Nau'in na gas masks da kuma labarin na ga halittarsu ba

A 1915, mutum yana yi wani sabon m episode: sojojin daya daga cikin yaƙe jam'iyyun farko amfani da makaman kare dangi. Kusa da garin Ypres a kan matsayin da sojojin Faransa da Jamus aika wani rafi da chlorine - da kuma dubban sojoji mutu a cikin wani gajeren lokaci.

Gaskiyar cewa wannan laifi ba zai hukunta ku ba, shi ya bayyana sosai da ewa ba, kuma da mayar da martani gas harin da aka ba dade a cikin zuwan. Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, masana kimiyya da Entente da kuma kawance da Austria-Hungary jihohin gane bayyane: guba mutane ne sauƙin fiye da ajiye, da kuma ma fiye da haka in warkar.

Rasha ya ba da Mafarin na yin amfani da likitan mata, amma a cikin kasar da aka kirkiro a gas mask. A matsayin gaskiya masanin kimiyya, Nikolai Zelinsky gwada da na'urar a kansa, sai ya ciyar a 'yan mintuna a cikin wani dakin cika tare da cakuda chlorine da phosgene (fi na kowa soja na guba lokacin), kuma aka saki abinsa lafiya.

Nau'in na gas masks a lokacin yakin duniya ba su sãɓã ba bambancin. Sun kasance sũ ne duk replicas na da sabuwar dabara Zelinsky kuma kawai nau'i na masks daban-daban, kasar na asalin da sunan. Dogara da kariya da aka bayar a taron cewa babu bata lokaci ba tare da sa a kan, da kuma roba da karfe akwatin ba su lalace.

A jira na wani sabon yakin duniya shige twenties kuma kusan duk na thirties na XX karni. A Tarayyar Soviet, na yau da kullum yakin tsaron bada shirya ba kawai sojoji na Red Army, amma kuma ma'aikatan masana'antu Enterprises, kazalika da fararen hula. Akwai sabon iri tace masks, suka yi nufi ga manya, yara, da dawakai (babban zane karfi da kuma sojojin doki sansanonin) da kuma ko da karnuka, wanda rawa a mai zuwa yakin da aka ba tukuna bayyana.

All WWII Jamus sojoji a kai a kai jan cylindrical corrugated lokuta da gas masks, amma su ba a bukata, Jamus ci ba tare da yaƙi jamiái. The Nazis ma bai yi kuskure ya yi amfani da su, da sanin game da babba reserves daga abokan adawar.

Amma bayan da ya lashe wani sabon yaki, da sanyi, da kuma a cikin shakka akwai irin wannan poisons, da abin da tace sun m. RH kwayoyin (yawanci binary, cewa yana zama m bayan hadewar biyu gwada da m aka gyara) ya sami kasa kunna carbon suka rasa. A mayar da martani ga ƙirƙira sabon iri masks, yafi rufi. A karshen su ne kusan kashi sarari ko karkashin ruwa kwat da wando da wani oxygen tushen da kuma cikakken sealing ciki sarari.

Amma ba kawai soja barazanar sun kara kuzari da ci gaban na sirri m kayan aiki. XX karni da aka zamanin da manyan sikelin-mutumin da aka yi da barazanar. Aiki a kan cutarwa shuke-shuke da aka samun saurin bunkasuwar sinadaran masana'antu, samar da rediyoaktif da makaman nukiliya reactors bukatar wani qualitatively sabon matakan tsaro. Akwai iri masks, wanda ba za a iya amfani da a fagen yaƙi, amma quite tasiri a cikin m yanayi.

Alal misali, a ma'aikacin cewa ya yi aikin tsabtace ko gyara daga cikin jirgin ruwa wanda ba shi yiwuwa numfasawa, sa mask bayar da wani dogon tiyo, wacce ake kawota tare da tsabta iska.

A wasu lokuta, dangane da yanayin da samu, shi ne zai yiwu don amfani na al'ada da kuma respirators cewa kare da kura watsawa. A ainihi, shi ne kuma, ko da sosai Saukake da kuma rahusa, amma masks. Nau'in da kuma manufar magunguna sun zama more bambancin da m na'urorin amfani da sojoji, ne ma tsada, don samar da su ga farar hula dalilai.

Don rarrabe tsakanin iri gas masks a kan shaci na mai karye. Ba kamar tace da ciwon m kwalaye gwada da kananan size, a haɗe ko dai kai tsaye zuwa mask ko connectable tare da shi da corrugated tiyo an bayar da wani insulating wajen capacious tafki da matsa oxygen. Amfani da karshen bukatar tsanani shiri, da zane ne rikitarwa kaya tare da wani bawul da tank da wani absorber na carbon dioxide. Bugu da ƙari kuma, an insulating mask ne m su yi amfani da dukan jiki ba tare da kariya, wadda tabbatar hermetic kwat da wando musamman roba. Modern poisons shiga ta hanyar fata.