Peat: rarrabuwa. Mene ne daban-daban daga cikin filayen kwari peat gansakuka?

A yanayi, akwai wani kwaruruka, tsaka da peat gansakuka. Sunan da aka ba su ne ba ta hanyar kwatsam: shi ya dogara da wuri na albarkatun kasa a sauƙi. Nau'i na farko shi ne halayyar filayen kwari (floodplain da kwarin ƙasa), da karshen - for elevations (gangara, watersheds, da dai sauransu ...). A mi} a mulki ya auku a cikin takamaiman embodiment na tsaka-tsaki taimako siffofin, kamar baranda.

rarrabuwa

A tasowa da rarrabuwa na wannan halitta hanya zuwa la'akari da ta asalin daga wani rukuni na shuke-shuke. Kowane irin (kwaruruka, tsaka da peat gansakuka) ne zuwa kashi subtypes: gandun daji, fadama da gandun daji-fadama. A karshen, bi da bi, ya kasu kashi Categories dangane da rinjaye kwayoyin sharan (mossy, grassy da woody).

A sunadaran da samuwar na peat Layer taka muhimmiyar rawa na shuka kungiyoyin cewa samar a lokacin juyin halitta daga wani iri-iri na haduwa, da ake kira phytocenoses. Su samuwar aka rinjayi mutane da yawa dalilai, a Vol. H. Moistening cikin ƙasa, kuma topography. Abin da kuma shi ne daban-daban peat da filayen kwari? A bambanci ne a cikin hanyar ma'adinai abinci mai gina jiki.

kwaruruka peat

A shuka al'ummomi daga irin wannan mafi m ma'adanai ikon, da za'ayi ta hanyar gona, ko koguna. Ruwa yana da wata gishiri taro na fi 0.2 g / l, a wasu lokuta kai 1 g / l. Medium yana da talakawan PH (tsaka tsaki, dan kadan acidic, wani lokacin dan kadan alkaline).

Kwaruruka shuka al'ummomi kunshi gaba ɗaya na Flora, m ga ma'adinai abun da ke ciki na kasar gona. A cikin wadannan yankunan akwai itatuwa (spruce, Birch), shrubs (Willow), ciyawa (sedges, horsetails) da kuma mosses (hypnum), wanda na bukatar babban adadin na gina jiki.

tsaka peat

A yankunan da tsaka fitogruppirovok ruwa balance canje-canje: qara darajar ruwan sama da kuma narke ruwa a kan bango na rage rawar da ruwan karkashin kasa. Tsire-tsire samun kadan yawa na ma'adanai daga qasa. Da taro a kasar gona daga jeri 70 zuwa 180 MG / l. A total ash abun ciki na substrate jeri daga 4 zuwa 5%, da kuma zama dan kadan acidic dauki matsakaici.

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na tsaka-tsakin yanayi ne wakilan da Flora na kwaruruka, da upland iri. A farko mafi ƙasƙanci da bukatun ga adadin ma'adanai a cikin substrate. Pinewoods, Heather, sedge da sphagnum mosses. Na karshen sau da yawa fi son bumps, da kuma sauran - zurfafa tsakanin su.

peat

A Flora da irin wannan suna hada kawai mafi resistant ga matalauta ma'adinai abinci mai gina jiki wakilan da shuka duniya. A ash abun ciki na substrate ne - kasa da 4%. Mineralization ne daga 40 zuwa 70 MG / l. Peat - acid, PH darajar domin shi ne daga 3.5 zuwa 4.5.

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci wakilan da shuka duniya hawa kungiyoyi ne larch, Pine, Heather bushes Scheuchzeria, fadama sedge da kuma wasu sphagnum mosses.

Development of peat adibas

A abun da ke ciki na wani ciyayi daga filayen dabam a lokacin. A tsawon shekaru, da peat gado ne ta ƙara, wanda rinjayar da muhalli da yanayi. A musamman, shi tabarbarewa.Idan ma'adinai abinci mai gina jiki Flora, kazalika da qara darajar ruwan sama da kuma narke ruwa. Ƙarin yadudduka na peat hankali "yanke" daga shuka al'ummomi na ruwan karkashin kasa.

Akwai sauka a hankali mika mulki canzawa kwaruruka kungiyoyin, sa'an nan hawa. Wannan sabon abu ne da ake kira jere. Mene ne bambanci na peat da filayen kwari? Bambanci ne da shekaru. Last - ƙarami.

Ƙarƙashin rinjayar da sauyin yanayi (da rabo daga hazo da kuma hasken rana zafi) for millennia alternated shuka al'umma. A lokacin da bushe lokacin da aka mamaye gandun daji, da kuma a lokacin rigar - fadama. A sakamakon haka ne laminate na peat, kowane Layer - buga gaba canji na yanayin damina.

Peat gansakuka da filayen kwari da daban-daban Tsarin, don haka permeability dabi'u ga iska da kuma ruwa a su sãɓawa jũna. Karshe da aka hada da kananan barbashi cewa yayi kama da mai baki yashi. Watakila cake, marmashe. A da tsarin kananan iska Aljihuna. Sau da yawa cikin taron stagnation na ruwa, wanda kara hadarin Rotting na tushen tsarin. Yana da muhimmanci ga m shuke-shuke, dake a cikin manyan tukwane. A wannan damar wani gona ta kafe unevenly da filayen kwari peat kara hadarin m zafi a cikin ciki. Wannan ya kamata a yi la'akari lokacin yin amfani da wannan substrate.

Peat gansakuka yana da wani sako-sako da tsarin, yayin da rike da kaddarorin shuka zaruruwa. Yana yana da mafi iska, wanda ke da amfani ga masu rinjaye na tukunya shuke-shuke daga yammacin sahara. Wannan ya tuna halitta zuriyar dabbobi substrate.

Domin mafi shuke-shuke, da muka bayar da shawarar saya peat gansakuka a cikin jaka. Ba lallai ba ne su tsarma ya saba ƙasa da kuma gauraye da sauran gyara, tun da shi ya riga yana daidaita abun da ke ciki ta hanyoyi da yawa.