Oxygen sake zagayowar a cikin yanayi

Hukumance gane a 1774 da Turanci sunadarai Dzhozefom Pristli oxygen (O2) da aka bude. A sakamakon gwaje-gwajen da za'ayi a cikin rufaffiyar jirgin ruwa tare da Mercury oxide, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar hasken rana directed ruwan tabarau ya ta fadada: 2HgO → O2 ↑ + 2Hg. Wannan gaseous abu ne halin da yawa a al'ada yanayi 0.00142897 g / cm³, a matauni girma na 14.0 cm³ / mole, a narkewa batu na debe 218,2 ° C da kuma tafasar zazzabi debe 182,81 ° C. Matauni taro ne daidai 15,9994 g / mol. Babban halayyar oxygen - ne da ikon oxidize daban-daban abubuwa. Kamar yadda wani mai aiki ba-karfe, O2 reacts tare da duk karafa da samuwar asali da kuma amphoteric oxides, kazalika da dukan wadanda ba karafa (wanin halogen) kafin su sami acid ko nesoleobrazuyuschie oxides.

Oxygen kunshe a cikin fiye da dubu abubuwa, kamar yadda shi ne ya fi kowa a duniya sinadari. Shi ne mai memba na daban-daban sinadaran mahadi (akwai fiye da dubu ɗari biyar). The m abun ciki ta duniya ɓawon burodi O2 daidai 47.4%. A marine da kuma sabo ne ruwan da rabo a cikin mamaye jihar asusun for 88,8% by nauyi. A cikin yanayi na oxygen ne a wani free jihar, shi ne daidaita da girma sulusi da murabba'i na game da 21%, da kuma taro - 23,1%. Yana da wani muhimmanci bijiro da batun kafa na Organic abubuwa da suke da ba a kowane mai rai cell. By girma, a cikin abin da ya riqe 25% kuma 65% by nauyi. oxygen sake zagayowar a cikin yanayi saboda da sinadaran aiki.

A sake zagayowar ne jerin canje-canje na abu, a sakamakon wanda ya kõma zuwa ga farawa, da kuma mayar da dukan hanya. Oxygen ne biogeochemical sake zagayowar motsi. Ta hanyar shi ya wuce ta O2 biotic Naira Miliyan Xari da duk kunsa (da Muciya, ko sashi na rayuwa a duniya) da kuma abiotic (lithosphere, yanayi da kuma hydrosphere) yanayi. oxygen sake zagayowar bayyana da motsi a cikin hydrosphere (taro na ruwa dake karkashin kasa da kuma sama da surface), da yanayi (iska) a cikin biosphere (duniya Naira Miliyan Xari da duk kunsa) da kuma lithosphere (ɓawon burodi). Take hakki na wannan sake zagayowar a hydrosphere iya kai wa ga hypoxic (low O2) a cikin yankunan manyan tabkuna da kuma teku. Babban tuki factor ne photosynthesis.

Kare Muhalli tsarin (al'amarin) da yawa biogeochemical hawan keke, aiki a cikin abun da ke ciki. Alal misali, ruwa sake zagayowar, da sake zagayowar na oxygen, wurare dabam dabam na nitrogen, carbon, da dai sauransu All sinadaran abubuwa ne hanya, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na biogeochemical hawan keke. Su ne wani ɓangare daga rayayyun kwayoyin halitta, amma kuma motsawa ta kunsa abiotic yanayi. Wannan shi ne ruwan (hydrosphere), Duniya ta ɓawon burodi (da lithosphere) da kuma iska (yanayi). Rayayyun kwayoyin halitta cika harsashi na Duniya da ake kira biosphere. All gina jiki kamar carbon, nitrogen, da iskan shaqa, phosphorus da sulfur, suna amfani da wani bangare ne na rufaffiyar tsarin, saboda haka suna sake yin fa'ida da kuma ba su rasa da kuma a bayansa da ci gaba, kamar a cikin wani bude tsarin.

The most tafki O2 (99,5%) ne haushi da kuma duniya alkyabbar, a cikinsu, an dauke a cikin silicate da oxide ma'adanai. oxygen ingress sake zagayowar bayar kawai karamin sashi a cikin nau'i na free O2 a biosphere (0.01%) kuma yanayi (0.36%). Babban tushen yanayi O2 ne free photosynthesis. Products daga gare su kwayoyin abubuwa da free oxygen kafa daga carbon dioxide da ruwa: 6CO2 + 6H2O + makamashi → C6H12O6 + 6O2.

Domin da oxygen sake zagayowar a Muciya amsa ƙasar shuke-shuke, phytoplankton da tekuna. Tiny marine cyanobacteria (blue-kore algae) Prochlorococcus, size of 0.6 microns, aka gano a 1986 shekara. Su asusu na fiye da rabin na kayayyakin na photosynthesis a bude teku. An ƙarin tushen samuwa yanayi oxygen ne sabon abu na photolysis (sinadaran dauki sa da mataki na photons). A sakamakon yanayi ruwa da nitrous oxide suna barranta zuwa bijiro da batun kafa kwayoyin halitta, hydrogen (H) da kuma nitrogen (N) sarari ana cire, da kuma O2 a cikin yanayi ne: 2H2O + makamashi → 4H + O2 da 2N2O + makamashi → 4N + O2. Yanayi oxygen aka cinye free rai kwayoyin a numfashi da kuma lalata tafiyar matakai. Lithosphere yana amfani da free O2 a sakamakon sinadaran weathering da surface halayen. Ga misali, an cinye a cikin samuwar na baƙin ƙarfe oxides (tsatsa): 4FeO + O2 → 2Fe2O3 ko wasu oxides da karafa da kuma nonmetals.

oxygen sake zagayowar ma ya hada da madauki tsakanin lithosphere da biosphere. Marine kwayoyin a cikin biosphere bauta kamar yadda kafofin na alli carbonate (CaCO3), wanda shi ne mai arziki a cikin O2. Lokacin da jiki sai ya mutu, ta harsashi da aka ƙaddamar don m teku kasa inda akwai wani dogon lokaci ta samar da farar ƙasa (laka ɓawon burodi). Weathering matakai qaddamar biosphere iya cire free oxygen na lithosphere. Shuke-shuke da dabbobi gano gina jiki daga laka da kuma saki oxygen.