Macrolides. Rarrabuwa (Semi-roba, na halitta da kuma azalides)

Macrocyclic lactone zobe - shi ne tushen da sinadaran tsarin na kungiyar maganin rigakafi macrolides. A rarrabuwa ya shafi rabuwa a 14, 15 da kuma 16-membered. Wadannan maganin rigakafi an dauke su kalla mai guba.

Macrolides. Rarrabuwa da irin asalin

Halitta macrolides:

Macrolide "Erythromycin" - wannan shi ne na farko bacteriostatic kwayoyin, wanda alama farkon babban rukuni. Yana da aka samu a shekarar 1952 daga Streptomyces erythreus - gona actinomycetes. Saboda macrolide "Erythromycin" yana da dukiya na reversibly dauri ga ribosomal 50s-subunit, wannan ya saba da samuwar peptide bond tsakanin amino acid kwayoyin yanayi da kuma aikata aikin tarewa gina jiki kira na daban-daban kwayoyin. Kamar wancan kwayoyin "Erythromycin" ba da tasiri da kira (fili) nucleic acid. A high allurai, a game da wasu iri kwayoyin iya samun bactericidal sakamako.

Macrolide "Spiramycin" - shi ne mai kwayoyin da aka samu daga Streptomyces ambofaciens actinomycetes, ya - na farko na rukuni na 16-membered macrolides. Lactone zobe - shi ne tsarin tushen shirye-shiryen "Spiramycin". Ya kunshi 16 carbon atoms (C) to wanda suna a haɗe uku carbohydrate saura: mycarose, mycaminose da forosamine. Shirye-shirye da ciwon a cikin abun da ke ciki spiramycin aiki abu rarraba a Canada, Latin Amurka da kuma Turai.

Macrolide "Josamycin" - wani kwayoyin, wani wakilin kungiyar na 16-membered macrolides. Samar da Streptomyces narbonensis. Shi yana da wani sakamako na bactericidal hali. Yana damuarn gina jiki kira na mahadi, ya hana kulle RNA (kai) da kuma haɗa zuwa 50s-ribosomal subunit membrane, game da shi tarewa da musayar peptides daga cibiyar A. halatta a lura da cututtuka a ciki.

Semi-roba macrolides:

Macrolide "Roxithromycin" - wannan shi ne na farko Semi-roba 14-membered atibiotik. Yana da aka samu daga macrolide "Erythromycin". Features na tsarin ba shi da wani mafi girma da juriya ga acid, microbiological da kuma inganta pharmacokinetic sigogi.

Macrolide "Clarithromycin" - a 14-membered kwayoyin, macrolide wanda aka samu "Erythromycin". Yana inganta juriya ga acid da kuma inganta pharmacokinetic da antibacterial Properties.

Halitta-kwayoyin macrolides ne sosai aiki da gram-tabbatacce, wasu gram-korau kuma kwayuka kwayoyin. A zamani macrolides kamar Semi-roba, mafi aiki da Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, anaerobic microflora da mura bacillus.

Kuma a karshe, da azalides - latest ƙarni macrolides:

Kwayoyin "Azithromycin" tana nufin wani subclass azalides cewa ne dan kadan daban-daban a cikin tsarin da na al'ada da macrolides. Zobe a macrolide "Azithromycin" babu lactone, amma 15-membered. Kislotoustoychivot shi qara har zuwa sau 300 idan aka kwatanta da kwayoyin, "Erythromycin".

Macrolides. Nau'in ƙarnõni:

1st - kwayoyi "oleandomycin" "Erythromycin".
2nd - macrolides "Roxithromycin", "Spiramycin", "Josamycin", "midecamycin", "Clarithromycin".
3rd - macrolide "Azithromycin".

Alamomi macrolide kungiyar na maganin rigakafi. Nau'in Cututtuka

Wadanda suka shafi numfashi tsarin: m sinusitis, streptococcal tonzillofaringit, al'umma-samu ciwon huhu, exacerbation na mashako, whooping tari, diphtheria.

Fata da kuma taushi nama: syphilis, chlamydia, lymphogranuloma venereum, chancroid, kuraje.

Baka rami: periodontitis da periostitis.

Tsarin narkewa kamar: Campylobacter gastroenteritis, a ciki miki.

Har ila yau macrolides amfani don rigakafin wadannan cututtuka: pertussis, meningitis, rheumatic zazzabi, endocarditis.