Gerunds - shi ... Suffixes gerunds

Gerund ... Abin musamman na magana! Ko wani nau'i na aikatau? Ko wani abu dabam? Amma har yanzu masana kimiyya sun gardama cewa wannan gerunds. Wannan sa a gaskiyar cewa samuwar dama wuraren view a kan wannan batun. Mu yi kokarin gane abin da irin " 'ya'yan itace" a gerund, magance ta bambance-bambancen karatu, kazalika da koyi suffixes gerunds.

Fi'ili nau'i ko na magana?

Don kwanan wata, daga cikin masana ilimin harsuna dabam- dabam, abin da ya kamata a dangana gerund. Ka yi la'akari da ra'ayi daga cikin shahararrun masanin ilimin harsuna a kan al'amarin.

1. A sanannun masanin ilimin harsuna Bogoroditskiy V. A. gerund yana nufin ... adverbs! Amma da gaske, akwai kamance! Ga misali: Zan amsa da sauri (yar bab) da kuma na amsa ba tare da jinkirin (gerund) - amsa wannan tambaya - yadda?

Zai ze, kada ku yi shakka - na kowa yar bab na iri, amma har yanzu shi na samar da wani nuni ne na tsari, kamar yadda suke, ya kara da babban mataki na fi'ili AMSA.

Very rigima ra'ayi, amma shi ne wurin zama.

2. Irin wannan ilimin harsuna kamar Shanskiy N. M. kuma Babaytseva VV yi imani gerund m bangare na jawabin, amma tare da gargadi "musamman." Shi ne, kamar yadda wani suna ko siffa, yana da yawan siffofin da ba su da sauran wani ɓangare na magana. Da kansa amfani da wannan shawarwari, yana ta derivation makirci. Saboda haka me ya sa ba ku kai wa sassa na magana?

3. Shvedova N. Yu, daya daga The tarawa "Grammar-80", kuma tare da shi da Gvozdev AN, la'akari da daya daga cikin gerund nau'i na aikatau, invariable da unconjugated. Kuma a nan ba za mu iya yarda: "Dad" gerunds - shi ne fi'ili. Ya ba shi bayyanar cututtuka, da tambaya ba shi da wata ãyã daga mataki, albeit kari.

A nan ne babban wuraren samu ilimin harsuna. Kuma kowanne daga cikinsu a yadda ya dama, kamar yadda gerunds - Wannan shi ne wani fairly hadaddun form. Ba mamaki, da yawa ana rikita batun a cikin wannan al'amari. A makarantu, dangane da shirin, na nazarin gerund Grade 7, kuma sanyã shi zuwa wani musamman fi'ili nau'i ko na magana, da ambata sau cewa ra'ayi ne ba daidai ya zuwa yanzu.

Ãyõyin fi'ili a gerunds

A mafi muhimmanci kama tsakanin gerunds da fi'ili bayyana a gaskiyar cewa na karshen su kuma ilimi. Wannan shi ne, kowane kawai gerund an kafa daga fi'ilai kuma bã kõme ba, kuma ya nuna mataki da cewa shi ne ba kawai da asali da kuma ƙarin.

Morphological halaye, wanda ya dauki kan gerund na fi'ilai:

• A recoverability (gaban -sya postfix).

Shirya - tsoro tafi - dabba ba a kanta.

• View (m, kuma ajizai).

Run (nesov.vid) - a guje (Nessov view.).

zaton (sov.vid) - tunani (owls duba.).

• Transitivity (a hade tare da fi'ilin accusative ba tare da harafin bayanau):

Haye titi (giya. Inc., Babu wani uzuri), Pet kare (giya. Kushin, akwai wani uzuri).

Gerunds cewa soma da adverbs

Kamar yadda muka gani, da "baba" ne fi'ili gerunds. Amma da "uwa" za a iya daukan wani yare, shi ne daga wadannan sassa na magana, sai ya kãma ãyõyi.

Daga yar bab gerund samu:

• Abu mafi muhimmanci - da immutability. Kazalika da] anda kakanin kakaninsa, shi ne ba karkata da aka conjugated, sabili da haka yana da ba ta da iyaka, ko sifili.

Magana da ƙarfi game da (yar bab) - zance prikrikivaya (gerund).

• Junction - da kuma ta da sauran nau'i na da kawai syntactic mahada.

Kamar yadda kafa imperfective gerunds

Shape irin gerunds dauka daga fi'ili, kuma, ba shakka, Nesov. da alheri, da shi ya shiga cikin suffixes. Kari na baya baki A (I) Forms participle imperfective:

Dubi - neman, gudu - a guje, gunanta - gunanta.

A cikin akwati inda aikatau kari na baya baki ne -wa irin gerund aka kafa ta da wani tushen fi'ili fi'ili:

Gaskata - barata azãba - hukunta, wringing - wringing.

Wasu maganganu suna ajizai form gerunds iya ba:

1. ajizai fi'ilai tare da kari na baya baki To: Fade, ihu.
2. monosyllabic fi'ilai, tushen wanda ƙare a A ko B da: kidan, barci.
3. Wasu fi'ilai kawai ba su da cikakken tsari gerunds: sara, kira, to tafi da sauransu.

Sosai da wuya mu iya saduwa da suffixes gerunds -UCHI ko -YUCHI. Wannan shi ne tsohon tsari, amma amma duk da haka wani lokacin amfani da maganarsu.

Zama - kamar yadda, play - effortlessly.

Gerunds, tare da cikakken view

Wannan siffar ba kafa daga fi'ilai a cikin rãyuwar siga, kuma daga tushen fi'ili. Don wannan suna kara suffixes -B ko -VSHI ko -SHI:

Shin - shawara, sake rubutawa - tasiri ci - bayan cin abinci, kawo - kawo.

Na turawa yanzu fi'ilai, da kari na baya baki -VSHI kafa kawai komawa cikakken participle.

Aikin a jumla

Gerunds, kamar adverbs a sentences ko da yaushe wasa da muhimmancin yanayi:

Bayan wasa, sai na tafi gida. Ya zauna tabbata a cikin wani dakin ba tare da tsoma baki.

Ya kamata a ce game da irin wannan muhimmanci tsarin a cikin Rasha harshen, wanda aka kafa ta gerunds. Wannan fi'ili participle phrases. Fataucin kira gerund da ta dogara da kalmomi.

Alal misali, gerund yin kanta guda, da ciwon kome a cikin biyayya. Amma yin aikin - wannan shi ne fi'ili participle phrases, saboda yanzu hanyar yin shiga-dogara kalmar aiki.

Dalibai yin aikin, da texts.

Participial yawa dauka don ware (ware) delimited a garesu. Ko da kuwa da matsayi na babban kalma to wanda shi yana nufin. Af, babban kalma da jimlar yawa zai zama mai fi'ili. Amma babban aiki na gerunds - to gaba da mataki na babban fi'ili.

Participial yawa, kasancewa sosai ma'ana zane, sau da yawa amfani a cikin adabi, Popular magana. A salon magana magana, saboda wasu dalilai ban kama a kan nuna. Kila saboda da kwanyarsa. A rayuwa, mu yi kokarin amfani da mafi sauki sentences.

Gerunds - wannan shi ne wani sosai m abu a cikin Rasha harshe. Mu har yanzu ba zai iya ce shi da wani bangare na jawabin ko wani nau'i na aikatau. Amma yanzu, ya san duk da fasali, za ka iya zabi wani more dace look for kowane masanin kimiyya. Gerund adorns mu da harshen sa ya fi m, dama. Kuma da yin amfani da fi'ili participle phrases jũya wani m rubutu ne a yanzu a wallafe-wallafen aiki.