Mene ne wani engraving? Vintage engraving (photo)

Mene ne wani engraving? Wannan tambaya ne ban sha'awa ga mutane da yawa. A wasu sonorous waje kalma ake dangantawa da image na Littafi Mai Tsarki labarin a kan karfe ko dutse jirgin, wasu yi imani da cewa wannan shi ne kawai wani zane, ya sassaka da wuka a kan tebur.

Duk da haka, tambaya: "Abin da kwafi?" - ba za a iya amsa ainihin, a matsayin fasaha na graphics ne quite hadaddun. Amma wanda zai iya ce yaƙĩni. Engraving - wannan shi ne na musamman irin hoto art, wanda na da fice a artists da kuma ƙulla niyyar master.

engraving kayan aiki

Ma'adanin na zanen ba ya unsa wani fasaha wajen, ban da wani sa na m goge, palette kuma easel. Wani abu - kwafi cewa bukatar wani Multi-fasaha horo, da yawa fitina runs. Amma to, don me ne shi dole? Shin, ba shi da sauki ga zana wani hoto kuma bã su ciyar da lokaci da makamashi a kan ta mahara kofe. A mafi cewa gaskiya art ba jure maimaitawar. Amma a nan, wannan manufa ba ya aiki. engraving sakamako ta'allaka ne a sabon abu, da jawo tsarin tsafi.

Graphics samu bugu Hanyar da ake kira "print". Duk da haka, da buga - a buga daga wani daga cikin asali da kuma buga - An imprinted da wani kwarzana plaque. Mene ne wani engraving daga mahangar Manufacturing fasahar? Simple magudi, a lokacin da shi wajibi ne don latsa takarda takardar ga kwamitin, wanda aka a baya amfani da fenti. Wannan takardar da aka sa'an nan a hankali rabu daga jirgi - kuma a shirye yake ya buga.

Karfe da kuma itace

Art kwafi ne ba a buga, kuma a cikin yi na asali, wanda za ka iya sai ku yi wani yawan kofe. A karfi ne cikin abu na yi na "jirgi", da mafi kwaikwayo zai zama akwai. A zana rubutu ne na iri biyu: high da gravure bugu. Na farko hanya ne ainihin m sako na madubi, a cikin irin wannan hanya da cewa fenti canjawa wuri zuwa ga takarda daga matsanancin surface na yanke juna. A na biyu Hanyar tanadi cewa Paint ke a kan takardar da takarda daga cikin tududa cika ta da "kwamitin".

A art samo asali a cikin 15th karni, tun sa'an nan akai-akai modified. Engraving allon asali sanya na takardar jan kamar yadda mafi m karfe. Daga baya, akwai xylographic fasahar a kan wanda hukumar aka yanka daga m itace. Wannan hanya an kasa lokaci-cinyewa, kuma ya yiwu don ƙirƙirar Multi-launi kwafi. A saboda wannan dalili ya zama dole su sa 'yan katakai da wani daban-daban tsari na zane abubuwa. A takardar da aka amfani alternately to kowane katako, tare da matsakaiciyar bushewa, inda wani launi Hoton da aka samu.

na da engraving

Kwafi ya zama tartsatsi a cikin 15th karni. A mafi muhimmanci da kwafi an halitta a lokaci guda, a nazarinsa na Jamus artist Martin Schongauer da Albrehta Dyurera. Ba mu ɓace daga gare su Italiya Andrea Mantegna da kuma Antonio Pollaiuolo.

A 16th karni art buga art an yadu a gane a Turai engraving aka tashi zuwa matakin na high art, mafi yawa godiya ga Masterpieces da Dürer, kamar "The hudu mahayan dawakai daga cikin Apocalypse," "Gashi makamai Mutuwa," "Melancholia".

A karshen 16th karni alama mai nasara a cikin art na engraving, sauki zane ne a baya, akwai wani rarrabe, yankan ta hanyar fasahar ya zama mafi hadaddun, layi daya da kuma gicciye-Hatching iya cimma dama sakamakon a cimma kewaya sauti sakamako da kuma play haske da launi. Figure samu ãyõyin tsaftacewa da cewa ya} ashin domin kara kyautata dabaru.

cin kwafi

Artists fara amfani da etching na karfe tushe da kuma samu etching fasaha, wanda kallo a cike da karfi kawai a cikin 17th karni. A m portraitist Rembrandt kuma tsunduma kwafi da kuma cimma babba nasara a wannan filin. Artist Zhan Kallo gaba daya sadaukar da rayuwarsa don ma'adanin na engraving da halitta mai gallery na hotuna da tsaransa. Klod Lorren zama sha'awar fassarar da zane-zane a zana rubutu. A Rubens shirya wani musamman bita, wanda juyar da zane-zane.

shahararsa

A 17th karni da aka zinariya shekaru na ci gaba da sabon art - zana rubutu da kuma etchings. List of nau'o'i a cikin abin da artist aiki, duk kumbura. Wadannan sun hotuna da shimfidar wurare, pastoral, yaƙi al'amuran, har yanzu lifes, dabbobi, da kuma mazaunan cikin tẽku mai zurfi. Mutane da yawa artists na lokacin da aka girmama don kokarin su hannunka a cikin art na engraving. Akwai dukan albums, sõyayya thematically a kan Scene kuma m filaye. Nan da nan ya zama shahararren satirical etchings na Hogarth, Daniel Chodowiecki dada jerin zana rubutu irin na Francisco Goya.

Art kwafi a Japan

Japan, sani na da m al'ada, bai da bãya. Japan kwafi - shi ne mai duka Layer na al'ada kasar, wani ɓangare na da kasa art. A labarin na farko kwafi, "ukiyo-e" yana da saiwoyinsa a 17th karni. Sa'an nan da Japan woodcut buga a baki da fari. A farkon 18th karni, artists sun gabatar da launi bugu, da kuma "ukiyo-e" sāke.

Engraving a Japan kudin m da kuma jin dadin kwari bukatar. Su labarun scenes daga rayuwar talakawa mutane. Wannan shi ne da farko a kyakkyawar Geisha (da shi shi ne babban batu), sa'an nan tafiya sumo Yan kokawar, kuma a cikin na uku wuri sun shahara 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Kabuki wasan kwaikwayo. Bayan wani lokaci, shi ya zo a cikin Vogue wuri mai faɗi da engraving.

Kariya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci abubuwa

Mafi shahara etchings, duka biyu da haihuwa da kuma sanya a cikin 'yan lokutan, suna systematized. Engraving hotuna suna samuwa ga jama'a, na da rajista da lambar kuma, kamar yadda mai mulkin, an rajista. Wannan shi ne don tabbatar da cewa ta m darajar zauna untouched. Rare lokutta, kamar Masterpieces Albrehta Dyurera, suna karkashin kariyar na UNESCO. The duniya-sanannen ko musamman m zana rubutu, hotuna da kuma reproductions na wanda aka located in na musamman kundayen Interpol, da kariyar musamman da sabis.

wayewar

A farkon karni na 20th, ci gaban engraving matsayin art form ci gaba. Karkashin Soviet mulki, akwai wani tsaran talented artists suka yi nasarar yi aiki a filin na etchings da kwafi. A wannan lokacin engraving samu ta gaba Yunƙurin, da jawo ma mafi rikitarwa, ya magana zo don ta koli. A 30-ies kafa Rasha, da kuma daga baya Soviet engraving makaranta, gabatar da talented artists, kazalika da dalibai. Da begen kara raya ma'adanin na etching loomed bakan gizo. Sa'an nan, a cikin prewar shekaru, engraving zama Poster, kuma da shahararsa ya ki markedly.

Bayan yakin duniya na II domin kusan shekaru 20, kawai da kwafi da aka samar a matsayin hanyar m amma tasiri Soviet farfaganda. A halin yanzu, ma'adanin na engraving ne a wani stalemate, babu sabon masu goyon baya, artists kuma mazan tsunduma a kasuwanci ayyukan. Ko da yake a yau a kan wannan tambaya da abin da engraving, wani Rasha a cikin wani wuri ba a da cikakken amsar. Zai yiwu akwai zai zama sabon iri na kwafi a nan gaba, saboda art yana da ikon rayar a sabon guises.