Mafi shahara explorers, kuma su binciken

Tafiya ta ko da yaushe janyo hankalin mutane, amma kafin su ba kawai ban sha'awa, amma kuma da wuya matuƙa. Ƙasa ba a karatu, da kuma, za kuwa a kan tafiya, kowa da kowa ya zama mai bincike. Mene ne mafi shahara matafiya da kuma musamman cewa bude kowanne daga cikinsu?

Dzheyms Kuk

Known Banasare kasance daya daga cikin mafi kyau cartographers na karni na sha takwas. Ya aka haife shi a arewacin Ingila, kuma a yanzu su goma sha uku shekaru fara aiki tare da mahaifinsa. Amma yaron bai iya kasuwanci, don haka ya yanke shawarar dauka sailing. A waɗannan kwanaki, duk na sani duniya matafiyi aika zuwa ƙasashe masu nisa a kan jirãge. James zama sha'awar Maritime harkokin da haka da sauri cigaban ta da darajõji, da aka tambaye shi ya zama kyaftin. Ya ƙi, kuma ya tafi zuwa ga Royal Navy. Tuni a 1757, ya zama wani talented dafa don sarrafa jirgin. Da farko nasara ya ci gaba da St. Lawrence River Fairway. Ya gano ya iyawa navigator da cartographer. A cikin 1760s ya yi karatu Newfoundland, abin da kusantar da hankalin da Royal Society da Admiralty. Ya aka umurce ka yi tafiya a fadin Pacific, inda ya isa bakin tekun na New Zealand. A 1770, ya yi abin da ya farko ya nemi sauran shahararrun matafiya - gano wani sabon nahiyar. A Ingila a 1771-m Cook koma shahara majagaba na Australia. Ya karshe tafiya shi da balaguro a search na da nassi a haɗa da Atlantic da kuma Pacific tekuna. Yau, ko da an makaranta sani da bakin ciki rabo daga Cook, wanda aka kashe mazauni ne cannibals.

Hristofor Kolumb

Famous explorers, kuma su binciken sun ko da yaushe yana da babba da tasiri a cikin shakka daga tarihi, amma 'yan sun kasance haka shahara kamar wannan mutumin. Columbus ya zama na kasa gwarzo a Spain, decisively fadada taswirar ƙasar. Christopher aka haife shi a 1451. Yaron da sauri samu nasara, kamar yadda wani m da kuma da-karatu. Riga a shekaru 14, ya tafi zuwa teku. A 1479th, sai ya sadu da kauna da fara rayuwa a Portugal, amma bayan da ban tausayi mutuwar matarsa da kuma dan tafi Spain. Bayan samu da goyon bayan da Spanish sarki, sai ya tafi a kan wani balaguro wanda manufarsa shine a sami hanyar zuwa Asia. Uku jirgi ya gudãna daga tekun na Spain zuwa yamma. A watan Oktoba 1492 na biyu suka samu da Bahamas. Tun America da aka gano. Christopher yan unguwa kuskure yanke shawarar kira da Indians, imani da cewa kai Indiya. Ya rahoton ya canza tarihi: biyu sabon nahiyoyi da yawa tsibiran, ya gano da Columbus, su ne babban shugabanci na tafiya daga cikin Turawan mulkin mallaka a cikin gaba 'yan ƙarni.

Vasco da Gama

Mafi shahara matafiyi wanda aka haifa a Portugal, Sines. A daidai ranar da aka haife ba a sani. Daga wani matashi, ya yi aiki a cikin Navy kuma ya zama shahararren matsayin kai m, kuma m kyaftin. A 1495 a Portugal zo iko Korol Manuel, wanda ya so ya ci gaba cinikayya da India. Don yin wannan, mu da ake bukata a teku hanya, a search na wanda ya je Vasco da Gama. Akwai karin shahara explorers, kuma matafiya, amma sarki saboda wasu dalilai ya zaɓi shi. A 1497, hudu daga jirgi ya tafi kudu, taso keya da Cape of Good Hope da kuma shiga jirgin ruwa zuwa Mozambique. Akwai ya daina domin a watan - rabin tawagar a wannan lokaci shi da lafiya tare da scurvy. Bayan da hutu, Vasco da Gama kai Calcutta. A Indiya, shi ne kafa ciniki dangantaka watanni uku, kuma mai shekara daga baya ya koma Portugal, inda ya zama na kasa gwarzo. A samu daga teku hanya, ba ka damar samun to Calcutta da gabas Coast na Afirka, ya mafi girma da nasara.

Nikolai Maclay

Famous Rasha matafiya kuma sanya da yawa muhimmanci binciken. Alal misali, wannan Nicholas Mihluho-Maclay, wanda aka haifa a 1864 a cikin Novgorod lardin. Ya bai iya gama da St. Petersburg University, kamar yadda na musharaka cikin dalibi zanga-zangar, ya aka fitar. Domin ci gaba na ilimi da Nikolay je Jamus, inda ya gana da Haeckal - halittu wanda gayyace Maclay a cikin kimiyya balaguro. Saboda haka yawo cikin duniya bude har zuwa gare shi. Dukan ransa aka kishin tafiya da kuma gudanar da bincike. Nicholas zauna a Sicily, a Australia, karatu New Guinea, embodying da aikin na Rasha Kasa Society, ziyarci Indonesia, da Philippines, da Malay Larabawa da kuma a Oceania. A 1886, masana kimiyya ya koma Rasha da kuma shawarar da sarki ya samu a Rasha mallaka kasashen waje. Amma da aikin tare da New Guinea bai samu sarauta support, da kuma Maclay zama tsanani da rashin lafiya, ta mutu, don haka bai kammala ta aiki a kan wani littafin game da tafiya.

Ferdinand Magellan

Yawancin shahararrun explorers, kuma matafiya rayu a cikin Age na Discovery. Magellan ne ba togiya. A 1480 da aka haife shi a Portugal, a Sabroza. Aika zuwa bauta a kotu (a wancan lokaci ya kasance kawai 12 years old), ya koya game da adawa tsakanin gida kasar da kuma Spain, tafiya zuwa Gabas Indies da cinikayya hanyoyi. Tun da ya fara zama sha'awar a cikin teku. A 1505-m Fernand buga jirgin. Shekara bakwai bayan da ya plied tekuna, halarci expeditions zuwa Indiya da kuma Afirka. A 1513 Magellan ya tafi zuwa Morocco, inda aka yi masa rauni a wajen yaki. Amma shi bai mutu craving for tafiya - ya shirya da balaguro da kayan yaji. Sarki ƙaryata addu'a, kuma Magellan ya tafi Spain, inda ya samu dole goyon bayan. Kamar wancan ne ya fara tafiya, a duniya. Fernand tunani zai iya zama guntu fiye da hanya daga yamma zuwa India. Ya haye Atlantic, kai ta Kudu da Amurka da kuma gano ta matsatsiyar, wanda daga baya za a kira ta da sunansa. Ferdinand Magellan shi ne na farko Turai da suka ga Pacific Ocean. A cewar shi, da ya isa ga Philippines da kuma kusan kai makasudin - da Moluccas, amma an kashe shi a yaƙi da gida kabilu, rauni guba kibiya. Duk da haka, tafiya ya bude wani sabon teku Turai da kuma fahimtar cewa duniya ne sosai fiye da masana kimiyya tunani kafin.

Roald Amundsen

Norwegian haife a karshen zamanin a wadda shahara ga da yawa shahara matafiya. Amundsen shi ne na karshe daga cikin jirgin, wanda aka ƙoƙarin nemo wadda ba'a gano ta ƙasar. Daga yara a kan daban-daban tenacity da ĩmãni a kwarewarsu da ya sa shi ya yi nasara da ta Kudu yanayin iyakacin duniya. A farkon na hanyar dangantaka da 1893, lokacin da yaron bar jami'a kuma ya dauki wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa. A 1896 da ya zama co-direba, kuma a shekara ya tafi a kan ta farko da balaguro zuwa Antarctic. A jirgin da aka rasa a cikin kankara, da tawagar shi da lafiya tare da scurvy, amma Amundsen bai daina. Ya dauki umurnin kansu, to warkar da mutane, tunawa da likita ilimi, da kuma kawo jirgin baya zuwa Turai. Zama kyaftin a 1903, sai ya tafi a search na Arewa maso yamma nassi a Canada. Famous explorers kafin shi ya taba sanya wani abu kamar shi - a cikin shekaru biyu da tawagar ta shawo kan hanya daga gabas na Amurka nahiyar ta zuwa yamma. Amundsen zama sananne a ko'ina cikin duniya. Bayan wani tsawon wata biyu balaguro fara tafiya zuwa ga Kudu da, da kuma yanzu da latest - Search Nobile, a lokacin da ya tafi bace.

David Livingstone

Yawancin shahararrun matafiya dangantawa da seafaring. David Livingstone ya zama mai bincike na ƙasar, wato nahiyar Afirka. Shahararren Scotsman haife shi a Maris 1813. A shekaru 20 da ya yanke shawarar zama a mishan, ya gana da Robert Moffat kuma so in tafi zuwa ga Afirka kauyuka. A 1841 da ya isa a Kuruman, inda ya sanar da yan unguwa da aikin noma, aiki a matsayin likita da kuma koyi karanta. Akwai ya koyi harshen Bechuanas, wanda ya taimake shi ya yi tafiya ta Afirka. Livingston karatu a daki-daki, ga rayuwa da al'adu na gida mutane, ya rubuta littattafai da dama game da su, kuma ya tafi a kan wani balaguro a search na kafofin na Nile, inda da marasa lafiya kuma ya mutu da wani zazzabi.

Amerigo Vespucci

Mafi shahara matafiya na duniya sau da yawa ya zo daga Spain ko Portugal. Amerigo Vespucci aka haife shi a Italiya, kuma ya kasance daya daga cikin shahararrun Florentines. Ya aka da ilimi da kuma horar da matsayin kudaden. Daga 1490 ya yi aiki a Seville, a cikin tallace-tallace ofishin na Medici. Ransa ya aka hade da teku tafiya, misali, ya dauki nauyin wani, na biyu balaguro na Columbus. Christopher shuka a cikin shi da ra'ayin kokarin hannunsa kamar yadda wani matafiyi, da kuma a 1499-m Vespucci tafi Suriname. Manufar na binciken da aka yin iyo da shoreline. Akwai ya gano wani shiri da ake kira Venezuela - Little Venice. A 1500, sai ya koma gida, ya kawo 200 bayi. A 1501 da kuma 1503 shekaru. Amerigo maimaita masa tafiya, magana ba kawai kewayawa amma kuma a cartographer. Ya gano bay na Rio de Janeiro, wanda ya ba da sunan kansa. Daga 1505 ya bauta wa sarki na Castile, kuma aka ba da hannu a cikin kamfen kawai ya kasancẽwa daga wani balaguro.

Frensis Dreyk

Yawancin shahararrun explorers, kuma su binciken haifa amfana bil'adama. Kuma daga gare su akwai waɗanda suka barshi nasu da kuma mummunan tunanin saboda su sunayen da aka hade da wani fairly m events. Ba ta kasance ba wani togiya da Frensis Dreyk, English Protestant, tare da goma sha biyu ze tashi jiragen. Ya kama yan unguwa a cikin Caribbean, da sayar da su a matsayin bayi da Spain, sun kai hari a kotu, suka yi yaƙi da Katolika. Zai yiwu babu wanda zai iya cim tare da Drake a kan yawan kama waje jiragen ruwa. Ya tafiye-tafiye ta dauki nauyin da Sarauniyar Ingila. A 1577, ya tafi zuwa kudancin Amirka, su kayar da Spanish shiri. A lokacin tafiya, sai ya sãmi da Tierra del Fuego da mashigar, wadda aka baya mai suna bayan shi. Skirting Argentina, Drake washe tashar jiragen ruwa na Valparaiso, da kuma biyu Spanish tasoshin. Lokacin da suka isa California, ya sadu Aborigines wanda ya gabatar da kyauta ga Birtaniya taba da gashinsa. Drake haye tekun Indiya da kuma mayar da su zuwa Plymouth, zama na farko da 'yan qasar na Birtaniya ya kasance a cikin wata duniya yawon shakatawa. Ya aka shigar ga House of Commons da aka bayar da lakabi na Sir. A 1595, ya rasu a karshe yaƙin neman zaɓe a Caribbean.

Athanasius Nikitin

'Yan shahara matafiya Rasha cimma wannan Heights kamar yadda' yan qasar na Tver ƙasar. Athanasius Nikitin ya zama na farko Turai zuwa ziyarci Indiya. Ya yi tafiya zuwa Portuguese Turawan mulkin mallaka da kuma rubuta "Journey Beyond Three Tekuna" - mai muhimmanci da wallafe-wallafen da kuma tarihi abin tunawa. Nasarar da balaguro bayar da wani aiki m: Athanasius san harsuna da dama, kuma ya iya gudanar da shawarwari tare da mutane. A cikin tafiya, ya ziyarci Baku, ya rayu a Farisa domin kusan shekaru biyu da ya kai India ta jirgin. Bayan ziyartar dama birane m kasar, ya tafi zuwa Parvat, inda ya zauna na tsawon shekaru shida. Da zarar lardin Raichur, ya tafi zuwa Rasha, inda ya bude hanya ta kasar Larabawa da kuma Somali. Duk da haka, Athanasius Nikitin taba sanya shi gida, kamar yadda da rashin lafiya kuma ya rasu kusa da Smolensk, amma ya bayanin kula ana kiyaye su da kuma bayar da m duniya daraja.