Nickel - menene wannan? Properties na nickel

Yana da aka 1751. A cikin wani karamin Swedish masanin kimiyya saboda Axel Frederick Krondstedtu bayyana kashi a lambar 17. A wannan lokacin da aka sani kawai 12 da aka sani karafa, da sulfur, phosphorus, arsenic da carbon. Suka ɗauki wa kamfanin ta sabon sunan shi - nickel.

A kadan tarihi

Domin shekaru masu yawa kafin wannan banmamaki samu na hakar gwal daga Saxony sun saba da tama, wanda zai iya zama kuskure domin jan tama. Kokarin cire jan daga wannan abu sun kasance m. Ji cheated, da tama fara da za a kira "kupfernikel" (a Rasha - "Copper Iblis").

Wannan tama sha'awar masana kan ma'adanai Krondstedt. Bayan da yawa wahalar samu sabon karfe, wanda suka kira nickel. Baton Research intercepted Bergman. Ya kara tsarkake karfe da kuma zo ga ƙarshe cewa wannan kashi kama baƙin ƙarfe.

Jiki Properties na nickel

Nickel ne kunshe a cikin goma kungiyar na abubuwa da kuma adana a karo na hudu lokacin, karkashin atomic yawan da lokaci-lokaci tebur a tebur 28. Idan za ka janye Ni alama ce, da shi ne nickel. Yana yana da wani rawaya ya dafa a kan azurfa akai. Ko a karfe iska ba ya zama whitish. Hard da kuma m isa. Yana lends kanta zuwa ga a ƙirƙira, don haka ba za ka iya yin sosai lafiya kayayyakin. Daidai goge. Nickel na iya zana tare da wani maganadisu. Ko a zazzabi na 340 digiri da debe hannu a bayyane Magnetic halaye na nickel. Nickel - wani karfe da cewa shi ne resistant zuwa lalata. Ya nuna rauni reactivity. Abin da za a iya ce game da sinadaran Properties na nickel?

sinadaran Properties

Menene ake bukata domin sanin ingantaccen abun da ke ciki na nickel? Akwai ya kamata ba canja wuri na kwayoyin halitta (wato su yawan) kunshi mu karfe. A matauni taro (ma kira atomic nauyi) daidai 58.6934 (g / mol). Tare da girma cigaban kara. A radius na mu karfe zarra 124 pm. Lokacin da aunawa da ion radius, sakamakon ya nuna (+ 2e) 69 nm da 115 nm lambar - ne covalent radius. A kan sikelin da sanannen crystallographer da kuma babban sunadarai Pauling electronegativity ne daidai 1,91, da kuma da m na e - 0.25 V.

mataki iska da kuma ruwa na nickel kusan negligible. A wannan za a iya ce da Alkali. Don me wannan ƙarfe haka amsa? Its surface aka halitta NiO. Wannan shafi ne da wani fim wanda ba ya oxidize. Idan nickel zafi sosai high yanayin zafi, sa'an nan ya fara nuna wani dauki da oxygen, da kuma abubuwa da halogens, tare da wasu.

Idan nickel samun shiga nitric acid, da dauki ba zai dauki dogon. Haka kuma an readily kunna a cikin bayani da ammonia.

Amma ba duk na acid abubuwa a kan nickel. Irin wannan acid kamar hydrochloric da sulfuric acid, an narkar da sosai sannu a hankali, amma lalle. Kokarin yi guda tare da phosphoric acid zuwa nickel a general ba su kasance m.

Nickel a cikin yanayi

Hasashe masana kimiyya ƙarasa da cewa da zuciyar mu duniya - shi ne wani gami, wanda ya ƙunshi 90% na baƙin ƙarfe ne da nickel a 10 sau kasa. Akwai gaban cobalt - 0.6%. A lokacin da juyawa a cikin rufi aka zaba duniya Layer na nickel kwayoyin halitta. Su ma suna cikin wadanda suka kafa sulfide jan-nickel tama, da tagulla, da launin toka. Wasu bolder nickel kwayoyin halitta ba su daina akwai kuma bude hanya a gaba. A surface kwayoyin halitta suna nemi a kamfanin da chromium, magnesium, baƙin ƙarfe. Bugu da ari, mu sahabbai karfe da aka oxidized da unclipped.

A surface na duniya faruwa da kuma ultrabasic kankara acid. Kallo na masana kimiyya, da nickel abun ciki a cikin acidic kankara ne sosai fiye da ƙananan a cikin ultramafic. Saboda haka, kasar gona da kuma ciyayi akwai yana da kyau wadãtar da nickel. Amma da tafiya na gwarzo a karkashin tattaunawa a Muciya, da ruwa ba haka ba ne m.

nickel tama

Industrial da kuma nickel ores ya kasu kashi biyu iri daban-daban.

1. Sulfide jan-nickel. Ma'adanai: magnesium, pyrrhotite, Kuban, Miler, petlandit, sperrylite - wannan shi ne abin da aka dauke a cikin wadannan ores. Godiya magma cewa kafa su. Daga sulfide ores kuma iya zama palladium, zinariya kuma mafi.
2. Silicate nickel tama. Su ne sako-sako da, kama lãka. Ore na irin wannan ne ferruginous, siliceous, magnesia.

Inda m nickel

Nickel da ake amfani a baje a cikin masana'antu irin wannan karfi da matsayin karfe. Wato, a cikin yi da fadi da dama gami. Yafi a cikin gami hada da baƙin ƙarfe, nickel da kuma cobalt. Akwai da yawa gami, wadda ake bisa kan login nickel. Ta haɗa mu da karfe gami, kamar titanium, chromium, molybdenum. Nickel ana amfani kare kayayyakin da cewa da sauri corrodes. Wannan samfurin nickel, cewa shi ne, don ƙirƙirar musamman nickel shafi da cewa ya hana lalata su sa su m kasuwanci.

Nickel - mai kyau mai kara kuzari. Saboda haka, an yadu amfani a cikin sinadaran masana'antu. Wannan kayan aiki, glassware, inji for daban-daban aikace-aikace. Domin sunadarai, abinci, bayarwa da kwasfansu, ajiya na da muhimmanci mai amfani da tankunan yaki da tankuna sanya na nickel kayan. Ba tare da wannan ƙarfe ba zai iya yi a atomic fasahar, talabijin, a wani iri-iri na'urorin, a jerin wanda shi ne tsawo sosai.

Idan ka duba a wannan fanni, kamar yadda kayan aiki, bi a fagen aikin injiniyan inji, za mu iya ganin cewa anodes da cathodes - a nickel zanen gado. Kuma wannan ba dukan jerin da yin amfani da irin wannan ban mamaki karfe. Kada rashin sanin cikakken farashi da darajar nickel da kuma magani.

Nickel a magani

Nickel da ake amfani a magani ne sosai m. Don fara, bari mu dauki kayan aikin da ake bukata domin aiki. A sakamakon da aiki dogara ba kawai a kan likita, amma kuma a kan ingancin kayan aiki, wanda ya aiki. Instruments batun mahara sterilization, kuma idan an yi su ne daga wani gami da cewa ba ya hada nickel, da lalata ba dogon jira. Kuma da kayan aikin da aka yi da karfe, wanda ya ƙunshi nickel, a tsawon yawa rayuwa.

Idan muka magana game da implants yi su taso kan ruwa nickel gami. Nickel karfe yana high ƙarfi. Na'urorin don kayyade kasũsuwa, ashe, hakoran roba, sukurori - duk sanya daga wannan karfe. A Dentistry, implants, kuma, suka ɗauki karfi matsayi. Clasps, bakin karfe Katakon orthodontists amfani.

Nickel a rayayyun kwayoyin halitta

Idan ka duba a duniya daga kasa-up, da hoton ne game da wannan. A karkashin ƙafa na mu gona. A nickel abun ciki a cikin shi fiye da a tsirin. Amma idan muka yi la'akari da ciyayi a karkashin Prism wanda muka damu, da babban abun ciki na nickel ne a cikin legume. A nickel yawan ƙaruwa a hatsi da amfanin gona.

La'akari a taƙaice da talakawan nickel abun ciki a cikin shuke-shuke, marine kuma terrestrial dabbobi. Kuma ba shakka, a cikin mutum. The ji ne a cikin nauyi bisa dari. Saboda haka, da taro na nickel a tsire-tsire 5 * 10 ^-5. Nazarin sasannin dabbobi 1 * 10 ^-6, marine dabbobi 1.6 * 10 ^-4. Kuma Human nickel abun ciki 1-2 * 10 ^-6.

Rawar da nickel a cikin jikin mutum

Lafiya da kuma kyau mutum kana so ka zama ko da yaushe. Nickel - shi ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci ma'adanai a cikin jikin mutum. Nickel yawanci accumulates a cikin huhu, kodan da kuma hanta. nickel jari a cikin mutane da aka samu a cikin gashi na thyroid da kuma pancreas. Kuma dai ba duka. Menene karfe a jiki? Sa'an nan za mu iya amince ce cewa ya kuma Sweden, da kuma mai girbi, da kuma mutum igrets. wato:

• ba tare da nasara, kokarin taimakawa wajen samar da Kwayoyin tare da oxygen.
• hadawan abu da iskar shaka-rage aiki a cikin tsokoki ma fada a kan kafadu na nickel.
• ba shakka ya dauki bangare a gudãnar da jiki ta hormonal matakan.
• a amince oxidizes bitamin C;
• Yana za a iya ambata ta da hannu a cikin metabolism na mai.
• Nickel babban sakamako a kan jini.

Ina son a lura da muhimmancin da nickel a cikin cell. Wannan microelement kare cell membrane da kuma nucleic acid, wato da zane.

Ko da yake jerin ayyukan cancanci nickel za a iya ci gaba. Daga sama, mun lura cewa nickel jiki yana bukatar. Wannan alama ma'adinai a jikin mu zo daga abinci. Yawancin lokaci nickel a cikin jiki isa, saboda shi dole ne quite a bit. Ƙararrawa karrarawa na mu rashin karfe - shi ne bayyanar dermatitis. Ga darajar nickel a cikin mutane.

Gami da nickel

Akwai su da yawa daban-daban gami da nickel. A nan ne babban uku kungiyoyin.

Na farko da kungiyar hada gami da nickel da tagulla. Suna da ake kira nickel-jan gami. A abin da rabbai zai ba Fused wadannan biyu abubuwa, sakamakon shi ne mai ban mamaki da kuma mafi muhimmanci - ba surprises. The kama gami tabbas ne. Idan akwai kyauta mafi jan fiye da nickel, shi ne mafi karfi bayyana Properties na jan karfe, da kuma idan m nickel, nickel gami farfado hali.

Nickel-jan gami suke rare a samar da tsabar kudi, da na'ura sassa. Gami Constantine, a cikin abin da kusan 60% na jan karfe, da sikeli nickel, da ake amfani da su kirkiri na mafi girma daidaito.

La'akari gami da nickel da chromium. Nichrome. Resistant zuwa lalata, acid, zafi-resistant. Irin wannan gami amfani ga jet injuna, makaman nukiliya reactors, amma kawai idan suka gabatar 80% nickel.

Mu ci gaba da na uku kungiyar gami. Yana gami da baƙin ƙarfe. Raba su a cikin 4 iri.

1. Heat-resistant - resistant zuwa high yanayin zafi. Wannan gami shi ne kusan 50% qunshi nickel. Akwai iya zama a hade da molybdenum, titanium, aluminum.
2. Magnetic - ƙara permeability, sau da yawa amfani da wutar lantarki, aikin injiniya.
3. Anticorrosion - ba tare da wannan gami ba zai iya yi a samar da sunadarai kayan aiki, kazalika da lokacin aiki a maƙiya yanayin. A gami hada da molybdenum.
4. Gami da cewa rike da size da kuma ƙarfi. A thermocouple a cikin gagarumar wuta. A nan ne akwai irin wannan gami. Lokacin da tsanani da ajiye size girma da kuma elasticity aka rasa. nickel ya zama dole don gami da yake tãre da irin kaddarorin? Metal a cikin gami ya zama kamar 40%.

Nickel a cikin gida

Idan ka duba wurin, za ka iya ganin cewa nickel gami kewaye wani mutum a ko'ina. Bari mu fara da furniture. Gami kare tushe na furniture daga lalacewa, cutarwa effects. Kula da na'urorin haɗi. Ko da yake a kan taga, ko da a kan furniture. Ana iya amfani da na dogon lokaci, kuma ya dubi kyau sosai. Mun ci gaba da yawon shakatawa da gidan wanka. A nan, nickel-free hanya. Shower Heads, bawul, mahautsini - duk abin da yake nickel-plated. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu a manta da cewa irin wannan lalata. Shin ba ka jin kunya to dubi samfurin, saboda shi ya dubi kyau da kuma kula da kayan ado. Details da nickel-plated samu a na ado Tsarin.

Nickel ba za a iya kira qananan karafa. Wasu ma'adanai da kuma ores iya fariya na nickel. Ni farin ciki cewa irin wannan wani kashi ne yanzu a kan wannan duniya tamu, kuma ko da a cikin jikin mutum. A nan sai ya taka a goge a cikin hematopoietic matakai, kuma ko da DNA. Yadu a yi amfani da fasaha. Its primacy nickel tsiwirwirinsu ta hanyar sunadarai juriya a lokacin da shafi kariya.

Nickel - wani karfe cewa yana da wani girma a nan gaba. Lalle ne, a cikin wasu yankunan shi ne makawa.