Mene ne yi aiki sunadarai?

Sunadaran - tushen wanzuwar kwayar halitta mai rai. Sun yi har da wani babban ɓangare na da abubuwa. Yi aiki sunadarai ne cewa su suna samuwa a cikin da dama gabobin da kyallen takarda. Mafi yawa daga daskararru kunshi sunadaran. Alal misali, tsokoki Tallafa nama, kusoshi, gashi.

Sunadaran - kwayoyin mahadi. Alal misali, a sunadaran kwayoyin to da dama da ɗari sau da girman da ruwa kwayoyin. Duk wani gina jiki abu ne kafa saboda mahadi kira amino acid. Suna shirya a wani ma'ana a fashion, wadannan daya bayan daya, forming wani dogon sarkar, da ake kira mai peptide. Chemical da nazarin halittu Properties na furotin a tsare ta amino acid da ake located in shi. Duk da ayyuka masu matukar muhimmanci ga rayayyun kwayoyin halitta, kuma daya daga cikinsu, da ginin aiki sunadarai shi ne tushen wanzuwar da kuma ci gaban dukan abubuwa masu rai.

Properties na sunadaran

Binciken masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa jiki da kuma sinadaran Properties na furotin a tsare ta amino acid ba a cikinta, su da lambar kuma serial sadarwa.

Sunadaran suna:

• insoluble da kuma narkewa a cikin ruwa.
• m, canjawa a wani kadan tasiri a kan su, da kuma] orewar.

Ne a cikin hanyar:

• dogon filaments.
• Connection kananan siffar zobe kwayoyin.

Duk da haka, da irin wannan daban-daban tsarin da furotin da kaddarorin tsananin haɗuwa da ayyuka. Alal misali, a cikin nau'i na filaments ba a cikin tsoka sunadarai, kamar yadda mãsu ƙarfin niyya tare da iya aiki rage. Readily mai narkewa sunadarai, tare da tsarin da wani kwayoyin na kananan bukukuwa, yi sufuri ayyuka. Kamar yadda mai kara kuzari amfani da sunadaran da wani sauƙi m tsarin.

The ayyuka na sunadaran

Kowane kwayoyin halitta, yayin da a cikin jiki, ya yi aikin takamaiman ayyuka. Ka yi la'akari da abin da siffofi da tabbatar da mutum aiki, da furotin da aikin:

• Construction. Protein da ake amfani a cikin samuwar membranes da cell membranes, hada da jini, tendons. Yi aiki sunadaran (misalai da aka bayyana a cikin labarin) ne Mafi bayyanannu a cikin gabobin da kyallen takarda kamar fata, gashi, da kusoshi da sauransu.

• Motor.
• Kara kuzari. A jikin mutum ne kullum faruwa daban-daban sunadarai halayen. Daidaita kudi na nassi na enzymes wanda ya kunshi gina jiki.

• Kai. Sunadaran gudanar da canja wurin da na jiki zuwa duk tsokoki da kuma m abubuwa. Alal misali, da furotin da haemoglobin daukawa oxygen.

• M. Na rigakafi da tsarin samar da sunadarai a mayar da martani ga antibodies cutarwa waje kwayoyin, makale a cikin jiki. Protein-antibody tarewa hari na cutarwa abubuwa. Har ila yau, akwai jini sunadaran - fibrinogen wanda suke iya yi gargaɗi da kwayoyin daga jini da asarar da gudan jini samuwar (jini coagulation).

• Hormone. Hormones da alhakin rike ma'auni, tsara metabolism, tare da masu rinjaye na su kunshi sunadarai ko polypeptides.

• Gina jiki. Alal misali, da furotin da casein ne ba a cikin ƙirjinka madara da kuma ne ke da alhakin jikewa da jariri.

Yi aiki na gina jiki - daya daga cikin babban alhakin da al'ada aiki na jiki.

The adadin furotin a cikin jikin mutum

A gaban furotin a kowane Rayayyen tantanin halitta ba kasa da rabin ta bushe nauyi. Kullum hada da duk sunadarai ba kawai ashirin amino acid, tare da daban-daban da furotin da mahadi bambanta a yawan maimaita kuma da jerin sadarwa. Dangane da gina jiki, da kuma bauta daban-daban ayyuka, daya daga wanda ke zama dole domin ci gaba da rayuwa, - gini aiki da sunadarai.

Sunadaran suna rarraba a ko'ina cikin jiki daban.

Yi aiki sunadaran

inda shi ne da za'ayi? A jikin mutum don ƙirƙirar sabon Kwayoyin da kuma maido da lalace nama ne ba zai yiwu ba tare da kasancewar gina jiki. Haka kuma an da hannu a cikin kira na narkewa kamar juices, shi ne wani ɓangare na rigakafi da jikinsu, ba ji ba gani. Protein aikin samar da makamashi aiki: a high jiki exertion zama dole don samun shi don kula da ma'auni na gina jiki da jiki abubuwa.

Daya daga cikin manyan ayyuka na gina jiki - gina. Idan gina jiki ceases yin shi, da mai rai gabar ba zai iya zama. Ta yaya gina aiki na da sunadarai? Misalai na sunadaran da su sakamako a kan jikin halittu masu rai OISA kasa:

1. Keratin - gina jiki da ta sa har gashi kuma kusoshi. dabbobi - Jawo, ƙaho, hooves. Dangane da sa na amino acid, zai iya zama taushi da kuma m, kuma zai iya zama - tauri, kuma m.
2. Collagen - shi ne ba a cikin tendons kuma guringuntsi, ta zaruruwa ba budewa, don haka murdede kokarin ne directed da ƙasũsuwa, wanda aka a haɗe zuwa tsokoki.
3. Elastin - da gina jiki, da ƙarfin wanda ba sosai high, yayin da shi yana da kyau elasticity, matsa lamba ne iya sauƙi budewa. Yana located a cikin ganuwar jini.

The gina jiki a cikin cell skeletons

Yi aiki na gina jiki da aka nuna a cikin tsarin da jiki, da kuma a cikin Kwayoyin - sunadaran haifar da wani ciki cytoskeleton.

Akwai iri uku cell kwarangwal:

• microtubules.
• microfilaments.
• filaments.

Microtubules - a tube kunshi mai gina jiki tubulin. Tare da su taimako, da aka gyara na cell aka canjawa wuri ta hanyar da shi.

Microfilaments an hada da gina jiki actin. Sun haifar da lafiya da ci gaba da cibiyar sadarwa a karkashin matsanancin membrane na cell, haka ne yin shi na roba da kuma m.

A gaban wasu jinsunan da furotin a cikin tsaka-tsaki filaments ne m da gaskiya su ne a wani cell. Bisa bincike, an yi imani da cewa filaments a haɗe zuwa keji ƙarfi.

amino acid

Amino acid - ne dangane da carbon, hydrogen, oxygen da kuma nitrogen, da (wani lokacin) sulfur. Amino acid akwai fiye da 100 jinsunan, amma wani mutum ne ba kawai 20. Daya daga gare su, jiki samar da kanta, amma wasu dole ne a samu daga abinci.

Amino acid din da ya kasu kashi uku iri:

1. M - jiki synthesizes su da kansa.
2. Essential - samu daga abinci.
3. Yanaye-muhimmanci - amino acid, wanda za a iya hada ta jiki, amma shi na bukatar kasancewar wani wasu da dama sauran amino acid.

Muhimmancin amino acid

A gaban a jikin wani core sa na amino acid dole saboda rashin tasiri a kan asarar ayyuka na gawawwakin da abin da suka kasance da alhakin. Alal misali, lysine karanci tsokani wani karu a jini haemoglobin matakin, wanda shi ne detrimental tasiri a kan mutum kiwon lafiya.

Daya amino acid da aka kira wani peptide bond amino acid 3-100 - a kananan gina jiki. Sunadaran iya sunadaran amino acid 100-800 sequentially alaka.

Saboda haka, yi sunadarai wanda aiki ne da za'ayi? Yana iya bayyana kanta a salon salula matakin da a cikin tsarin da jikin mutum. Protein rabe da ake samu a cikin cytoplasm da membrane na sel. Data kasance mota sunadaran aiki don samar da mota jikin ayyuka, msl da hannu a tsoka ƙanƙancewa, cell motsi.

Yi aiki sunadarai ne cewa sunadaran ba a cikin cell membranes, da Kwayoyin samar da wata kwarangwal, wani ɓangare na ribosomes, chromosomes da kuma sauran m kungiyoyin.

gina jiki aiki hanya a karkashin gini

A gina jiki da cewa ya yi aikin aikin ginin, kafa hanya. Alal misali, hanyar wanda kara gina jiki kama a tarko a jikin abinci, kamar haka. ya samun daga abinci zuwa ciki, wanda aka raba cikin amino acid. Bayan da suka kasance ana tunawa hanji mucosa da isa da hanta, daga abin da shi yada wa dukan gabobin da kyallen takarda na jiki, don tabbatar da gina jiki kira. Yi aiki na sunadaran da aka bayyana a cikin hujjar cewa suna da hannu a duk m matakai na jiki.

ƙarshe

Domin ci gaba da rayuwa mutum na bukatar daban-daban sunadarai halayen ana kullum gudanar a Kwayoyin. Kuma daya daga cikin babban matsayin yin sunadarai, ta hanyar abin da za'ayi da ci gaba da kuma aiki na jiki.

Yi aiki na sunadaran da aka bayyana a cikin samuwar sabon Kwayoyin da farfadowa daga haihuwa. Domin farfadowa bukatar gaban sunadarin da ake bukata ya zama isa ya maye gurbin tsofaffin Kwayoyin.

Manyan tabarbarewar tsokoki da kuma Kwayoyin a cikin mutane da manyan wasanni salon. Saboda haka suna bukatar su cinye abinci mai arziki a cikin sunadaran. Ta kuma shafi waɗanda suka tsunduma a shafi tunanin mutum aiki.

Sunadaran suna iya daura ruwa, kafa colloidal Tsarin. Zaka iya cewa rayuwa - shi ne mai aiwatar da wanzuwar sunadaran da su dangantaka da yanayi. Idan wannan tsari da aka tsaya, da mai rai gabar rai zai kawo karshen.