Me ake don haka ya kira gymnosperms: tsarin fasali

Kowane taxon na shuka yana da halaye da cewa rarrabe shi daga sauran. Domin wasu dalilai ba shi yiwuwa a ga furanni da kuma 'ya'yan itãcen Pine kokarin? Gymnosperms Me ake don haka ya kira? A takaice kuma a fili kamar yadda zai yiwu ga wadannan tambayoyi za mu amsa a wannan labarin.

Me ake don haka ya kira Gymnosperms: Amsa

Gymnosperms wadannan shuke-shuke suna kira shahara botanist Andrey Nikolaevich Beketov. Kamar yadda kafa Rasha labarin kasa na ciyayi, ya rubuta na farko littafi a kan systematics. Alama, nuna a cikin suna wannan shi ne musamman da iri wuri. Suna located a kan generative gabobin bayyane, "danda". Ba kamar flowering shuke-shuke, wanda tsaba suna kare ganuwar da kwai.

tsarin fasali

Rayuwa siffofin wadannan shuke-shuke wakilta shrubs ko itatuwa, saboda su mai tushe kafa a kaikaice ilimi masana'anta - cambium. Gymnosperms samo asali daga hakan spore. Duk da haka, da hadi aiwatar su daina dogara a kan ruwa, wanda shi ne mai alama na m tsarin. A ganyen gymnosperms ake kira needles. Bã su da wani allura-kamar siffar, wanda rage surface daga wanda ruwa evaporates.

Gymnosperms me ya sa haka mai suna, har yanzu ya bayyana tsarin da kwai da kanta. Yana da wani flake, wanda ba zai iya boye amfrayo daga sanyi da fari.

Ashe, akwai wani amfãni a gymnosperms?

Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa bumps - shi ne 'ya'yan itace da na gymnosperms. Amma wannan ra'ayi ne erroneous. Gaskiyar cewa 'ya'yan itatuwa suna kafa kawai bayan ci gaban da furanni. The shuke-shuke, wanda su ne wakilan da sashen, irin generative gabobin bace. Suna wakilta namiji da mace Cones, a cikin abin da biyu ne jima'i Kwayoyin - gametes.

A tsari na faruwa a gymnosperms pollination da iska. Saboda namiji Cones maniyyi shigar da mace, inda hadi auku da kuma samuwar tsaba. Lokacin da karshen balagagge, da Sikeli Cones bude. Wannan na faruwa ne kawai bayan watanni 18. A wannan lokacin za ka iya ganin da ido tsirara tsaba, wanda karya kai tsaye a kan Sikeli. Shi ya sa gymnosperms ake don haka ya kira. Saboda haka, bumps an modified harbe aiki jima'i haifuwa aiki.

Hunturu da kuma bazara ...

Yara tatsuniya game da Jawo-itacen da aka sani ga duk tun suna yara. Mai gymnosperms ba zubar da ganye a hunturu. Me ya sa? Gymnosperms haka mai suna ga irin tsarin da generative gabobin. Amma su ikon zama Evergreen dangantawa da autonomic: ganye da kuma kara. Na farko, saboda da siffar da kuma kananan surface, kare shuke-shuke daga wuce kima transpiration.

A cikin hunturu, da stomata aka shãfe haske da guduro, yudagodarya wanda a wannan lokaci danshin kusan tsaya a nan ba. Kariya ne complemented gaskiya cewa needles an rufe tare da cuticle. Amma wannan ba ya nufin cewa Gymnosperms ba su canja itãce. Needles iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 7, sa'an nan kuma mutuwa kashe da ake maye gurbinsu da sababbi. The kawai togiya ne a larch. Wannan inji aka canza ta kaya kowace kakar.

rarrabuwa

Duk da yawan kowa siffofin a cikin wannan sashe da dama azuzuwan. A mafi yawa daga gare su, conifers. Spruce, Pine, fir, cypress, Yew, da itacen al'ul, larch - hankula wakilan da aji. Sunan suka samu da irin leaf - needles.

Class Gnetova tana nufin Welwitschia ban mamaki. Wannan inji tare da manyan ganye da kai mitoci da dama a tsawon. Su taba fada saukar. A wannan yanayin, da ganga kanta, wanda shi ne kusan gaba ɗaya a cikin ƙasa, shi ne ba a bayyane. Welwitschia tsiro a hamada inda consistently iska mai karfi. Ya karya ganye tare, don haka suka kama macizai.

Amma wakilan da aji Sagovnikovye za a gauraye da dabino. Su mai tushe ba sashe. An halin da kasancewar wani ci gaba core, kuma mafi rauni itace. Sagovnikovyh lokacin da ganye fada, da stalks zama a kan tushe.

A gaba aji aka wakilta kawai irin - bilobed ginkgo. Wannan inji shi ne endemic zuwa Sin da Japan. Ginkgo ya kai wani tsawo na mita 30, da kuma diamita na ganga - shi ne uku da kuma yada kambi. Its ganye kama a fan tare da wani sako a tsakiyar. Fassara daga Japan sunan wannan shuka nufin "duck kafar", wanda kuma yayi dace da su form. A kaka da ganye juya haske ja a launi, sa'an nan kuma fada kashe. A} asashen da shi ke tsiro ginkgo, su suna dauke alfarma shuke-shuke da kuma ta kare masa.

Saboda haka, mun yi nazari don me Gymnosperms ake don haka ya kira. Dalilin wannan shi ne wurin da tsaba a kan Sikeli na generative gabobin. Su ba su kariya ta hanyar ganuwar da kwai, da kuma akwai danda, ya fito fili. A halayyar fasali na wadannan tsire-tsire ne da rashin furanni da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa, jini a itace. Pollination a gymnosperms aka yi da iska da ganye suna kira needles.