"Masara" (An-2): engine gudu da kuma hotuna

Babu wanda ba ya san game da wannan jirgin sama da kuma ganin darajarsa kyaututukan da ya samu. A wannan labarin, za mu tattauna kadan game da tarihin, na'urar halaye da kuma aikace-aikace. "Masara" (An-2) da aka ɗaure a tare da wani biplane reshe haske kai da jirgin sama. "Aholakin", "aholakin", aholakin - da sunan da a kan codification na NATO. A cikin dukan tarihin duniya jirgin sama An-24 shi ne mafi girma guda-engine biplane. Wannan canza kawai bayan bayyanar ta gyare-gyare - AN-3. A jirgin sama yana da damar daya motor Shvetsov daya dubu horsepower. Weight a takeoff - 5250 kg.

A kadan tarihi

A ra'ayin na samar da wannan na'ura da aka kaddamar a 1940, O. K. Antonovym. Muna bukatar multipurpose haske jirgin sama, wanda yana da damar daya zuwa daya da rabi ton ga m amfani, soja kai jirgin sama, m yankunan na Tarayyar Soviet, iya dauka kashe daga kananan shafukan da ba matsala. Ba da da ewa bayan da yaki ya fara, saboda abin da munasaba da kafa irin wannan aikin gona inji ya tafi zuwa bango. Amma har zuwa karkarar da kwato da sabuntawa na kasa da tattalin arziki, da tattalin arzikin tambaya ta zo a sake daga cikin fifiko. "Masara" (An-2), ci gaba a OKB-153 Antonov da farko jirgin da aka yi a shekarar 1947, a kan Agusta 31, Volodinym P. N. - wani gwajin matukin jirgi. Its rare sunan zo daga Po-2. Tare da sauran nasarori da records, AN-2 - kadai jirgin sama a duniya da cewa samar da fiye da shekaru 60 da. A halin yanzu, shi ne yake aikata a kasar Sin. A sosai guda Tarayyar Soviet kammala ta jerin samar a shekarar 1960, gina a kan 5000 biplane. Bayan haka, batun ci gaba a karkashin lasisi a Poland da kuma China. A farko - 12 000 motoci daga 1957 zuwa 1992, na biyu - 950 domin wannan lokaci. 10.440 aka tsĩrar da Tarayyar Soviet, sa'an nan - a cikin CIS. Our tsira "masara" - jirgin sama, photo za ka iya ganin - aka fitar dashi zuwa 26 ƙasashe.

Operation of AN-2

A jirgin sama da aka sarrafa a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a yankunan da yawa. Sosai - a sama Lines na kananan har ga manufar harkokin sufuri na kaya da kuma fasinjoji. "Corncob" kuma (AN-2) ne ya sadu, kamar yadda suka shirya, da daban-daban tattalin arziki da ayyuka, ciki har da sinadaran m aiki. Ya dauki kan daga A-2 ga seeding masara filayen. Shi ne mai matukar sauki aiki, biplane dace da aiki tare da kananan unprepared filaye unpaved, tun da shi yana da low nisan miloli da takeoff. An-2 ne ba makawa a underdeveloped yankunan Asiya ta tsakiya, Siberia da kuma Far Arewa, inda tartsatsi da amfani. Rasha ma'aikatar sufuri a 2012, ya sanar da kaddamar a shekara ta 2015 na da zurfi na zamani da game da 800 guda daga cikin jirgin sama kafin mu, a cikin abin da sauyawa daga iska kewayawa kayan aiki da injuna za a samar.

Gyara na "masara"

"Masara" - AN-2 - yana mai yawa gyare-gyare. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:

1. An-2m - Single modernized m jirgin sama.
2. En-2nn - wuta, farar hula, tare da taso kan ruwa saukowa kaya.
3. En-2SKH - farar hula m.
4. En-2C - tsafta.
5. En-2-TP - Fasinja zirga-zirga.
6. An-2T - kai.
7. En-2TD - amphibious kai.
8. An-2F - jirgin sama don m daukar hoto. Tare da al'ada autopilot da fuselage, ƙungiyoyin version.
9. An-2F - dare manyan bindigogi bincike da kuma hoto bincike. An glazed wutsiya sashe da kuma biyu keel. Dauke da makamai - UBT na'ura gun ko atomatik gun NS-23. Test matukin Pashkevich farko jirgin da aka yi a watan Afrilu 1949. Ba kudi ne samar.
10. An-2 da ake kira "sniffer" a shekarar 1960 da aka za'ayi tare da wani Haske da dual na'ura gun turret zuwa sakonnin maƙiyi bincike balloons.
11. AN-3 - jirgin da HPT-20 - turboprop.
12. AN-4 - ruwa, da iyo shasi.
13. AN-6 - sounder yanayi, weather bincike, da ciwon keel a gindin wani ƙarin taksi.

A 'yan ban sha'awa facts

Biplane halin longevity, tara mai yawa ban sha'awa abubuwa a cikin tarihi. Ga wasu facts:

1. A farko model jirgin sama, U-2 na farko ya tashi Janairu 7, 1928. Yana da aka halitta a karkashin shugabanci na Polikarpova Nikolaya.
2. A cikin Tarayyar Soviet a kan U-2 matukan jirgin, an horar da. Godiya ga shi, cikin hanya zuwa sama aka bude dubban matukan jirgi.
3. A 1932, a kan jirgin da U-2VS iya saukar da shida vosmikilogrammovyh bama-bamai a kan musamman da kambun, kuma a raya Matuka jirgin akwai wani batu mai harbi, gun sanye take PV-1.
4. Yadda nauyi takeoff biplane, mun riga aka ambata, an komai horo - kawai 656 kg. Iyakar gudu "masara" - 135-150 km / h, ba fiye da 15 mita ya bukatar ya gudu da kuma gudu.
5. A cikin yakin na 1941-1945, da Jamus ne sosai ji tsoro na Soviet U-2, kira su "dinki na'ura" da "grinder". Musamman a lokacin dare hare-hare.
6. A lokacin yakin, mun fara kira matan da suka sa'an nan ya zama wani matukin jirgi a kan wani biplane. 23 of su samu title of Hero.
7. A ultra-low altitudes, sun kasance gaba daya ganuwa ga iska tsaro tsarin. Saboda wannan, sun yi matukar wuya ka saukar.
8. Test matukan jirgin daga Ukraine ci Kudu iyakacin duniya a kan wannan jirgin sama.

The "zuciya" na mu jirgin sama

A cikin Tarayyar Soviet duk sabon shiri da aka za'ayi a karkashin taken "mafi girma, m, da sauri." A wannan za a iya ce game da wannan ɓangare na jirgin sama kamar yadda "masara" engine. Duk da yake akwai general babbar sha'awa ga injin turbin injuna, don haka a cikin 50s na karshe karni suka fara samar gas injin turbin engine ga An-2. Amma sai wani daga wannan kamfani kasa. Sai da bayan shekaru goma ɓullo da TMD-10. Mun yi a karkashin shiryarwar Glushenkova VA a Omsk ICD. A gaba zabin ya zuwa da wani-3. Wannan ya faru a shekara ta 1971. Kuma TV2-117S engine shigar karkashin Matuka jirgin. Sa'an nan jirgin sama ya bayyana tare da biyu 850-TMD, wanda aka located in baka da juya da na kowa kaya propeller. A shekarar 1979 ya halicci wani injin turbin HPT-20, a karkashin abin da kuma sabunta hanyoyin An-2.

"Masara" (An-2), da halaye na

Wannan biplane yana da wadannan yi halaye:

1. 5500 kg - matsakaicin Take-kashe nauyi.
2. 3400-3900 kg - komai nauyin wani biplane.
3. 5250 kg - matsakaicin saukowa nauyi.
4. 1240 lita - Fuel nauyi.
5. 155-190 km / hour - cruising gudun.
6. 990 km - iyaka, tare da sanya kaya.
7. 4.5 km - rufi tsawo.
8. 12.4 mita - da tsawon wani biplane.
9. 5,35 m - tsawo.
10. 8, 425 - lilo da babba reshe.
11. 5.795 - ƙananan reshe shafa.
12. 71,52 murabba'in mita - reshe yankin.
13. Mutane biyu - a ƙungiya.
14. 12 - da yawan fasinjoji a gyara daga cikin An-2TD iya saukar da paratroopers - 10.

An kayan aiki-2

Abin da za ka iya gani, idan yau a duba cikin "corncob"? A jirgin sama, wani photo na latest model aka tabbatar, sanye take da isasshen kayayyakin zamani: rediyo kamfas Jirgin-9, A-037 rediyo altimeter, directional gyro HPA-48, da wani alama mai karɓar MRP-56P, Esp hade tsarin GIK-1. Sadarwa kayan aiki hada da: STC-7 - wayar teleho na cikin gida, gidan rediyon RS-6102 MW iyaka da R-DM 842 kewayo.

ƙarshe

Inexplicably jawo "masara" da kuma hikimar haƙƙoƙin mallaka a cikin jirgin sama da aka mallakar Airbus Soja Yaren mutanen Poland kamfanin. A May 2014 ya juya daga cewa tuni ga fiye da shekaru biyu, Ukrainian Antonov Design ofishin bai samar da wani takardun zuwa ga Rasha gefe, wanda zai iya tabbatar da dama na wani biplane. Saboda wannan dalili, babu wani damar ci gaba a kan tushen da jirgin sama "corncob" (An-2), wani sabon yankin jirgin sama. Bayan wasu bincike ya juya daga cewa hakkokin da aka sayar a lokacin Soviet zamanin. Kuma saboda yau yana da da za a iyakance zuwa na zamani da data kasance model. Amma su ne a Rasha ne samuwa a iyakancen lokaci yana da fiye da 1,500 guda, don haka da cewa jirgin sama rundunar AN-2 daban-daban versions za a mayar.