Oles Honchar - Ukrainian Soviet marubuci

Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet mutane fara duba daban a da al'adunsu da kuma adabi, kokarin gane abin da aiki daga Soviet zamanin ya mai fitacciyar, da kuma cewa kawai aka kafa farfaganda. Saboda wannan, da yawa mai girma Soviet marubuta da aka bã da wani hakki manta. Daga gare su, marubucin m litattafan a cikin sittin Oles Gonchar.

farkon shekaru

Birthplace na marubuci Oles (Alexander Terent'evich) Gonchar a 1918 tare da. Lomovke, Dnipropetrovsk yankin. A haihuwa, ta haifi da sunan Bilichenko.

Bayan rasuwar Tatiana mahaifiyar - yaron ya kawai shekaru uku da haihuwa - saboda wuya dangantaka da ubansa da sabon matarsa Frosya matasa Sasha tafi ya zauna tare da kakansa da kuma masu juna biyu kaka a kauyen Suha, wanda sau da yawa karyata dauke da wani wuri da aka haife shi. Kakaninki kusan maye gurbin da yaron ta mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa, da kuma lokacin da ya jikansa makaranta, da ke rubuce da shi a karkashin sunan kansa - Gonchar.

Da yaron ya yi girma har ya tafi makaranta, ilminsa ya dauki sama da ya kawu Yakov Gavrilovich, wanda ya zama darektan wani gida factory. Godiya ga wannan matsayi, yana da mafi damar dauke da dan fiye da da kakaninku. Saboda haka, tare da yaron ta kawun iyali koma a tare. Khorishko. Duk da yake karatu a gida makaranta, ya zo a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da malami na Ukrainian harshe da adabi. Yana da aka yi masa godiya da cewa nan gaba marubuci yana sha'awar wallafe-wallafe, kuma ya karbi sunan barkwanci "Oles". Gaskiyar cewa malamin ya sha'awar na Ukrainian mawãƙi Oleksandr Oles da aka wuce a wa almajiri. Shekaru masu yawa daga baya, a littafinsa "The Cathedral", marubucin Halicci hali rubuta kashe tare da ya fi so malami.

Saboda motsi kawun Yakubu Alexander kammala karatunsa shekaru bakwai a kauyen Breusovke. A wannan lokacin, yana kokarin rubuta nasu guda da kuma articles, godiya ga wannan Guy bayan samun digiri sami aiki a cikin Editorial ofishin na shiyya jarida, da kuma bayan - a cikin yankin. A layi daya da aikin da maginin tukwane da aka a aikin jarida kwaleji birnin Kharkiv. Bayan samun digiri, Alexander ya fara aiki a matsayin malami a kauyen Manuylovke. A lokaci guda ya fara buga ta farko da labaru a cikin Ukrainian edition na "Majagaba", "Literary Gazette", "Komsomolets Ukrainy" da sauransu.

A shekara ta 1938, Oles Gonchar zama dalibi a Kharkov University Faculty of Philology. Akwai ya ci gaba da rubuta gajejjeran labaru, da kuma litattafan, amma ta wajen yin nazarin da farin ciki dade ba. The Great Patriotic War kuma Oles, zumunta da karatun, ya sadaukar da ga gaban.

A lokacin yakin, Gonchar ba har sai da wallafe-wallafen aikin, ko da yake wani lokacin ya rubuta wakoki da kuma dauki bayanin kula, wanda ake amfani da daga baya in ya labaru da kuma litattafan game da yaki, musamman a trilogy "Znamenonostsy".

Provoevav kusan shekaru biyar, da ciwon kasance a bauta, kuma sunã tsirfatãwa uku lambar yabo ga ƙarfin zuciya da kuma Order of Red Star Daya, a shekarar 1945 da marubuci ya koma gida. A lokacin yakin, mahaifinsa ya mutu, kuma biyu rabin 'yan'uwa, kazalika da yawa wasu abokai da kuma acquaintances. Duk da haka, da marubuci koma zuwa gaban a yanki daya. Ya "sa'a", ya bayyana cewa ko da yaushe kakarsa, a matsayin warai addini mace yi addu'a domin ta jikan. Maginin tukwane da kansa ya yi masa baftisma a matsayin yaro, da kuma imani da Allah, kuma, ya tare da girmamawa sosai ga tsoho haikalin da kuma ya nuna jin abokin gaba na halaka su, ko canji a cikin wani ma'ajiya. Daga baya, ya zai tãyar da wannan batu a cikin shahararrun labari, yanzu da "Cathedral".

A farkon da wallafe-wallafen aiki

Dawo daga yakin, Oles Gonchar koma Kiev da kuma shiga gida jami'a, ya ci gaba da horo da aka katse ta da yaƙi. A a layi daya, bisa ga har yanzu sabo ne tunanin da soja rubutu ya rubuta kuma aka buga da dama litattafan, sa'an nan daukan kan wani karin manyan-sikelin aiki - rubutu ya halarta a karon labari game da "Alps" (kashi na farko na trilogy "Znamenonostsy") yaki, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1946 a daya na kasa da wallafe-wallafen mujallu. A saki na farko Romana Gonchara canza rayuwarsa. Ya sanya da wallafe-wallafen manyan malaman na lokacin da za a biya da hankali ga sabon gwaninta a Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Saboda haka, a gane master of Ukrainian Soviet adabi Yuri Yanovsky yaba da matasa marubuci ta aiki da kuma yanke shawarar daukar shi a karkashin reshe. Saboda haka, bayan nasarar "Alps" Yanã kiran mai ginin tukwane koma Kiev halarci digiri na biyu makaranta da kuma ci gaba da aiki a kan sabon litattafan.

fitarwa

A cikin shekaru biyu, Oles Gonchar wallafa na biyu da kuma na uku litattafan a cikin jerin "Znamenonostsy": "The Blue Danube" da "Golden Prague", da kuma ma kada ka manta game da kananan litattafan. Trilogy "Znamenonostsy" marubucin ya kawo babba shahararsa ba kawai a cikin Ukrainian Soviet Socialist ta Tsakiya, amma kuma a ko'ina cikin kasar. Domin wannan marubuci, da sake zagayowar za a yi biyu Stalin Kyautukan da zama nasara da kuma gane, ta wani yardarsa zuwa karanta da kuma talakawa mutane da masana.

Duk da haka, kwatsam daraja bai taso Gonchar, duk da shahararsa, ya ci gaba da rubuta. Duk da haka, bayan da trilogy, marubucin yafi tana nufin short almarar da kuma wallafa labaru game da soja rayuwa.

A hamsin hamsin, bayan da labari Honchar "Bari hasken wuta Trisha" kawar da alama fim "The Girl tare da hasumiya mai fitila" a cikin shekara ta gaba a kan daya daga littafan harba wani movie - "Guerrilla walƙiya".

A daidai wannan lokacin, Oles Gonchar dilogii aiki a kan juyin juya halin Musulunci events a kudancin Ukraine. Its membobinsu hada da litattafan "Tavria" da "periscope". Abin baƙin ciki, suka bai zama kamar rare kamar yadda "Znamenonostsy" da kuma gajeren labarin marubuci. Duk da haka, a cikin wadannan litattafan, marubucin ya fara hankali motsa daga soja aikace-aikace, da kuma karin sha'awar a batun cikin lumana rayuwar talakawa mutane. Zai yiwu saboda yunkurin canza taken kerawa film jerin zo ba kamar yadda nasara kamar yadda farkon litattafan. Duk da m sanyi martani a 1959 "Tavria" da aka yin fim da kuma dogara ne a kan littafin da wannan sunan da aka halitta ballets kiɗa ta Vladimir Nakhabino.

Bugu da kari ga wallafe-wallafen aiki a cikin hamsin hamsin, mai ginin tukwane da kuma tsunduma aikin jarida, da kuma ya yi tafiya a baje ko'ina cikin duniya. A apogee wannan shekaru goma a gare shi ya zama zabe jagoran kungiyar na Writers na Ukraine, kazalika da sakataren kungiyar tarayyar Soviet Writers.

A sittin

A cikin shekaru goma Oles Gonchar mayar da hankali a kan fararen hula da kuma rayuwa ta peculiarities. A ƙarfi daga cikin gagarumin iyawa na marubuci ya kasa lura da cikakkun bayanai da kuma haifar da wata mai haske, romantic images a bango na yau da kullum na yau da kullum na rayuwar yau da kullum. Saboda haka mai ginin tukwane litattafan a cikin wannan lokaci ba su kasa cimma nasarar fiye da ya halarta a karon trilogy.

A shekarar 1960, marubucin wallafa labari "Man da kuma makamai", wanda ya nuna sabon fuskoki dabam-dabam na talanti ɗaya na marubucin. Domin wannan labari mai ginin tukwane zama na farko na lashe Taras Shevchenko Republican Prize. Ko da yake wannan aiki ne mai fitacciyar kuma a milestone a cikin aikin na marubuci, wajen da'irar Ukrainian wallafe-wallafen Elite, shi ba kamar yadda yaba da kuma rare kamar yadda sauran ayyukan ginin tukwane. Duk da haka, marubucin kansa topic "Man da kuma makamai" da aka quite kusa, don haka a cikin shekaru goma da zai dawo zuwa ta a-ci gaba labari "Cyclone". A batutuwa na wannan aiki sun fi mayar da overlaps tare da aikin da ya fi so malami marubuci Yuriya Yanovskogo.

Wani gagarumin Gonchar a kan halittar sittin ya zama wani labari a takaice labaru "Tronka". Its nasara taimaki marubuci ba kawai a sake zama shahara a Tarayyar Soviet, amma kuma lashe Lenin Prize. Abin lura shi ne cewa dukan kuɗin da ke tafiya tare da wannan lambar yabo, Oles aikin bayar ga ci gaban] akunan karatu. A 'yan shekarun baya da labari da aka sanya a cikin wani fim.

Labari Olesya Gonchara "Cathedral" da kuma abin kunya a kusa da shi

Sake i da ɗanɗanar nasara, marubucin yanke shawarar rubuta labari "The Cathedral".

A cikin farkawa daga wani narke, kuma a sake tunani na dabi'u, alurar riga kafi ne tun suna yara, marubucin kokarin rubuta game da na dogon lokaci domin shi ban sha'awa theme - ibada. Duk da nasara aiki, mai ginin tukwane yarda cewa ya kasance wani addini mutum, wanda mai daraja, kuma a girmama Kirista hadisai da kuma imani. Bayan da yaki, a lokacin da marubuci rayu a kusa Dnepropetrovsk, ta tituna suna da Triniti Cathedral, gina a lokacin da Cossacks na tsohon Hanyar, ba tare da yin amfani da kusoshi. Da yake ba kawai a ruhaniya alama, amma kuma wani gine-gine abin tunawa, wannan babban coci yana da matukar muhimmanci ga yan unguwa. Kuma idan, saboda da dabarunsa na} ananan hukumomi, zai rabu da take da tarihi gani da kuma kawo, da mutane sun yi tsayayya. Wannan labarin ya taba marubuci, kuma ya rubuta wannan labari, da aka buga a 1968, a cikin "Fatherland" mujallar. Masu karatu da kuma masu sukar sun gane Ukrainian Soviet marubuta jindadin wannan aiki. Amma wani aminin Brezhnev, da farko sakataren yanki kwamitin Vatchenko, karanta wani labari, zargin cewa babban korau halinsa kofe daga gare shi. Saboda haka ya dauki amfani da sadarwa da kuma samu da ban kara bazawa da labari, da haramcin ta translation cikin Rasha harshen, kazalika da wani ya ambaci shi a cikin latsa. Yana bai taimaka ba cẽto da wallafe-wallafen manyan malaman, kuma buɗaɗɗiyar wasiƙa zuwa da jaridar "Pravda".

Mabiyin ban "Cathedral" labari A halin yanzu ya zama wata irin kara kuzari, haddasa yawa ma'aikata su yi yaƙi da Ukrainian adabi na totalitarianism a cikin wallafe-wallafe. Bugu da kari, da abin kunya a kusa da wannan labari, ya yaba da marubucin ga dukan Tarayyar Soviet. Don kwanan wata, wannan littafi shi ne ya fi shahara aiki na marubuci, ko da yake ba mafi m.

Late ayyukansu

Duk da m kwarewa tare da "Cathedral", Oles Gonchar bai daina kuma ya ci gaba da rubuta. To ya farin ciki, da mummunan hali na hukuma ya shafa kawai ya "yaro", marubucin kansa aka unhurt. Ya daga baya aikin ci gaba da buga a cikin gaba shekaru ashirin da an sa a kan allo uku daga cikin ayyukansa. Bayan da "Cathedral" mai ginin tukwane rubuta hudu litattafan, da dama gajejjeran labaru, ya bayar da wani tarin gajejjeran labaru, "The m gobara" da kuma Littafin waqe-waqe da yaki da shekaru, "Front-line ayoyin". Bugu da kari, a lokacin da wadannan shekaru da marubuci ya zama wani aiki takara a cikin DiSSiDENT motsi a Ukraine da kuma hulda da matsalolin zamantakewa. A shekarar 1987 ya soma halittar marubuci Ukrainian Al'adu Foundation. A shekarar 1990, ya yi murabus daga jam'iyyar kwaminis.

Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet ba da wani matashi marubucin aka tsunduma a cikin harkokin siyasa da zamantakewa, rubutu - da yawa kasa. A lokacin wadannan shekaru, ya wallafa wani littafi na makala, wanda ya bayyana ra'ayi game da nan gaba na mahaifarsa - "Me muke rayuwa. A kan hanyar Ukrainian Tarurrukan ".

A 1995 Olesya Gonchara ya tafi. Shekaru shida daga baya da wani abin tunawa Gonchar da aka bude a Kiev. A shekarar 2005 ya aka posthumously bayar da muƙamin Hero na Ukraine. A girmamawa ga marubuci mai suna tituna a manyan birane shida na Ukraine, daya shakatawa, hudu dakunan karatu, da jami'a da kuma da dama makarantu. Name Olesya Gonchara ne uku da wallafe-wallafen da kyaututtuka, kazalika da hudu a jihar ilimi malanta. Bugu da kari, s. Dry, wanda ya faru farkon yara na marubuci, shi ne gidan kayan gargajiya.

Oles Honchar - marubuci na m iyawa, taimakonsa da Rasha adabi, Ukraine, Belarus da kuma sauran kasashe ne da gaske invaluable. Duk da haka, saboda canje-canje a cikin rayuwar zamantakewa na da yawa daga cikin ayyukansa ne ba kamar yadda ya dace kamar yadda a lokacin da ɗaba'ar. A cikin wani hali, karanta littattafai da wannan marubucin ba ne kawai don matsahi na saba da rayuwa na talakawa mutane a lokacin Great Patriotic War kuma postwar lokaci, amma kuma a kawai a ji dadin yarda da juna, da basira na marubuci.