawan lokuta, shi ne samar da wani raba rukuni, sa'an nan murmurewa overall hoto jitu hulda da alaka abubuwa.

cell membranes

Lipids - abin da shi ne cikin sharuddan da aikin nufi? Da farko, su ne wani muhimmin bangaren da suke zaune Kwayoyin kuma tsokoki na vertabrate. Mai matakai a cikin jiki ya auku tare da sa hannu na lipids, samuwar cell membranes, musayar kuma musayar sakonni a cikin extracellular yanayi, ba zasu tafi tare da m acid.

Lipids - abin da shi ne, a lokacin da kyan gani, daga matsayin spontaneously faruwa steroid hormone, da kuma phosphoinositide prostaglandins? Wannan, a sama da dukan, gaban a cikin jini jini na da cikakken m acid, wanda suke, da definition, raba gyara na sia Tsarin. Saboda da hydrophobic Properties na karshen jiki aka tilasta samar da mafi hadaddun sufuri tsarin. M acid lipids, yafi canjawa wuri a cikin hadaddun da albumin da lipoproteins da suke narkewa a cikin ruwa, suna hawa a cikin saba hanya.

rarrabuwa na lipids

Rarraba mahadi da nazarin halittu yanayi, da category - wannan tsari da ake dangantawa da wasu daga cikin al'amurran da suka shafi a karkashin shawarwari. Lipids dangane da biochemical da kuma tsarin Properties za a iya sanya su daidai ga daban-daban Categories. Basic azuzuwan na lipids hada da sauki da kuma hadadden mahadi.

By kawai sun hada da:

• Glycerides - da glycerol esters barasa da kuma m acid daga cikin mafi girma category.
• Waxes - mafi girma m acid ester da 2-zarra barasa.

Complex lipids:

• Phospholipid mahadi - tare da hada da nitrogen aka gyara, glycerophospholipids, ofingolipidy.
• Glycolipids - suna located a cikin matsanancin yadudduka da nazarin halittu kwayoyin.
• Steroids - sosai aiki abubuwa na dabba bakan.
• Complex fats - sterols, lipoproteins, sulfolipids, aminolipids, glycerol, hydrocarbons.

aiki

Sia fats bauta a matsayin abu don cell membranes. Da hannu a kai na daban-daban abubuwa a kan periphery na jiki. Na jiki mai dogara ne a kan sia tsarin taimaka kare jiki daga hypothermia. Da aiki na samar da makamashi tanadi "a ajiye".

Fat reserves sun mayar da hankali a cikin cell cytoplasm a cikin nau'i na droplets. Vertabrate kuma mutumin musamman, da musamman Kwayoyin - adipocytes, wanda suke iya dauke da wani yawa na mai. Sakawa mai jari a adipocytes ne saboda lipoid enzymes.

nazarin halittu ayyuka

Fat ne ba kawai a dogara tushen samar da makamashi, shi ma yana da insulating Properties, taimaka da ilmin halitta. A lipids haka damar cimma da dama amfani fasali kamar wata halitta sanyaya na jiki ko, conversely, ta rufi. A arewacin yankunan, aka halin low yanayin zafi, dukan dabbobi tara mai cewa an ajiye duk kan jiki a ko'ina, haka samar da wata halitta m Layer cewa ya yi aikin aiki na thermal kariya. Wannan yana da muhimmanci musamman ga manyan marine dabbobi: Whales, walruses, like.

Animals cewa rayuwa a cikin zafi kasashe, kuma tara jiki mai, amma su ba su rarraba a ko'ina cikin jiki, da kuma sun mayar da hankali a wasu wurare. Alal misali, mai raƙuma faruwa a cikin humps, dabbobi a cikin hamada - a lokacin farin ciki, short wutsiya. Nature ne m da kuma dace jeri na kitse da kuma ruwa a rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.

A tsarin aiki na lipids

All matakai alaka da aiki na jiki, batun wasu dokoki. Phospholipids su ne tushen da nazarin halittu Layer na cell membranes da cholesterol shirya fluidity daga wadannan membranes. Saboda haka, mafi yawan rai Kwayoyin aka kewaye da wani jini membrane da biyu Layer na lipids. Irin wannan taro yana da muhimmanci ga al'ada cell aiki. A daya daga cikin nazarin halittu membrane microparticle ƙunshi fiye da miliyan na sia kwayoyin cewa mallaka dual halaye: lalle sũ biyun hydrophobic da hydrophilic. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, wadannan suna da tarayyar m Properties na nonequilibrium yanayi, sabili da haka su aiki ne quite ma'ana. A lipids a cikin cell - shi ne mai tasiri na halitta iko. A hydrophobic Layer ne yawanci mamaye jikin tantanin kuma kare da shigar azzakari cikin farji daga cutarwa ions.

Glycerophospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol ta kara taimakawa ga impermeability daga cikin sel. A masana'anta Tsarin suna located sauran membrane lipids, sphingomyelin kuma shi ne sfingoglikolipid. Kowane abu yana da wani takamaiman aiki.

Lipids a cikin mutum rage cin abinci

Triglycerides - fats tsaka tsaki hali, suna da wani tasiri tushen samar da makamashi. Cikakken m acid da nama da kiwo kayayyakin. A m acid, amma unsaturated samu a kwayoyi, sunflower da man zaitun, da masara tsaba da kuma hatsi. Saboda haka cewa jiki ba ya tãyar da matakan cholesterol, shi ne shawarar da kullum na kullum na dabba fats yana da iyaka zuwa 10 bisa dari.

Lipids, da kuma carbohydrates

Mutane da yawa dabba kwayoyin "tari" fats a wasu maki, da subcutaneous nama, a cikin folds na fata, da kuma sauran wurare. Hadawan abu da iskar shaka na lipids irin wannan kitse ne jinkirin, sabili da haka da aiwatar da su canji a cikin carbon dioxide da ruwa damar samun gagarumin adadin kuzari ne kusan sau biyu fiye da zai iya bayar da carbohydrates. Bugu da ƙari, cikin hydrophobic Properties na kitse kawar da bukatar yin amfani da babban yawa daga ruwa zuwa karfafa hydration. Hasken Rana mai zamani ya auku a samar da makamashi "bushe." Duk da haka fats ne sosai a hankali cikin sharuddan makamashi saki, kuma sun fi dace domin dabba a Jihar rashin himma. Lipids da carbohydrates, kamar gaba da juna a kan aiwatar da kwayoyin.