Nau'in na aikin da su halaye

Dalili na rayuwar mutum ne m sana'a aiki. Shi ne a kan mutum ciyarwa mafi yawan lokaci. Wanda aka yi shi domin kansa gamsuwa da kuma yarda, da sauran - for kayan taimakon kansu da iyalansu.

Theory: ainihin sharuddan, da definition "aiki" Concepts

aiki - shugabanci na mutum aiki, da ãyõyi dace da kerawa.

Category na aikin - a sa na mamaki ko Concepts cewa nuna irin wannan bayyanar cututtuka. A Categories aikin hada da abun ciki, yanayi da kuma siffofin aiki.

Da abun ciki na aiki - tarin mutum abubuwa na aikin, da katin shaida na wanda faruwa bisa ga sana'a aiki kaya, su tsari, mawuyaci da samuwar wani musamman gudu jerin.

Yanayin aiki - shi ne ingantaccen halaye na aikin da hada dama iri aiki da kungiyar a kan wasu filaye.

Siffofin aiki - a sa na iri daban-daban na aiki yadda ake gudanar, da aiwatar da abin da bukatar makamashi amfani, da yin amfani da mechanized ko sarrafa kansa kayan aiki da na'ura kayan aikin.

Nau'in aiki aiki: iri da kuma halaye na aiki

A gaskiya ma, aiki sukayi fassara da akwai da yawa. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa aiki ne mai hadaddun multiaspektnoe zamantakewa da tattalin arziki sabon abu.

Dangane da abun ciki na aiki ne zuwa kashi:

• Shafi tunanin mutum da kuma ta jiki. A sarari line tsakanin wadannan nau'o'i guda biyu na aikin ba ya wanzu. Saboda haka rarrabe tsakanin yawanci shafi tunanin mutum da kuma kagaggun jiki aiki aiki. Shafi tunanin mutum da aikin tabbatar da aiki da kwarara tunani matakai da jiki - adam tsoka makamashi ta halin kaka.
• Simple aiki da hadaddun. Easy-aiki, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba ya bukatar ma'aikata da duk wani kwararren cancantar, musamman basira da kuma damar iya yin komai. Complex aiki a karkashin karfi kawai don mutanen da suka yi musamman sana'a.
• Aikin da masu sana'a. A cikin aiwatar da aikin aikin mayar da hankali a kan wasan kwaikwayon na wani yawan ayyuka na musamman don Game da sana'a. Professional aikin ayyukan matsayin subspecies na wani aikin aikin, don ƙirƙirar wani kwararren tsarin, dangane da sa na aiki ayyuka. Misali: Malamin - wani aikin irin aikin, malamin zane - sana'a neman aiki.
• Haihuwa da kuma m aiki. haihuwa yanayin aiki ya shafi aiwatar da wani misali sa na ayyuka, da kuma sakamakon da aka qaddara. Domin m aikin, yana da ikon, ba duk ma'aikata, shi ya dogara da matakin ilimi na aiki, ya basira, m tunani da kuma penchant ga bidi'a. Wannan shi ne saboda da ba a sani ba sakamakon m aiki.

Dangane da yanayin da saki, irin iri aiki:

• Kankare da m aiki aiki. Kankare aiki - shi ne aikin da guda ma'aikaci, wanda sabobin tuba da abu na halitta domin ya yi shi da amfani da kuma ƙirƙirar abokin ciniki darajar. Yana ba ka damar ayyana aiki yawan aiki a sha'anin matakin, to kwatanta yawan aiki yi na mutum masana'antu da kuma filayen aiki. Tsokaci aiki - jinsin tare da takamaiman aiki, inda da dama daga high quality-kafa na aikin iri aiki daukan mayar da wurin zama. Yana halitta darajar kayayyaki kayayyakin.
• Independent aiki da kuma gama. Nau'in na kai-da aikin hada da cikakken iri daban-daban na aikin da ake yi da wani takamaiman mutum ko wani takamaiman ma'aikacin kamfanin. Collective aiki - aiki na wani rukuni na ma'aikata, ma'aikata da sha'anin, ta raba sashen.
• Zaman kansu da kuma jama'a aikin yi. Jama'a aiki ko da yaushe kunshi masu zaman kansu, tun da karshen ne peculiar zamantakewa hali.
• Wage kuma samonaemny iri aiki. Hayar aiki aiki ne da za'ayi a kan tushen da cikar tsakanin aiki da ma'aikaci aiki kwangila, kwangila. Samonaemny aikin ya shafi halittar wani m sha'anin da kuma kungiyar na samar da tsari, a lokacin da mai shi na samarwa kanta samar da ayyukan yi.

Dangane da sakamakon aikin ne:

• Live kuma baya aiki. Rayuwa aiki - da aikin mutum, wanda ya yi a iyakancen lokaci. Sakamako na karshe aikin nuna a cikin abubuwa da kuma wajen aiki, da cewa an halitta wasu ma'aikata da su ne kayayyakin da masana'antu nufi.
• M aiki da kuma marasa amfani. Babban bambancin - nau'i daga cikin amfanin. Bisa ga sakamakon m aiki ne na halitta-material amfanin, da kuma a kan tushen da ba m aiki - amfanin zamantakewa da kuma ruhaniya fuskantarwa, wanda wakiltar darajar da amfaninta ga jama'a.

Dangane da nufin amfani a cikin aikin na aiki rarrabe:

• Manual aiki. Da hannu. Yana a yarda da yin amfani da sauki hannu kayan aikin.
• Mechanized aiki. Domin gudanar da aikin dauke da irin ne ya zama wajibi aiki na mechanized kayan aikin. Kuma da makamashi da cewa ciyarwa ma'aikaci ne kasaftawa zuwa kayan aiki na aikin da kuma musanya magana.
• Machine aiki. Subject tuba da aiki na kayan, wanda gudanar ma'aikaci. Ya ginu ne a kan kafadu na karshen ne har yanzu alhakin kisan wasu ayyuka.
• Sarrafa kansa aiki. Yana shafi gyara daga cikin abu da atomatik aiki na kayan aiki. Daga cikin ma'aikaci na bukatar aiwatar da ingancin iko sunadaran, wanda yin duk dole ayyuka ba tare da hannu na mutum factor.

Dangane da aiki yanayin iya zama:

• Tsit da kuma mobile aiki. Yana hada iri daban-daban na aikin, wanda suke saboda da ƙayyadaddu daga cikin tsari da kuma irin kerarre kaya.
• Light, matsakaici da kuma nauyi aiki aiki. Yana dogara a kan matakin jiki aiki da cewa samun ma'aikaci a cikin jiki na takamaiman ayyuka.
• Free aiki da regimented. Yana shi ne dogara a kan takamaiman yanayi na aiki da kuma style of business management.

Dangane da hanyoyin amfani da su jawo hankalin mutane alama:

• Aiki a kasashen waje da tattalin arziki kama-karya. A halayyar alama - da rashin so yin aiki a cikin mutane. The ma'aikacin daukawa fitar da aiki karkashin duress, ba tare da wani dalili (material, ta ruhaniya, da dai sauransu).
• Labor aiki na tattalin arziki da kama-karya. Mutumin aiki domin suna da nufin su wanzu da kuma tallafawa kansu da iyalansu. Aiki tilasta aiki duk ma'aikata.
• Aiki a kan nasu. A halayyar alama - gaban ma'aikaci ya yi nufin ya yi su da aikin yi m. A sakamakon wannan aikin ne domin amfanin jama'a.

Babban siffofin aiki

1. Siffofin aikin dangantaka da kunnawa da tsoka aiki. Bukatar gwaji kashe kudi da makamashi da ma'aikacin, kamar yadda dogara ne a kan motsa jiki da kuma sarrafa wani tsari a cikin atomatik yanayin ne ba zai yiwu. Wannan nau'i ya shafi manual aiki.
2. Mechanized nau'i na aiki. Suna da ƙananan jiki aiki da wuya daga cikin shirin na mataki, wanda ake dangantawa da yin amfani da mechanized kayan aiki.
3. Partially sarrafa kansa siffofin aiki. A cikin masana'antu tsari na key irin rawa da sarrafa kansa kayan aiki da kuma kayayyakin aiki, da kuma mutane kawai bukatar gudanar da wani goyon baya na amfani da inji. Halayyar siffofin: da monotony, da kara taki na aikin, da danniya da m tunanin.
4. Siffofin aiki, bukata matakai a samar management. Yana hada iri daban-daban na aikin a cikin abin da ma'aikaci abubuwa a matsayin da ake bukata na sarrafawa matakin, da kuma ta babban aiki - aiwatar iko da kuma iko da sarrafa kansa kayan aiki.
5. Fasaha siffofin aiki. Halin da wajibcin kunnawa da shafi tunanin mutum aiki na kwakwalwa, memory, da hankali, da dai sauransu, kazalika da kadan jiki exertion. Wannan nau'i ya shafi administrative, m da kuma kimiyya aiki, kazalika da aiki aiki na ma'aikatan da magani.
6. Na'ura mai siffofin aiki. A halayyar alama: da rabo daga cikin masana'antu tsari ga mutum yadda ake gudanar, wanda ya gudanar da wani a cikin jerin. Details for kowane ma'aikacin ana ciyar da ta atomatik ta aiki da bel na'ura mai.

Features da shafi tunanin mutum aiki

Shafi tunanin mutum aiki - aikin da bukatar samun da kuma sarrafa bayanai data, da aiwatar da abin da shi ne saboda kunnawa da tunani da tsari. Domin shafi tunanin mutum da halayyar aikin ne da karfi tashin hankali na tsakiya m tsarin. Har ila yau, ba mu ware da hali a lokacin da ga nasara aiwatar da ilimi aikin na bukatar jiki exertion.

Ilimi ma'aikata. Su wanene su?

By wajen tunani da ma'aikata sun hada da manajoji, da ke aiki, ma'aikata m kwararru, likita kwararru, ƴan kuma dalibai.

A category na "aiki" ne mutane, aiki aiki ne da alaka da management na kayan, kayan aiki, sa idanu da ci gaba na fasaha matakai.

Gudanarwa aikin yi shugabannin kungiyoyi, da kamfanoni, da malamai. Feature: A m adadin lokaci domin gudanar da bayanai.

By da m fasahohin ne 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, artists, marubuta, composers, da kuma zanen kaya. Creative aikin - ne mafi wuya irin na ilimi aiki.

Likita ma'aikatan kuma dauke hankali, amma waɗanda fannoni cewa unsa tuntubarsu tare da mutane - da marasa lafiya, da kuma wasan kwaikwayon na aikin na bukatar karin alhakin, inda yanke shawarar ya kamata a dauka maza maza, akwai wani karancin lokacin factor.

Kimiyya aiki na dalibai na makarantu da kuma jami'o'i bukatar kunnawa da memory, da hankali da kuma fahimta.

Jiki aiki aiki

Jiki aiki a kudi na wasu jiki ayyuka. A halayyar alama - hulda tsakanin mutum-ma'aikacin daga wajen aiki. A zahirin aikin da mutum wani bangare ne daga cikin tsari, da kuma mai yi na daban-daban ayyuka a cikin aiki tsari.

Shafi tunanin mutum da kuma ta jiki aiki aiki: physiological bambance-bambance

Shafi tunanin mutum da kuma ta jiki aiki aiki ne juna da kuma interdependent. Duk wani mai hankali aikin na bukatar wani makamashi ta halin kaka, kazalika da jiki ba zai yiwu ba tare da kunnawa da bayanai bangaren. Alal misali, duk wani nau'i na manual aiki ake bukata daga mutum a matsayin kunnawa da shafi tunanin mutum da tafiyar matakai da kuma jiki aiki. A bambanci shi ne, jiki aikin da aka mamaye da kuzari, yayin da ilimi - da aikin kwakwalwa.

Shafi tunanin mutum da ayyukan actuates babban adadin jijiya Kwayoyin, maimakon jiki, kamar yadda shafi tunanin mutum aiki hadaddun m, m da multifaceted.

Jiki gajiya mafi palpable ta jiki aiki fiye da daga shafi tunanin mutum aiki. Bugu da kari, a kan abin da ya faru na jiki da gajiya na aikin za a iya tsaya, ba shi yiwuwa su dakatar da shafi tunanin mutum aiki.

Sana'a na jiki aiki

Don kwanan wata, fiye da jiki aiki bukatar, da kuma kere da ma'aikata don a sami wani aiki sauƙin fiye "masana." Labor karancin sa a gwada high kudi ga wasan kwaikwayon na aikin bukata jiki kokarin. Bugu da kari, idan nauyi jiki aikin yi a cikin m adam kiwon lafiya yanayi, samar da domin karin biya a majalisu matakin.

Light jiki aiki da hannu: samar da ma'aikata, manajoji wani sarrafa kansa tsari, sandarsa, seamstresses, Agronomists, dabbobi, jinya, Jami'an likitoci, masu sayar da kerarre dukiya, ilimin motsa jiki malamai, kocina, wasanni kulake, da dai sauransu

Domin aikin da tare da jiki ayyuka na matsakaici mai tsanani ne: inji aiki woodworking da metalworking masana'antu, makaniki, m, Likita, sunadarai, yadi ma'aikacin, direba, masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci da ma'aikata, ma'aikaci a cikin gida Sphere kuma a cikin filin na da dafa abinci, da mai sayarwa na samar da manufa na kaya , reluwe, direba na dagawa kai.

Domin fasahohin da wuya jiki aiki ne: yi, kusan duk iri na aikin da makaniki, mai hakar gwal surface, wani ma'aikaci na mai, iskar gas, da ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma takarda, itace aiki masana'antu, metallurgy, foundry da sauransu.

Domin aikin da tare da jiki aiki ya karu mai tsanani hada da: a karkashin kasa hakar gwal, steelworker, fellers, su raba ƙasar da na itace, masonry, kankare ma'aikacin, excavator, Loader ba mechanized aiki, wani ma'aikacin a filin na kayan gini (ba mechanized aiki).

aiki aiki

Labor yana da wadannan ayyuka:

• da hannu a cikin haifuwa na dũkiya (shi ne daya daga cikin abubuwan da na samarwa) tsara su don saduwa mutum bukatun.
• halitta zamantakewa dũkiya.
• Yana taimaka wa ci gaban al'umma.
• Ana sa da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha da al'adu;
• An hannu a cikin samuwar mutum.
• Yana abubuwa a matsayin kai-tsari da kuma nuni na fatan mutum.

Rawar da aiki a rayuwar mutum

"A aikin da birai sanya mutumin" - a saba magana, ko ba haka ba? Shi ne a cikin wannan jumla ta'allaka mai zurfi ma'ana, wanda ya nuna mafi girma rawar da aiki a kowane rayuwar mu.

Aiki Experience damar da mutum ya zama mutum, kuma mutum - a gane. Labor - Wakili na ci gaba, saye da sabon ilmi, basira da kuma kwarewa.

Abin da ya faru na gaba? Man cultivators, yakan mallaki ilimi da kwarewa, dangane da wanda halitta sabon samfurori, ayyuka da al'adu da dabi'u, har suka sa kimiyya da ci gaban fasaha, haddasa sabon bukatun da cikakken gamsar da su.