Nau'in tattalin arzikin. halaye na

Rarraba kimiyya mamaki ya kasance kullum da wuya isa. A daidai zabi na rabuwa halayyar za fi mayar dogara a kan ta tushe da kuma nasara. Don zaɓar da iri tattalin arzikin a zamani kimiyya fuskanci amfani da daban-daban da ãyõyinMu. Tun da hanyoyin da kira da kuma faye hali na noma tsarin, akwai da dama, da kuma sukayi fassara zai zama quite mai yawa.

A sharudda ga iri na tattalin arziki da tsarin

Don matakin abstraction idan akai la'akari da daban-daban na tattalin arziki da kuma tsarin su yi shi fiye da kusa da na ainihi matakai abin da ke faruwa a cikin zaman jama'a da kuma tattalin arziki rai, ya kamata la'akari da filaye a kan wanda aka classified.

A daidai da data kasance nau'i na tattalin arziki ware daban na tattalin arziki da cinikayya da na halitta irin na musayar. Idan muka rarraba iri jihar na tattalin arzikin a kan asali nau'i na ikon mallakar, an kasaftawa al'umma, masu zaman kansu da dukiya, m da kuma jama'a da kuma gauraye-daban na noma.

By hanya na kula da ayyuka tattalin arziki 'yan wasan kwaikwayo rarrabe waɗannan asali iri, duka a gargajiya kasuwar, na yau da kullum housekeeping. Shi ne ya fi kowa irin rarrabuwa. Gabatar da iri na tattalin arziki da tsarin da su halaye cikakkiyar hoto na bude fasali na tattalin arzikin na karshe ƙarni biyu.

Sauran rarrabuwa na daban na tattalin arziki da tsarin

Idan muka yi la'akari da littattafai na samun kudin shiga rarraba hanya, za ka iya zaɓar da irin zamantakewa equalization, tare da rarraba kudin shiga daidai da ƙasa, tare da rarraba kudin shiga daidai da dalilai na samarwa, da rarraba da adadin aiki shigar.

Bisa ga irin gwamnatin sa baki rarrabe free, m, administrative tawagar, kudin-sarrafawa da kuma gauraye-daban na tattalin arziki. Kuma bisa ga rarrabẽwa na hannu a cikin tattalin arzikin duniya za a iya gano sadarwa bude da kuma rufe tsarin.

Bisa ga digiri na balaga da tsarin suna bambanta a kunno kai, ɓullo, balagagge kuma m iri jihar na tattalin arziki.

A gargajiya rarrabuwa tsarin

A zamani Western adabi, akwai fi na kowa rarrabuwa, wanda ya ƙunshi kawai uku daban-daban na tattalin arziki da tsarin. A rubuce-rubucen na K. R. Makkonnella da SL Brue ware tsarin irin na gargajiya, kasuwa da kuma umurnin da irin tattalin arziki.

Duk da haka, a karshe ƙarni biyu a duniya, akwai mutane da yawa fiye da iri gudanar da tsarin. Wadannan sun hada da kasuwar tattalin arzikin da free gasar (m capitalism), wani zamani kasuwar tattalin arzikin (capitalism, free), gargajiya, kuma Gudanarwa-umurnin tsarin.

The gabatar model ne daban-daban iri-iri na ci gaban tattalin arziki a mutum kasashen. Saboda haka, iri na tattalin arziki da kuma tsarin da halaye ya kamata a yi la'akari a kan tushen da wadannan siffofin.

m capitalism

Market tattalin arziki, free gasar ta, kafa a cikin XVIII karni. kuma daina wanzuwa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata na farko na karni na ashirin. Very da yawa daga cikin abubuwa na wannan tsarin ya shiga wani zamani kasuwar tattalin arzikin.

A rarrabe siffofin tsarki jari hujja ne da kamfanoni masu zaman ikon mallakar zuba jari, albarkatun kasa da tsarin ba da tsari a Macro matakin dogara ne a kan free gasar, da yawa na masu saye da masu sayarwa, wanda ke gudanar da ayyukansu a kowane filin. An ma'aikaci da kuma wani dan kasuwa aiki a matsayin daidai doka jamiái na kasuwar Sin.

Nau'in na tattalin arzikin kasuwanci har sai karni na ashirin aka ƙaddara da ci gaban tattalin arziki da kuma kasuwar price. Wannan tsarin tabbatar da mafi m, iya daidaita zuwa ga hakikar da na aiki na tattalin arziki da dangantakar a cikin al'umma.

zamani tsarin jari hujja

A halin yanzu kasuwar tattalin arzikin fito a cikin farkon karni na ashirin. wani lokaci na saurin ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha juyin juya halin. A wannan lokacin, jihar fara rayayye da tasiri ga cigaban kasa tattalin arziki.

Planning aka gani a matsayin wani kayan aiki na gwamnati a gudãnar da tattalin arziki. Wadannan iri tattalin arziki ba ka damar da sauri daidaita zuwa canza kasuwar bukatun. Bisa kasuwa bincike kulla tare da ikon yinsa, da kuma tsarin da kayayyakin, kazalika da untuk fifiko yankunan STP.

Manyan kamfanonin da jihar fara ware karin albarkatun ga ci gaban da mutum factor (ilimi, kiwon lafiya, zamantakewa da sabis). A jihar a raya ƙasashe yau aiwatarda up to 40% na kasafin kudin asusun tarayya domin yaki da talauci. Jawo ra'ayinsu Kamfanoni damu game da ma'aikata, allocating kudade ga kyautata na yanayin aiki da kuma jin dadin jama'a domin su ma'aikata.

A gargajiya tsarin of management

A tattalin arziki} asashen dake tasowa a adana tsarin na amfani da manual aiki da baya da baya fasaha. A wasu daga cikin wadannan kasashe da aka mamaye halitta-da zamantakewa siffofin rarraba halitta samfurin. The main iri tattalin arzikin a underdeveloped kasashen a fagen management presupposes kasancewar babban adadin kananan harkokin kasuwanci da kuma masana'antu. Wannan sa na baƙauye handicraft Enterprises. A babbar rawa a cikin tattalin arzikin wadannan kasashe waje babban birnin taka.

A cikin al'umma, dauke da gargajiya tsarin tattalin arziki na shirya muhimmanci ne hadisai, al'adu, addini da dabi'u, caste division da kuma sauran abubuwan taushẽwarsu fasaha ci gaba.

Jihar redistributes kasa samun kudin shiga ta hanyar da kasafin kudin. Its rawa ne quite aiki, tun da shi ne gwamnatin tsakiya allocates kudi ga zaman goyon bayan da matalautan segments na al'ummar jihar.

Gudanarwa-umurnin tsarin

Wannan tsarin ake kira mai Karkasa tsarin tattalin arziki. Ta dominance mika baya a Gabashin Turai, a wasu kasashen Asiya, kazalika da a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Wannan tsarin tattalin arziki ne har yanzu ake magana a kai a matsayin Karkasa. An halin zaman jama'a da ikon mallakar, wanda a gaskiya ne gwamnatin, duk da tattalin arziki da albarkatun, bureaucratization na tattalin arzikin, administrative shiryawa.

A centralized tsarin tattalin arziki ya shafi kai tsaye iko da kusan dukan samar daga rai guda cibiyar - iko. Jihar gaba daya iko da rarraba kayayyakin da samar. Shi ne da monopolization dukkan yankunan tattalin arziki. A matsayin sakamako na hanawa lura kimiyya da ci gaban fasaha.

A halin yanzu tsarin da kansa takamaiman saituna a akida. Sun bayyana aiwatar da shirin da girma da kuma tsarin samar da shi ne ma rikitarwa to amince da shi kai tsaye zuwa kera. A tsakiyar sãka wamãkirci m tsarin da sauran bukatun al'ummar jihar. Riga canje-canje a cikin bukatun da irin wannan babban sikelin ba zai yiwu. Saboda haka, ka sadu da mafi kadan da su.

Mixed tsarin tattalin arziki

A halin yanzu halin da ake ciki a duniya ba ya faruwa wani tsarin da ciwon fasali na daya kawai irin tsarin tattalin arziki na jihar. Wannan irin gauraye tattalin arzikin. An halin da hada dokokin rawar da kasar a kan backdrop na kudi cin gashin na samarwa.

Gwamnati a halin yanzu tsarin daukawa fitar antitrust, haraji da kuma zamantakewa manufofin. A jihar goyon bayan sha'anin na zuwa da shi, kazalika da likita, tarbiyya da al'adu cibiyoyin. Manufofin gwamnati ne da nufin hana rashin aikin yi da kuma crises. Yana inganta zaman lafiya da kuma ci gaban tattalin arziki.

A downside na gabatar da tsarin ne rashin duniya model na ci gaba da kuma ci gaban da suke hari, daidai da kasa specificities.

Bayan dauke yanzu, da kuma yanzu daban na tattalin arziki, za su iya bambanta su tabbatacce kuma korau halaye. Wannan dabarar za ta ba da damar su kusantar da karshe game da ya dace kowace kungiya na tattalin arziki da ayyukan da ke jihar. Da ake ji da kyau siffofin kowace tsarin, gwamnatin iya mafi alhẽri sarrafa da tattalin arziki a halin yanzu da kuma shirya lokaci.