Non-wanda aka samu da kuma wanda aka samu kalmomi: misalai

Morphologically invariable ɓangare na kalmar cewa daukawa lexical ma'anar - shi ne tushe, shi ne dangane da shi suna daban-daban wadanda ba wanda aka samu da kuma wanda aka samu kalmomi. Kowane tushe yana da dama: da fasali da kuma semantically.

bambance-bambance

Non-wanda aka samu akai ba semantically m, saboda ba za a iya bayyana tare da taimakon related kalmomi, kuma shi ne morphologically nechlenima. A da tsarin, shi ne daidai da tushen kalmar. Ga misali: -A katako. jarumi th. -o irin; s koguna da sauransu.

Wadannan tushe ne ba wanda aka samu. Kuma kalmar da aka samu a cewar wadannan halaye za a iya bambanta: semantically motsa, ya bayyana zabin da alaka da tushe. A tsarin shi ne mai sauki chlenima cikin biyu daidai a naúrar darajar, cewa ne sosai tushe, ta samar da samu kalmomi, da kuma sa preformative. Misalai zai zama guda: katako -n-th. -skeleton jarumi; irin-daga-wata;

A farko block - tushe

Non-wanda aka samu da kuma wanda aka samu kalmomi koma zuwa yankin na kalmar samuwar, inda tsakiya ra'ayi ne kafuwar - tushe ko samar. Daga mai tushe a cikin tsari da kuma ma'anar, abin da yake daidai, da aka nuna wanda aka samu, daidai saboda ta ke dauke da za a wajen sanarwa da himmatuwa ga wanda aka samu daga cikin substrate. Saboda haka, tushe na wani wanda aka samu kalmar ne dalilin himmatuwa. Alal misali, a cikin kalma-itace ist- farko na asali kafuwar - itace, amma shi ne tushen da siffa lesist- himmatuwa. Kamar wancan ne daban-daban da kuma wanda aka samu kalmomi da kuma Kalam.

A farko block wannan kalma-gini kafuwar tsarin ne itace, da kuma shi ne tushe, kamar yadda a wani samu kalma. Ta, bi da bi, za su iya zama da wadanda ba wanda aka samu, saboda duk abin da ya dogara da ikon karya a cikin memba. Alal misali, kalmar wooded -skeleton. A dukkan lokuta, shi ne duk game da mataki wanda aka samu. Wannan shi ne, mataki na farko - a wanda aka samu daga cikin kalma, samu daga tushen morpheme, suna ba wanda aka samu akai, da kuma duk m matakai sa kalma wanda aka samu.

makircinsu

Kalam kuma maras tushe na wata kalma a cikin formative tsarin za a iya wakilta da wadannan makirci:

1. Basic tushe (I) + preformative kari na baya baki (II) + inflexion. Misalai: m -skeleton. -k-da peq. knizh n-th.

2. Kalmar-samuwar prefix (II) + tushe tsarin (I) + inflexion. Misalai: HA vseg a. pra- VNU k.

3. Word-samuwar prefix (II) + tushe tsarin (I) + derivational kari na baya baki (II) + inflexion. Misalai: co tattaunawa -No-k; pri- teku -rm rd.

Kamar haka za a iya tsara daga sama makircinsu asali alamu na kalmar samuwar a Rasha harshe. Kalam da kuma wadanda ba tushe kalmomi quite sauƙi demarcated.

asali shikan

A farko mulki: Maganar ne ko da yaushe kafa ta core tsarin, wanda yake shi ne samuwa a cikin harshe da kuma taimako a cikin wannan tsari, derivational affixes. A general, ainihin kafuwar - wani aikin ra'ayi, saboda yana iya zama daya ga yawan kalmomi, a gaskiya daga wannan tushen, mun samar da 'yan kuma wani lokacin mutane da yawa wasu. Alal misali, suna faruwa dukan manufofi, abin da ya bambanta kawai a formative affixes: -A kai - kai -n-th - -ast shugaban farko. - Eye n-th - -ast ido na farko, da sauransu.

All kalmomi suna da dukiya na Kalam da kuma wadanda ba ma'anar kalmar daga wannan sun fi mayar dogara. Amma tsarin gudanar ne duk Kalam. Idan ta chlenima tushe, to, akwai matsaloli, da kuma ko da kurakurai a cikin formative affixes. Alal misali: a suna, kamar yadda wani iyawa, zo daga siffa talented, kuma ba sabanin haka ba, kamar yadda ko da yaushe ya faru. Suna iyawa na farko ya samar da wata gwaninta -liv farko, kuma kawai a nan kuma akwai wani sabon suna tare da sa - kashin baya. In ba haka ba, za mu yi "-skeleton iyawa" kamar yadda wani abu mummuna.

affixes

Na biyu mulki: dukkan kalmomi a daya ji asali sansanonin ake samu ta hanyar wannan sa ko daya daga cikin irin. A nan, da manufa na na ginin jumla derivability hidima kafuwar motivational dangantakar asali kalmomi kuma su Kalam. Hakika, wannan ƙara da wuya ga manufa da sabon abu na mahara kalmomi. A Rasha, yawancin su polysemous, kuma wannan aka nuna a cikin kalma samuwar.

Rara tsarin da wanda aka samu da wani multivalued asali kalmar sau da yawa quite cin zarafi daban-daban daga juna. Wanda aka samu yawanci yana da wani abu to ku aikata abu guda, a raba darajar, kuma wannan ya bambanta daga asali shikan. Ga babban rawa da Kalam da kuma wadanda ba kalma akai. Misalai za a iya samu a ko'ina. Kai da siffa haihuwa. Dabi'u da shi 'yan: wani mutum, dabba ko wani abu da ya kai tsufa. wani abu dogon, data kasance tun zamanin da. dogon amfani, da haihuwa, fuck up daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. haihuwa; banza, da inganci; haihuwa, m, daga-daga-kwanan wata kuma mai yawa fiye. A rukunin samu daga kalmar da ake dangantawa da yawa farko tushen tushe sansanonin darajar: na tsufa tsohon mutumin girma haihuwa, da haihuwa, da haihuwa, tsufa, shekaru da sauransu. Saboda haka shi ya bayyana Kalam, canza farko darajar.

Non-wanda aka samu kalmomi

An sani cewa iyaka tsakanin azuzuwan cewa wakiltar ainihin 'yan adawa na abin da kalmar wanda aka samu da kuma wadanda ba wanda aka samu da, tsananin isa. Aktsentologichesky analysis riko da cewa bambanci haka cewa a ba wanda aka samu Categories ne kalmomi da ba na ginin jumla dangane da wani a zahiri data kasance kalma a cikin Rasha harshe. Su suna da yawa: da kaya, marubucin, rai, da ruwa, da karfi, kai, da kuma a kan haka. Bugu da kari, ba wanda aka samu ya zama wata kalma da tushe odnomorfnoy - Shusha Barking, yanã tafiya da gaggãwa da sauransu. Har ila yau daga cikin wadanda ba wanda aka samu zai zama wata kalma, sai su yi magana, "Sauki da".

Abin da ya aikata "Kalam kuma ba wanda aka samu kalmomi" zama bayarda lokacin da bayyana ka'idojin morpheme connection. Connections iya zama m, kuma ba. Yadda connect biyu kalma-siffofin a kalma daya? Babban part - da kansa data kasance kalma form. Processing kuma refining, ja da kyau, in kuma fita - miliyan misalai. Wannan shi ne na karshe - tam sãdar, kuma na farko - loosely.

Kalma-ma'aikata

Yana ba za a iya rikita wanda aka samu da kuma samar da wata kalma. Sarrafa - aiki kai tsaye daga gare shi, kuma a can ne wanda aka samu, da kudi kashin na maimaita parental halaye, amma ba gaba ɗaya, kazalika da game da dan shi ne kamar, da uwa tasa, da kuma mahaifinsa, har ma a cikin babban-inna: akwai ƙarshen truncated, da kuma wani lokacin da kuma kari na baya baki vuya. Work-nick - aiki-AMB. a-sarkar-akwaku - da-sarkar-shi da sauransu. Ga samar da kalmar ne canzawa, da kuma wani wanda aka samu ya samu ta hanyar affixes kuma shi ne sau da yawa ba m da kalmomi na yau da kullum a akai.

A kan wannan batu - "wanda aka samu da kuma wadanda ba wanda aka samu kalmomi" - a takaice daga cikin darasi zai zama mai ban sha'awa, saboda derivation ne sosai karfi hade da dukkan siffofin samuwar dan'adam. Malamin kawai shimfiɗa ba a zabin da misalai, kwatancen kuma zane-zane.

bincike na

Don kwatanta da bincike na da wanda aka samu kalmar da kalmomi da suka shafi da shi, da cewa shi ne kusa a ma'anar da kuma sauti, za ka iya ba, kuma shi ne yake aikata sau da yawa sosai. Yana da wuya ba wani iyakarsa amsar wannan tambaya na abin da ake kira da ba wanda aka samu kalmomi. Kalam kuma sauki ta yi aiki. Wannan lokaci da kanta ne ma m, kamar yadda da ya rufe wata babbar derivational gida, inda Kalam ba kawai samar da wani tsarin da cewa muna da sha'awar a, amma kuma da yalwa da kalmomi da ba su da alakarsu da shi, mai yawa related abokai.

Alal misali, siffa-lokaci jawabin-chiv farko. Za ka iya kawo related kalmomi: lokaci-yare-yus, lokaci-gaya-shi-hsia, lokaci-yare-illolin, lokaci-muryoyin-ko-zango. Kuma akwai daya kawai, na biyu zai zama m, kuma shi ne kafa kai tsaye daga shi ne wani yankin. A karshe biyu yi karin, ba su bayar da gudummawa ga zaba lamba bincike na shugabanci, saboda siffa lokaci-yare-chiv farko kafa ba daga fi'ili da kuma suna lokaci-magana, cewa shi ne, daga substativnoy samar da kwasfansu, da kuma elapsed lokaci (form) - daga tushen fi'ili, wanda ya hada komai suffixes matsayin ƙarin abubuwa. Daga nan kuma ana iya gani, wanda ke nufin ba wanda aka samu da kuma wanda aka samu da wata kalma a cikin kalma-samuwar.

Kuma duk da haka - Definition

Non-wanda aka samu kalmomi za a iya daukan kamar yadda waɗanda suke cewa ba su kafa ko kafa daga duk wani sauran data kasance guda-kafe a cikin harshen kalmomi. A Kalam na kalmomi - kawai kishiyar. Wannan samuwar kalmomi riga data kasance a cikin harshen, da taimakon daban-daban model na kalmar samuwar. A dalili ga shi ne dangantakar da ke tsakaninsu cognate kalmomi. The darajar daya daga cikinsu aka ƙaddara ko dai ta wani darajar (kaguwa - kaguwa-IR, watau, kananan, amma har yanzu a kaguwa), ko ta hanyar wani ainihi a duk aka gyara, fãce ga nahawu ma'anar magana (White Ground - fari-phi-a , m-to-a - guje da sauransu).

Formative sarkar kira jerin kalmomin da na kowa tushen, an consistently m. A farko, asali mahada - unmotivated magana, sa'an nan kowace kalma sabuwar kafa dalili tsiro. Kamar wancan ne aka ayyana, kuma Kalam, kuma wanda aka samu kalmomi. Misalai: tsohon farko - haihuwa-et - da-old-et - da-old-ci abinci farko - cikin-old-el-Awn. Ga chelyh hudu digiri na dalili, kuma tare suka yi har da derivational gida, inda da kajin haka yafi. Harufan kalma - kamar yadda idan tsuntsu-uwa, a irin ganiya - shi ne unmotivated. Daga shi zo kalma-kafa, sarƙoƙi da cewa suna da wannan asali kalmar.

morpheme

Da farko, dole ne ka bayar da ma'anar kowane kashi na tsarin. Sashe na daga cikin kalmar, wanda ya bayyana ta lexical ma'anar da aka kira da tushe. Lankwashewa - wannan shi ne karshen, wanda ko da yaushe nuna rabo na kalmar ga wasu. Tushen - ɓangare na kalmar, wanda shi ne kowa da kowa related. Affixes (ko formants) - morpheme, shiga saman da bauta ta samar da sabon kalmomi.

Modern Rasha kalma samuwar faruwa a hanyoyi da dama - biyu morphologically da nemorfologicheskimi. Da farko - a juna a hade morpheme a kan aiwatar da kalmar samuwar.

hanyoyi na kalmar samuwar

A morphological hanyoyin da kalmar samuwar su ne quite yawa.

1. Gina harsãshensa, cewa shi ne, da samuwar hadaddun kalmomin da slozhnosokraschonnyh (duniya-girgiza, sararin sama-Dome, tururi hanya da kuma aljanna-com, fuskar-babu, BEAC Bank).

2. Ba safai amfani bezaffiksny Hanyar yana aiki ne kawai ga sunaye, ya canjãwa bisa ga sauti, kuma a karshen danniya, amma akai zauna canzawa.

3. Affiksny - mafi m, a lokacin da shiga da tushen morpheme, samar da lexical da nahawu siffofin.

4. The kari na baya baki - kari na baya baki kara da tushe.

5. A yi laqani - prefix kara.

6. suffixal prefixing - daidai da kara sa'an nan, kuma mafi.

7. Postaffixal - sa kara bayan ƙulli.

Nemorfologicheskih hanyoyi na kalmar samuwar a duk uku: cikin lexical da kuma na ginin jumla (kalmar da wani sabon ma'anar), lexical da syntactic (tsohon tare da phrases kamar-hankali-sauko) da kuma morphological, syntactic, a lokacin da kalmomi zama sauran sassa na magana. Bayan koya dokoki na kalmar samuwar, mutane riga iya amsa abin da kalmomi Kalam da kuma wadanda ba Kalam waxanda suke ba.