Majalisar Dattawa da kuma taron majalisar Krista gini a St. Petersburg: reviews, bayyanai, tarihi da kuma m

Daya daga cikin gine-gine da ban mamaki halittun da Arewa babban birnin kasar da aka dauke su cikin ginin majalisar dattijai da kuma taron majalisar Krista. A St. Petersburg, da yawa ban mamaki gine-gine, duk da haka wannan shi ne na karshe manyan aikin daga cikin shahararrun m Rossi ya zama wata alama ce da marigayi classicism.

Siffar

A gaskiya, shi ne ba daya ba, amma biyu gine-gine, wanda yanzu sõyayya a karkashin daya sunan - ginin majalisar dattijai da kuma taron majalisar Krista. A St. Petersburg, kafin biyu jihar administrative iko na Rasha Empire sun kasance a cikin gini daga cikin sha biyun kwalejojin. Duk da haka, bayan gina a 1823, tsohon gini na Admiralty ba corresponded zuwa sabon look, wanda ya samu da majalisar dattijai yankin. Akwai wani gaggawa bukatar ta maimaitawa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a 1824 a gasar da aka sanar ga aikin, a cikin abin da aka shirya gina wani sabon ginin na majalisar dattijai da majalisar Krista.

A St. Petersburg, na farko da dutse da aka dage farawa a cikin shiri na 24 Agusta 1829. A farko mun fara gina yi nufi ga majalisar dattijai, da kuma a shekara daga baya ya fara da zuwa taron majalisar Krista na tsarin. Construction da aka kammala a 1834. A m na ginin majalisar dattijai da kuma taron majalisar Krista - Karl Ivanovich Rossi. Yi aiki a kan aikin jagorancin Alexander Shtaubert.

Prehistory

Da farko, shafin na yanzu majalisar dattijai da majalisar Krista located rabin timbered gidan, mallakar Alexander Menshikov, da kuma gaba - qasaita, wanda sarrafawa da m matar Kusovnikova. Lokacin da serene Martaba Prince ya wulãkantuwa, ya Estate a kan Neva River da aka canja a cikin mallaki mataimakin-kansila A. I. Ostermana. Wani lokaci daga baya, a 1744, tsarin da aka bai wa Elizabeth A. Bestuzhev-Ryumin. Chancellor kerata da shi, izini da m A. Vista don gina wani gidan a cikin Baroque style.

A 1763, lokacin da ya hau gadon sarautar Catherine II, tsarin da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga baitul. A wannan gini kusan nan da nan ya koma zuwa ga majalisar dattijai. Tun 1780 zuwa 1790 a lokacin da shiri na Baroque Bestuzhev-Ryumin shi aka sake gyara: facades samu wani sabon gine-gine da magani, na hali na Rasha classicism.

Sunan karshe marubucin na aikin, a cikin abin da maimaitawa na ginin da aka za'ayi, ba su sani ba bisa ga yaƙĩni. Duk da haka, kuna hukunta daga tsira a cikin Academy of Fine Arts Museum tarin zane na yamma facade, da m ciyar tasowa I.Starov.

Tarihi na halitta

A lokacin da a 1823 da m Zakharov gama da monumental Admiralty ginin, akwai bukatar sake fasalin uku yankunan tsakiya da arewacin babban birnin kasar: Majalisar Dattijan (yanzu Decembrists), da Palace da kuma Admiralty, inda Alexander Aljanna aka dage farawa daga cikin marigayi karni na sha tara. Making riga ya wanzu a wannan lokaci a gida, wanda housed majalisar dattijai, ba saduwa da nan-sikelin, da kuma sauran gine-gine da kuma girmamãwa daga cibiyar birnin. Kuma saboda shi ake bukata maimaitawa.

Ya domin na sarki, sa'an nan a kan kursiyin ya Nicholas I, fara gina wani sabon gida ga majalisar dattijai a kan wani guda image, zuwa ga Janar Staff gini, da majalisar dattijai, da taron majalisar Krista a St. Petersburg aka za'ayi a cikin wani guda gine-gine da bayani. Saboda haka, to da na karshe gidan m Kusovnikovoy aka saya. Kuma a cikin wuri na gidan Bestuzhev-Ryumin ya yanke shawarar ya yi wani gini na majalisar dattijai.

aikin Selection

A 1828 a gasar da aka sanar. Yana da aka samu halartar Vasily Stasov, Pol Zhako, Smaragd Shustov, Vasily Glinka kuma, ba shakka, Rasha. Majalisar Dattawa da kuma taron majalisar Krista gini a zane contestants da wani iri-iri mafita. Alal misali, Jaco miƙa wa gina daya kowa ginin, wanda zai zama kamar LOUVRE gallery, Stas ya shirya domin sake gina kawai tsohon gida na Bestuzhev-Ryumin. Rossi kuma sanya wani aikin na biyu hasumiya, da a haɗa su don juna baka zane. Kuma shi ne don haka a yau muna ganin ginin majalisar dattijai da kuma taron majalisar Krista.

Architect da sculptor

Goma sha takwas Fabrairu 1829 da aikin da aka amince da Rossi. Babban aiki na m ya ba ginin da harafin m zuwa sararin yanki a kan wanda shi ya tsaya. Riga a karshen watan Agusta da kauri kwanciya daga cikin gidan, wanda ya kamata ya gudu majalisar dattijai. Kafuwar gini aza a commemorative plaque cewa facade jawo amince da zatinsa, mallakar Carlo Rossi. Builder aka kuma nada wani sanannen m - A. Shtaubert. Haka kuma, bisa ga aikin, wannan gini ne sosai organically hada da wani bango da kuma kiyaye su daga gida Bestuzhev-Rumin. Kuma a watan Agusta 1830, bayan gudanar da sayen gidan Kusovnikovoy zuwa jihar taskar, da shiri na taron majalisar Krista na ginin ya fara a wurinsa

A watan Yuli, 1831 Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas I amince da aikin da sculptural ado. A wannan yanayin, mai raba nuni da aka bai da cewa Figures aka nuna ba "girma", da kuma wurin zama. Bugu da kari, suna da za a sa a cikin kayayyakin gargajiya da tufafi, misali, a wani Toga, da kuma cire duk kofuna da dama da inscriptions a kan littattafai.

Sculptural Rijistar daukan kawai 'yan artists - S. Pimenov, V. Demuth-Malinovsky tare da P. Sokolov, taimaka da N. Tokarev da P. gubar da sauransu. Ustinov aka halitta da sculptor tushen a cikin na farko alcove a bar mutum-mutumi na "Bangaskiya". Sokolov sassaka "yin ibada" da kuma Pimenov - da "Dokar" da "Justice".

Manya da zaki masks, kazalika da sauran abubuwa na ado ake yi da hannu Torricelli. A sculptural abun da ke ciki ne dake a cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi, kazalika da "yan baiwa" littattafan dokokin aiki Demuth-Malinovsky jefa jan factory Byrd.

yi

Saka kafin gine-ginen da magina da aiki na bada ginin da hali na Majalisar Dattijan bisa ga yawa daga cikin majalisar dattijai Square, an warware tare da babban fasaha da kuma tare da wani daidai gabar sikelin. A facade na wani babban isa tsawon don samun Rasha marubucin na aikin ƙara da tsawo na gine-gine har zuwa takwas da rabi fathoms. Dole ne in ce cewa sauran gine-gine na Admiralty muhimmanci ƙananan fiye da ginin majalisar dattijai - by kamar yadda mutum ɗari biyu da goma santimita. A farkon Oktoba 1832 da gine-gine da aka tsaya, kuma nan da nan ya fara ciki na biyu gine-gine. A watan Fabrairu na gaba shekara da sarki da kaina jajirce dubawa wurare. Kuma a cikin 1934, ginin da aka a karshe kammala.

Features

A tsakiyar facade abun da ke ciki, gyare-gyaren da grandiose sikelin da kuma muhimmancin da Majalisar Dattawa Square, Rossi yanke shawarar yin m baka, jefa a kan Galernaya titi. Yana danganta biyu gine-gine a cikin guda gine-gine. Domin ta rajista Karl Ivanovich amfani da daya daga cikinsu kamar yadda a baya ƙirƙira shi, amma ba a aiwatar da baka da zabin bayar da General Staff. Wannan gine-gine da bayani sarrafa tushen m muhimmanci karami nisa a kwatance. A wannan yanayin, muhimmi yanayin da abun da ke ciki na babban rabo m An cikakken kiyaye su.

baka

Yana integrates ginin majalisar dattijai da kuma taron majalisar Krista, da kuma kammala da wani sassaka dake a cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi da wani Multi-mataki. "Justice da taƙawa", wato abin da ake kira sana'a Pimenov, V. Demuth-Malinovsky da AP Sokolov, alama ce ta hadin kan biyu iko - da coci da kuma wadanda mutane. Sama da wannan abun da ke ciki sculptors yi aiki domin game da wani shekara. Bugu da kari mata, kan baka, da kuma adadi ne har yanzu shigar, allegorically nufin 'yan baiwa wanda kiyaye Shari'a. "

A daidai wannan ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi ne uku Bas-taimako - "ƙungiyoyin dokar", "Law of Allah", kazalika da "halitta dokar." Da ban sha'awa sosai ga wuri. A cikin cibiyar, kamar sama da baka, emblazoned comparatively manyan Bas-da ake kira "yakin dokar." Daga cikin hotunan samuwa a kan shi, karin busts Bitrus Mai girma da Catherine II.

description

A m na majalisar dattijai da kuma taron majalisar Krista gine-gine - Rasha - Ya azurta cikin sharuddan uku-storey rectangular da shirayuna. Dada kyau da kuma gaggarumar staircases tare da tudun lodi sanya daga dutse, ado da ƙofar. Abin mamaki arziki haske da launi sakamako da aka halitta ta cikin sãɓãwar protruding sassa a kan facades na gine-gine da kuma maharibai. Wannan shi ne mai yawa taimako, da kuma da yawa moldings.

Majalisar Krista fronted ginin ta biyu da yawo des Inglés, da kuma wani tsohon majalisar dattijai Square. A general, masana sun yi imanin mai ban sha'awa gine-gine da zane na wannan ɓangare na ginin. Its taso kusurwa. An yi wa ado da monumental colonnade, waɗanda ake ƙãgãwa a cikin na farko bene, kuma tattara takwas ginshikan da Corinthian domin, mai laushi kwana wanda aka kammala, bisa ga marubuta daga cikin aikin tako ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi. Wannan gine-gine da bayani banmamaki enriching line cikin yawo des Inglés, ba shi da wani mai arziki look.

Babu kasa ban sha'awa shi ne ta zane da kuma tsohon dakin taro a majalisar dattijai gini, da ganuwar da aka yi wa ado da caryatids da pilasters na stucco, kazalika da girgije ne, abin da ya sa zanen artist B. Medici. A tsakiyar kasance a kursiyin studded da haske Crimson kyalle.

bayan juyin juya hali

A shekara ta 1919, majalisar dattijai da kuma taron majalisar Krista soke. Tun shekara ta 1925 da Jamhuriyar Historical Archives aka located a cikin ginin. A 1936, ginin majalisar dattijai da kuma taron majalisar Krista fara mayar da facades an mayar da sassaka, da kuma a shekara daga baya ya fara sabunta sa hannu grand bene. A lokacin yakin, biyu gine-gine da aka buga wuya. Sun samu 'yan manyan bindigogi bawo da ya sa nauyi lalacewar gine-gine. Kusan Synodal coci da aka hallaka.

A sabuntawa ayyukan fara a cikin bazara na shekarar 1944 - kafin karshen yaki. A shekara ta 2006, Historical Archives motsa, da kuma ginin Majalisar Dattawa da kuma taron majalisar Krista da aka kira da kotun tsarin na Rasha Federation. Yau, akwai wani shugaban kasa Library.

yana da ban sha'awa

Kuna hukunta daga takardun, da sayan gidan m Kusovnikovoy kudin da baitulmali na gidan sarki a cikin unprecedented adadin lokaci - ɗari shida da dubu, yayin da a 1796-m mãkirci aka kiyasta kawai bakwai da rabi dubu. The uwar gida, proznav cewa a wuri ta gidan za a gina gini na majalisar Krista yanke shawarar Jack up farashin, ban da jimlar adadin cin hanci da ya hada da mutane da yawa jami'an.

Duk da yake aiki a kan song "Justice da taƙawa," da sculptor na ginin majalisar dattijai da kuma taron majalisar Krista Pimenov mutu. Aikinsa da aka kammala da ɗansa.