Paranasal sinuses: anatomy, yiwu pathologies da cututtuka

Halin da ake amfani da shi a cikin ɓarna na jikin mutum ne wanda aka sanya a cikin ƙananan ƙananan, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin kullun, wanda aka rufe daga jikin mucous. Suna haɗi tare da bakinsu kuma suyi amfani da moisturize, tsaftacewa da kuma dumi iska. Ayyukan paranasal sin ma sunyi wani ɓangare na kirkirar sauti.

A cikin wannan abu zan so in bayyana yanayin jikin irin waɗannan kayan aiki. Bari mu gano dalilin da yasa sinusan paranasal ke aiki. Ma'anar su, bambance-bambance da bala'i za a tattauna a gaba. Har ila yau, nuna cututtuka da waɗannan nau'o'in sun shafi.

Halin da ake kira paranasal: anatomy

A garesu na wani hanci rami m sinuses wadannan:

• Maxillary;
• Gabas;
• Ƙunƙarin ƙwanƙwasa;
• Labyrinth Latticed.

Bari mu dubi irin yadda ake shirya sinusin paranasal a gaba.

Maxillary sinus

Babban sinus na maxillary yana samuwa a cikin ƙananan kashi na babban yatsan. Wannan shi ne mafi sinus sinadarin paranasal. Y kafa na balagagge adam ta talakawan girma na daga 10 zuwa 12 cm ^3.

Da siffarsa, sinadarin maxillary yayi kama da dala tetrahedral. Kirarsa tana kusa da tsarin zygomatic. A kasa bango siffofin da ake kira alveolar kashi, wanda ya raba da babba muƙamuƙi da na baka rami.

Halin da ke gaban

Bari mu ci gaba da gano yadda aka kafa hanci da sinadarai paranasal. Na gaba, la'akari da jikin mutum na sinus na gaba. Wannan karshen yana tsakiyar iyakokin lamarin da ke gaban yankin. An raba shi zuwa daidai halves ta bangare na musamman.

Girman zunubin da ke gaba gaba daya yana gudana a cikin mutum guda. Its talakawan girma iya zama tsakanin 3 da 5 cm ^3. Gabatarwa da aka gabatar da ɓangaren ƙananan hanyoyi yana farawa tare da farkon shekarun rayuwa kuma ya ƙare a shekara 25.

A sphenoid sinus

Sphenoid sinus, wanda kuma ake kira primary, shi ne a lokacin farin ciki na sphenoid kashi daga cikin manya muƙamuƙi, kamar sama da baka na nasopharynx. An raba shi da kashi bakwai a cikin sassa biyu marasa daidaito, kowannensu yana da ƙuƙwalwa a cikin ƙananan nassi.

Tsarin sphenoid sinus a kan launi na cranial fossa, maganin carotid, jijiyoyi, wanda ke da alhakin ido na ido. Sabili da haka, ci gaba da aiwatar da hanyoyin nazarin halittu a yankin da aka gabatar ya kawo hatsari mai tsanani ba kawai don lafiyar jiki ba, har ma ga rayuwar mutum.

Wannan sinus mai nau'in aljihu yana tasowa bayan haihuwa. Gininta ya ƙare a kimanin shekaru 20.

Lattice labyrinth

Yayinda yake bayyana sinus na paranasal (hotuna da aka gabatar a cikin labarin, a fili ya nuna wurin su), yana da daraja la'akari da yanayin da ake kira trellis labyrinth. Wannan sinus an kafa ta hanyar cibiyar sadarwa na ɗakunan iska na nau'o'i daban-daban. Sun kasance a cikin yankin tsakanin ƙananan hanyoyi da idon ido. A cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren sashin layi na layi na tayi na kan iyakokin daji da fossa na baya.

A cikin jarirai, sinadarin parasitic gabatarwa ya fi aiki. Ƙaddamarwar ƙarshe na cibiyar sadarwa na ƙwayoyin iska yana ƙare shekaru 14-16.

Bugu da ƙari zamu gano abin da cututtuka da cututtuka na sinadarin paranasal sun kasance.

Rhinitis

Mafi ciwon daji wanda ke shafar sinus na paranasal. Kwayar cuta ce ta mummunan yanayi, yana da asali na asali. An bayyana shi da bayyanar yawan ƙwayar mucous daga ɗakin hanci, wahalar numfashi.

A rhinitis, ana amfani da maganin magani. A cikin mafi yawan rikitarwa, wadanda aka yi watsi da su, likitoci sunyi amfani da ƙwayar magani. Bukatar irin wannan magani ya samo a gaban lalacewa na ƙananan nasus, kazalika da pneumatization na tsakiyar da hypertrophy na ƙwararren kasusuwa.

Sinusitis

A karkashin wannan ma'anar, an san ƙin ƙwayar takalma, wanda sinadarin paranasal ya ji rauni. Wanda yake da cutar ta hanyar cuta shine cututtuka da cututtuka. Babban bayyanar cututtuka: ƙara karuwa a yanayin jiki, ƙinƙarar hanci, ciwon kai, asarar ƙanshi, jin motsi a kan inbit. A lokuta mafi tsanani, akwai ciwon hakori mai maɗaukaka, har ma da kumburi fuska.

A lura da sinusitis an nuna alamar amfani da kwayoyi masu guba, dilating tasoshin sauro, maganin maganin rigakafi, magudi na sinus na paranasal. Ba tare da maganin lokaci ba, sinusitis zai iya shiga cikin ƙananan siffofin, wanda aka sani da frontal, maxillary sinusitis, etmoiditis. Wadannan rikice-rikice na haifar da kumburi na ganuwar kasusuwa da ƙwayoyin mucous na fili na numfashi.

Tare da sinusitis mai tsanani, da yawa daga cikin 'yan' yan sanda za su fito daga sinus da aka shafa. Ba tare da magani mai kyau ba, kamuwa da cuta zai iya yada zuwa kyallen takalma kusa da ƙananan nasus, musamman don isa kwakwalwa, wanda ke barazana da sakamakon da ya fi tsanani.

Musamman na sinus na paranasal

Polyps sune neoplasms na kyallen takarda, wanda sannu-sannu yake girma a kan jikin mucous membranes na hanci. Suna tasowa a kan wasu cututtuka daban-daban. Yawanci sau da yawa yakan haifar da samuwa na ciwon kumburi na kyallen takarda.

Daga cikin manyan bayyanar cututtuka na polyposis ya kamata a lura:

• Hanyar samun numfashi na hutawa;
• Halin hare-haren lokaci na ƙuntataccen nassi;
• Kumburi da kyallen takarda;
• Canji sautin murya zuwa karin ƙira;
• Rashin ƙanshi, sa'an nan kuma ji.

A ci gaba da polyps an tsaya ta hanyar m intervention. Idan ana gano ilimin ilimin likita a farkon matakan farawa, za'a iya amfani da hanyoyi masu mahimmanci na farfadowa, musamman magungunan maganin antihistamines da kwayoyi masu kare kumburi, magungunan bitamin.

Lalacewa na ƙananan septum

A tushen tushen ilimin lissafi shine kewayar ƙananan nasus daga tsakiya zuwa duka biyu ko ɗaya. Za a iya samun cutar ko hadewa. Lokacin da hanci septum nakasawa mutum zai iya jin numfashi matsaloli, a kai a kai da wahala daga sinusitis da rhinitis.

Jiyya ne da za'ayi ta hanyar tsoma baki. Don mayar da lafiyar, an yi aiki don gyara nasus na ƙananan - wanda ake kira septoplasty. Babban manufar hanya ita ce ta inganta numfashi na hanci.

A ƙarshe

Kamar yadda za a iya gani, sinadarin paranasal zahiri suna samar da wata cibiyar sadarwa na cavities. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa dukkanin kwayoyin da ke rufe wuraren da aka gabatar sunyi kama da ilimin lissafi. Yana da matukar wuya a yanke shawarar ko wane irin cutar ta shafi sinadarin paranasal. Hanyoyin da ke ba da sakamakon ga wasu pathologies na iya tabbatar da cewa ba cikakku ba ne tare da sauran. A gaban bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon da ke sama, yana da kyau a nemi samo asali daga likitan likita, wanda zai kauce wa rikitarwa.