Maria Bochkareva. Mata bataliya na mutuwa. Tsarist Rasha. labarin

Game da wannan ban mamaki mace ke tafiya don haka da yawa Legends, yana da wuya a ce tare da cikakken yaƙĩni abin gaskiya ne, kuma abin da yake almarar. Amma an san cewa wata sauki baƙauye, amma a karshen rayuwa suna da ilimi, King George V a lokacin mai zaman kansa sauraro kira "Rasha Joan na Arc" da kuma shugaban kasar Amurka Woodrow Wilson abin da aka sani samu a fadar White House. Sunanta - Bochkarova Mariya Leontevna. Fate ya shirya ta da daraja na zama mace ta farko jami'in a cikin Rasha sojojin.

Yara, matasa, da kuma kawai soyayya

Mata bataliya gaba heroine aka haife shi a wani baƙauye iyali a kauyen St. Nicholas Novgorod lardin. Ta na uku, yaro da mahaifansa biyu; Suka zauna daga hannunka zuwa bakin da su ko ta yaya inganta su wuri, koma Siberia, inda gwamnatin a cikin wadanda shekaru kaddamar da wani shirin agaza. Amma tsammanin aka ba hadu, kuma ya sayar da suka wuce haddi tafi tare da wani mabukaci, Mary aure farkon rashin kauna mutum, kuma baicin, ko bugu. Daga shi kuma ya je wurinta sunan - Bochkareva.

Jimawa matasa mace raba har abada m wa mijinta, kuma yana farawa da wani free rayuwa. A sa'an nan da ta hadu ta farko da na karshe soyayya a rayuwa. Abin baƙin ciki, maza Mary fatally m: idan na farko ya mashayi, na biyu kuwa shi ne mafi real dan daba suka dauki bangare a cikin fashi tare da wani gungu na "hunghutz" - Yan gudun hijira daga kasar Sin da kuma Manchuria. Amma kamar yadda suka faɗa, soyayya ne mugunta ... sunansa ya Yankel (Yakubu) Beech. Lokacin da ya karshe an kama shi, kuma da rakiyar zuwa kotu a Yakutsk, Maria Bochkareva ya bi shi, kamar matan Decembrists.

Amma matsananciyar Yankel ya incorrigible kuma ko da shiri farauta buying sace kaya, da kuma daga baya-sace. Don ajiye ta lover daga wasu kurkuku, Maria aka tilasta cede dama daga cikin gida gwamnan, amma ta ba zai iya tsira da tilasta canji - kokarin kashe shi da guba da shi. Ƙare labarin ta soyayya bakin ciki: Beech, koyi game da abin da ya faru a cikin zãfi na da kishi, ya yi kokarin kashe Gwamnan. Ya aka yi kokari da kuma aiki a karkashin rakiya zuwa secluded m wuri. More Maria ba su gani shi.

A gaban da sirri izni da Sarkin sarakuna

A labarai na fashewa yakin duniya na farko ya sa da Rasha jama'a unprecedented m upsurge. A gaban aika da dubban 'yan agaji. Su misali da aka bi da kuma Maria Bochkareva. A labarin da ta] auka a cikin sojojin shi ne quite sabon abu. Bayan jawabi a watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1914 zuwa ajiye bataliya kwamandan, wanda yake a Tomsk, shi da aka ƙi da wani m shawara a tambaye izni daga mutum na sarki. Sabanin fata bataliya kwamandan, ta yi rubuta wata takarda zuwa ga Sarkin sarakuna. Ina tunanin kowa da kowa mamaki a lokacin da, bayan da wasu lokaci ya zo da wani m mayar da martani da kuma sanya hannu da Nicholas II.

Bayan wani taƙaitaccen horo shakka a watan Fabrairu 1915, Maria Bochkareva ne a gaban matsayin farar hula, ma'aikaci soja - An soja matsayi a cikin wadannan shekaru. Rike shi nezhenskoe yanayin, shi daidai da maza ban da tsoro tafiya a cikin bayoneti hari, ja daga wuta, da kuma rauni ya nuna gaskiya heroism. Ga shi lakabi ne Yasha, ta zabe da kanta a cikin memory ya ƙaunataccen - Yakove Buke. A ta rayuwa akwai wasu mutane biyu - mijinta da lover. Daga farko shi ya zauna a cikin sunan, na biyu - da sunan barkwanci.

A lokacin da a Maris 1916 kamfanin kwamandan aka kashe, Mary, wanda ya dauki wuri, ya tashe da mayakan a cikin m, wanda ya zama m ga abokan gaba. Domin da ciwon da ƙarfin hali Bochkareva aka bayar da George Cross da uku lambar yabo, kuma nan da nan ta samar a cikin junior ba izini sanda. Da yake a gaban line, shi da aka akai-akai rauni, amma ya kasance a cikin sahu, kuma kawai mai tsanani rauni a cinyarsa ya jagoranci Mary zuwa asibiti, inda ta sa wata hudu.

Halittar farko a cikin tarihin na mata bataliya

Komowa zuwa matsayi na Mary Bochkarev - George Knight da kuma gane jirgin saman soja - kama rajimanti a Jihar bazuwar. A lokacin da ta rashi akwai da Fabrairu juyin juya halin, kuma m tarurruka suna daga cikin sojojin alternated fraternization tare da "Jamusawa". Warai perturbed da wannan, Mary aka neman wata damar zuwa tasiri abin da ke faruwa. Ba da da ewa bayan wannan yanayin da aka gabatar.

Ga yakin neman zabe a gaban isa shugaban kwamitin riko na Jihar Duma Rodzianko. Tare da goyon bayan, Bochkareva a farkon Maris kasance a Petrograd, inda ya hau kan dogon-tsaye mafarki - halittar soja raka'a m mata masu sa kai da suke a shirye su zo da tsaro na motherland. A wannan fanni, shi aka goyan bayan da ministan War na wucin gwamnatin Alexander Kerensky da babban kwamandan Janar Brusilov.

A mayar da martani ga kiran da Marii Bochkarovoy fiye da dubu biyu Russia bayyana su so a cikin makamai su shiga cikin sahu na generated. Shi ne ya cancanci hankali da cewa wani gagarumin juz'i daga gare su masu ilimi mata - dalibai da kuma masu digiri na Bestuzhev Darussan, da kuma na uku daga cikinsu yana da makarantar sakandare ilimi. Irin wannan Manuniya a lokacin ba zai iya gadara da wani mutum daya naúrar. Daga cikin "tura troopers" - yana gyarawa domin su da sunan - akwai wakilai daga kowane fannin rayuwa - daga manoma, to aristocrats saka da loudest da kuma sanannun sunaye a Rasha.

Kwamandan mata bataliya Maria Bochkareva kafa daga qarqashinsu baƙin ƙarfe horo da kuma tsananin mika wuya. Yunƙurin ya biyar da safe, da kuma duk rana har ƙarfe goma da yamma da aka cika da m darussa, katse kawai da wani gajeren hutawa. Mutane da yawa mata, mafi yawa daga m iyalansu, fafitikar don amfani mai sauki soja ta abinci da wuya yau da kullum. Amma ba a gare su, mafi girma da wahala.

An sani ba da da ewa sunan da babban kwamandan fara samun koke-koken game da rudeness da arbitrariness a kan wani ɓangare na Bochkareva. Ko nuna facts battering. Bugu da kari, Mary aka tsananin haramta don bayyana a cikin wuri na ta bataliya siyasa tsẽgumi, wakilan daban-daban jam'iyyar kungiyoyin, da kuma wannan shi ne kai tsaye take hakkin domin kafa da Fabrairu juyin juya halin. A sakamakon tartsatsi damunsu ɗari biyu da hamsin "tura troopers" gusa daga Bochkareva da kuma shiga zuwa wani gini.

Aika zuwa gaban

Kuma a sa'an nan ya zo da dogon-jiran rana a lokacin da Yuni 21, 1917 a kan square a gaban St. Ishaku Cathedral a mahaɗar tsakãninsu dubban jama'a wani sabon soja naúrar samu da tutar yaƙi. A da shi da aka rubuta: "The mace ta farko da tawagar Marii Bochkarovoy mutuwa." Bukatarsa ce nawa tashin hankali samu farka rabo, yana tsaye a dama flank a cikin sabon uniform? A kan Hauwa'u na ta ni'imtar da ita a cikin sahu na tushe jami'in, da kuma Maria - na farko mace jami'in a cikin Rasha sojojin - ya kasance gaskiya heroine na rana.

Amma wannan shi ne alama na duk holidays - sun canza rayuwar yau da kullum. Wannan maye gurbin da idi a St. Ishaku Cathedral zo launin toka da kuma ba romantic wuriyar rayuwa. Sun kare wannan Fatherland fuskanci gaskiyar abin da suka sani ba kafin. Su ma suna cikin kaskanta da kuma ta abi'a m soja talakawa. Bochkareva ta kira sojojin "unbridled Shantrapa" a cikin memoirs. Don kare mata daga yiwu tashin hankali, ko da ya tsaya kusa da barikin lokaci.

Duk da haka, bayan na farko soja aiki, wanda ya samu halartar bataliya Marii Bochkarovoy, "tura dakarun", da nuna jaruntaka cancanci real warriors, tilasta mu bi da kanka tare da girmamawa. Wannan ya faru a farkon zamanin Yuli 1917 karkashin Smorganyu. Bayan da irin wannan jaruntaka farko ko wani dan takara mace sa hannu raka'a a tashin, kamar yadda Janar A. I. Kornilov, aka tilasta canza tunaninsa.

Asibitin a Petrograd da dubawa na sabon raka'a

Mata bataliya suka yi jihãdi a kan daidaita da duk sauran sassa da kuma, kamar yadda suka ɗauki hasararsu. Bayan kasance a daya daga cikin fadace-fadace da ya faru a kan Yuli 9, wani nauyi girgizawa, Maria Bochkareva aka aiko domin magani a Petrograd. A lokacin da ta tsaya a gaban a cikin babban birnin kasar da aka yadu ɓullo da fara ta mata ta m motsi. New battalions aka kafa, staffed da son rai kare da Fatherland.

Lokacin da Bochkareva sallame su daga asibiti, da oda da sabon nada babban kwamandan L. Kornilov, ta umurci duba wadannan raka'a. gwajin sakamakon kasance sosai m. Babu wani daga cikin bataliya ya ba fama-shirye naúrar ishe. Duk da haka, halin da ake ciki na neman sauyi hargitsi da suka yi sarauta a babban birnin kasar, da wuya a yarda a cimma a cikin wani gajeren lokaci sakamakon tabbatacce kuma ya sa sama da wannan.

Ba da da ewa Maria Bochkareva ya kõma zuwa ga naúrar. Amma tun wannan lokacin ta ƙungiya ardor da ɗan sanyaya sauka. Ta ya nanata cewa ya ya tãɓe a mata ta ci gaba da ba la'akari da shi ya dace da kai su zuwa gaban - "sissy da wani crybaby." Shi ne wata ila don biyaya take nema kasance musamman high, da kuma abin da ke a sojojin da shi - soja jami'in, ne bayan da damar talakawa mata. Cavalier Cross na St. George, Maria Bochkareva aka ta sa'an nan ciyar da su da daraja na leftana.

Features na "Mata bataliya Mutuwa"

Tun da Chronology na abubuwan da suka faru da aka bayyana a cikin tsarin kula da sanannen episode na tsaro na karshe mazaunin wucin gwamnatin (Winter Palace), ya kamata fadada a kan abin da daidai ne a lokacin da wani soja, wanda halitta Maria Bochkareva. "Mata bataliya Mutuwa" - don haka ya yanke shawarar kira shi - daidai da dokar, ya aka ɗauke ta a matsayin m soja naúra da kuma ya daidaita a matsayi ga rajimanti.

A total number of mata sojoji da aka daya da dubu. Jami'an cikakke daga maza, duk wanda aka samu shugabannin da suka wuce da fronts na yakin duniya na farko. Bataliya sa a tashar Levashovo inda dole ga yanayin da aikin da aka halicce su. The location part aka tantama haramta wani farfaganda da kuma jam'iyyar aiki.

A bataliya aka ba kamata ya da wani siyasa overtones. Nadin da aka yi wa kare mahaifarsa da waje makiya, da kuma kada su shiga a ciki siyasa rikice-rikice. Bataliya kwamandan ya, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, Maria Bochkareva. Biography shi ne rabuwa daga wannan nau'i na fama. A cikin kaka duk jiran motar asibiti aika zuwa gaba, amma ba abinda ya faru.

A tsaro na Winter Palace

Nan da nan, da muka samu wani domin daya daga cikin raka'a na bataliya zuwa zo a kan Oktoba 24 a Petrograd ya dauki bangare a cikin farati. A gaskiya, shi ne kawai wani uzuri don jawo hankalin "mata sojoji" da kare Winter Palace daga farkon wani m mataki na Bolsheviks. A wannan lokacin, da gidan sarki sojojin kunshi dabam raka'a Cossacks da cadets na daban-daban soja makarantu da kuma ba wakiltar wani tsanani soja da karfi.

Mata ya isa, kuma sanya shi a cikin komai sarari na tsohon sarauta gidan zama, ya umurci da tsaro kudu-maso-gabashin reshe na ginin daga Palace Square. A rana ta farko da suka yi iya tura Red tawagar da dauki iko da Nicholas Bridge. Amma kashegari, 25 Oktoba, da gidan sarki gini da aka kẽwaye da sojojin na Soja Revolutionary Sin, kuma nan da nan da harbi fara. Daga wannan lokaci da kare da Winter Palace, yarda ya mutu domin gwamnatin wucin, ya fara barin su a matsayinsu.

A farko yar jam'iyyar kadet Michael bar makaranta, kuma suka bi ta Cossacks. Mata, sun gudanar da mafi tsawo da kuma kawai ƙarfe goma da yamma parlimentaire aika wata sanarwa da sallama da kuma bukatar a sake su saki daga gidan sarauta. Sai suka ba su damar da za su tafi, amma tare da cikakken kwance damarar yaki. Bayan wani lokaci mace naúrar a ƙarfinsa, da aka sanya a cikin barikokin na Pavlovsky rajimanti na ajiye, sa'an nan ya aika zuwa wurin da su m tayin a Levashovo.

Kãmun ikon da Bolsheviks da m events

Bayan da Oktoba m juyin mulki aka yanke shawarar kashe mata bataliya. Duk da haka, to koma gidajensu ya yi hatsari a uniform. Yi amfani da "kwamitin Jama'a Safety" addashin a Petrograd mata gudanar a samu fararen kaya, kuma a cikin wannan hanya don samun zuwa gidajensu.

Babu shakka wasu da cewa a lokacin da events, wanda aka tattauna, Bochkarova Mariya Leontevna ya a gaban kuma babu sirri da hannu a su bai yarda. Wannan ne ma rubuce. Duk da haka, matabbata labari cewa ta umarci majiɓinta, na Winter Palace. Ko da a cikin shahararrun Eisenstein movie film "Oktoba" a daya daga cikin haruffa iya zama da sauƙi samu ta hanyar.

A kara rabo na wannan mace ke faruwa da wuya sosai. Lokacin da yakin basasa ya fara, Rasha Zhanna Dark - Maria Bochkareva - An zahiri kama a gwabza. Ana ji game da ta al'amari daga cikin sojojin da kuma fama basira, biyu takaddama bangarorin kokarin kawo Mary cikin su darajõji. Da farko, a cikin Smolny m wakilan sabuwar gwamnati (a cikin ta kalmomi, Lenin da Trotsky) lallashe wata mace dauki umurnin daya daga cikin Red Guard raka'a.

Sa'an nan Marushevsky general wanda ya umarci White Guard sojojin a cikin arewacin kasar, kokarin lallashe ta hadin kuma umurci Bochkareva samuwar fama raka'a. Amma a lokuta biyu, ta ƙi: shi ne abu daya - zuwa yaqi tare da kasashen waje da kuma kare da motherland, da kuma quite wani - tada hannu da takwararta. Ta ƙi kasance cikakken categorical, ga abin da Mary kusan rasa 'yanci - fusãtarwa da janar da umarnin kama ta, amma, an yi sa'a, ya shiga cikin Turanci majiɓinta.

Mary kasashen waje yawon shakatawa

Bugu da ari, shi ne makoma na daukan wani m nuna - Bayan request na Janar Kornilov, Bochkareva ga manufar yakin neman zabe da yake faruwa a Amirka da kuma Ingila. A wannan tafiya, ta kuwa tafi, ado a cikin nau'i na jinya, da kuma ciwon a mallaki ƙarya takardun. Wuya a yi ĩmãni ba, amma wannan sauki baƙauye mace, kawai san yadda za a karanta da kuma rubuta, shi ne sosai cancantar rike da kansu a wani abincin dare a fadar White House, inda aka gayyace ta zuwa Amurka ta Independence Day, Shugaba Wilson. Ban damu da shi, kuma wani sauraro, wanda ya ba ta King George V. A Buckingham Dvorets Mariya zo a cikin wani jami'in ta uniform tare da dukan soja awards. A da Turanci monarch kira ta Rasha Joan na Arc.

Daga cikin dukkan tambayoyi tambaye ta shuwagabannin Bochkarev, ta same shi da wuya a amsa daya kawai: ga shi ne ja ko fari? Wannan tambaya ba sa ji da ita. Domin Mary kuma suka kasance yan'uwansa, da kuma yakin basasa ya sa mai zurfi da baƙin ciki a gare shi. A lokacin ziyararsa a Amurka Bochkareva shibtarsu a daya daga cikin Rasha, sunã mãsu hijira su tunanin, wanda ya shirya kuma aka buga a karkashin lakabi "Yasha" - da sunan barkwanci Bochkareva frontline. A littafin da aka buga a 1919 da kuma nan da nan ya zama bestseller.

A karshe aiki

Ba da da ewa, Mary koma zuwa Rasha, sha fama da yakin basasa. Its farfaganda manufa shi cika, amma ya dauki sama da makamai flatly ƙi, wanda ya haifar da hutu a dangantaka da umurnin da Shugaban Mala'iku gaban. Tsohon m veneration maye gurbinsu da sanyi hukunci. Shafi abubuwan sun haifar da zurfin ciki, da fitarwa daga wanda Maria aka ƙoƙarin samun barasa. Ta ragu sosai, kuma da umurnin aika ta daga gaban zuwa ga raya birnin Tomsk.

Ga Bochkareva aka ƙaddara ga karshe lokaci bauta wa Fatherland - bayan lallashewa High Admiral A. V. Kolchaka shi amince ta samar da wata mai sa kai motar asibiti tawagar. Da yake jawabi kafin a manyan masu sauraro a cikin wani gajeren lokaci, Maria ya gudanar ya jawo hankalin fiye da ɗari biyu masu sa kai a cikin sahu. Amma da m farko na ja tasha kawo wannan al'amari ga ƙarshe.

Rayuwa ta zama wani labari

Lokacin da Tomsk aka kama da Bolsheviks, Bochkareva aikin bayyana a cikin Kwamandan ta ofishin da kuma mika makamansu. Daga da tayin na hadin gwiwa, sabon hukumomi ƙi. Bayan wani lokaci, ta aka kama shi kuma aika zuwa Krasnoyarsk. Bincikensa, daga cikin Special Sashen aka rikita batun a matsayin nuna ta da wani zargi da aka wuya - Maria bai dauki bangare a cikin yaki da Reds. Amma, a cikin ta da matsala, ta isa a birnin Moscow, mataimakin shugaban musamman sashen na Cheka IP Pavlunovsky - m da kuma tausayi Executioner. Ba tare da delving cikin jigon wannan al'amari, ya ba da umurni - harba, wanda aka yi nan da nan. Marii Bochkarovoy mutuwa faru May 16, 1919.

Amma da rayuwar wannan ban mamaki mace da aka haka m cewa ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa yawa Legends na ta kansa mutuwa. Shi ba a san inda kabarin Marii Leontevny Bochkarovoy, kuma wannan ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa jita-jita, da cewa ta tsallaka rijiya kisa da aka rayuwa a karkashin wani zaci sunan har ƙarshen forties. Akwai wani sabon abu labarin generated da ta mutuwa.

Ya dogara ne a kan tambaya: "Abin da Mary Bochkarev harbi?", Saboda kai tsaye zargin ta ba zai iya samar. A mayar da martani, wani labari ya ce cewa mai m Yasha ɓuya a Tomsk American zinariya kuma ya ki bayyanar da shi whereabouts Bolsheviks. Akwai har yanzu a yawan m labaru. Amma babban labari ne, ba shakka, Maryamu kanta Bochkareva, biography wanda zai iya zama a matsayin mãkirci ga mafi m labari.