Prague astronomical Clock: tarihi da kuma sculptural ado

Prague astronomical Clock (Orloj) - na da Agogon hasumiya, shigar a Prague a Old Town Square. Suna located a kudancin bangon hasumiyar Tsohon Town Hall. By shekaru wadannan astronomical Agogon daraja na uku a duniya. Af, su ne sosai haihuwa, amma har yanzu inganci.

Oh, yadda mai kyau Prague astronomical Clock! Orloj kunshi uku na asali abubuwa sanya a kan hasumiya tsaye. Its tsakiyar ɓangare na master sanye take astronomical kira na sauri, wanda ya nuna Kaldiyawa, Old Bohemian, zamani (Central Europe) da kuma sidereal lokaci, lokacin faduwar rana da kuma fitowar rana, da watã lokaci, da wuri daga cikin taurarin tsakanin taurari, kunsha a cikin waɗansu masaukai da'irar.

A garesu na astronomical Agogon ne Figures cewa matsawa kowace awa. Daga cikin su fi fice Mutuwar mutum-mutumi, sanya a cikin wani nau'i na mutum kwarangwal. A saman, a dama da hagu na cibiyar dutse sassaka na da wani malã'ika biyu kadan windows sanya shi a cikin abin da kowane awa daya, idan ya ji chiming Agogon, alternately bayyana mutummutumai da manzanni 12. Sama za ka iya ganin dutse mutum-mutumi na wani kerub zinariya zakara wanda kuka a lokacin da Manzanni gama su procession.

A karkashin astronomical kira na sauri aka sanya kalanda, da wanda ba za ka iya sanin ko wata na shekara, karshen mako, ranar mako, kazalika da canzawa Kirista holidays. A dama da hagu na shi ma sculpted mutummutumai sanya.

gata

Prague astronomical Clock housed a cikin hasumiyar Tsohon Town gine-gine. A 1338, yawan mutanen Old Town na sarki John na Luxembourg sanya da dama na da ciwon wani sirri Hall. Bayan haka, ga birane amfani da aka saya da wani zaman gidan da m Volfina na dutse. A farko, ginin da aka gina a cikin daidai da bukatun da City Majalisar, sa'an nan kuma a 1364 an sanye take da wani hasumiya. A da shi sun agogo, wanda aka farko da aka ambata a cikin 1402. Duk da haka, saboda m tabbatarwa da maye gurbin su da ewa ba, don haka cewa an halicci Orloj.

Saboda haka, mu ci gaba da bincika kara da Prague astronomical Clock. Kira na sauri ne astronomical kuma inji Watches ne mafi tsufa sassa na Agogon, sanya a 1410. Wadannan abubuwa halitta a clockmaker Mikulas na Kadan aikin falaki da lissafi John Schindel. A astronomical kiran sauri yana da wani sculptural zane cewa samar da zaman daga cikin shahararrun Czech sculptor kuma m Petra Parlerzha. Orloj farko da aka ambata a cikin wani daftarin aiki kwanan rana 9 ga watan Oktoba, 1410. A shi Mikulas na Kadan ne halin a matsayin mashahuran da kuma gane watchmaker wanda Ya halitta chimes da astrolabe zuwa tsohon wurare na Prague.

Abin sha'awa, a cikin wannan takarda, City Majalisar da kuma magajin garin zargi gwani Albert (tsohon mai kula da) saboda sakaci da baya Agogon kula da Mikolas yabo ga da mafificin aiki. The daftarin aiki kuma bayyana cewa, a kan sakamako ga aikin wani mai sana'a don samun gidan a ƙofar birninsu Gavelskih, 3000 Prague pennies daya-lokaci fee da kuma wani shekara-shekara allowance na 600 pennies.

tarihi kuskure

Wani shirin bayani game da Orloe bayyana a cikin 1490. A sa'an nan a watchmaker Yan Ruzhe Prague, da aka sani da Master Hanus, gyara na'ura, ya ce da farko motsi sassaka na Mutuwa da kuma ƙananan gwada tare da kalandar. Wadannan m kayan haɓɓaka aikinta da kuma shekaru 80 na sakaci na farko halitta na da tasiri na da cewa shi ne master Hanus kara 450 shekara aka dauke mahaliccin kowane lokaci. Historical daidaito da aka ma nuna a cikin labari, bisa ga abin memba na Prague Majalisar umurce su makantar da gwani Hanuš da shi zuwa ga aiki ba za a iya maimaita ko ina kuma. Wannan bayani ne musamman prevalent a tsakanin masana godiya ga marubuci Alois Jirasek, ƙara da shi zuwa ga "haihuwa Czech Tatsũniyõyi" (1894).

A Yana Ruzhe, tabbas Yana da wani ɗa, wanda shekaru da yawa ya taimake shi. Shi ne ya yi kallo da astronomical Agogon zuwa 1530. Wannan ne idan aka kwatanta da watchmaker Jakubom Cech, mahaliccin farko šaukuwa Czech hours. A Yakub wani almajiri, kuma Orla bar ba tare da isasshen kulawa.

A 1552 aka nada su bauta Prague astronomical Clock Yana Taborskogo. Ya gyara da kuma kyautata da samfurin, kazalika da saka tare da m fasaha wa'azi da shi. Shi ne a cikin wannan daftarin aiki a karon farko Yang Tabor kuskure kira mahaliccin Ian chimes Rouge. The kuskure ya faru saboda ba daidai ba fassarar shigarwar daga cikin lokaci. A 1962, shi mike da Czech falaki da tarihi Zdenek Gorski, wanda ke karanta tarihin kimiyya.

Ceton Agogon

A cikin wadannan ƙarni, Prague astronomical Clock tsaya sau da dama saboda rashin sana'a matsaranta da kamar wata sau aka gyara. A 1629 da kuma 1659 sa'o'i bi da bi an hõre gyara, a lokacin da suka batter da inji An matsar saukar daga hasumiya, da kuma adadi Mutuwa bayyana katako, "sahabbai." A wannan m tsarin gyara boye yunkuri na Moon, nuna ta zamani da aka kafa.

Whole shekarun da suka gabata ya tsaya m Prague astronomical Clock. Prague a cikin XVIII karni da aka ba biya da hankali ga su mawuyacin hali. A lokacin da a 1787 da master gina ma'aikatar magajin gari Orloj ko da ya so ya sanya a cikin ya da karfe. Hours cece su daga hallaka ma'aikata na Prague Clementinum: Shugaban Observatory Farfesa Strnad Antonin sanya tallafin da kuma gyara tare da watchmaker Simon Landspergerom zuwa 1791 bit gyara su. A gaskiya ma, ya ya iya kawai gudu Agogon na'urar, da kuma wani astrolabe lalace kuma zauna.

A daidai wannan lokacin, shi da aka kara wa dabba ba a kanta mutummutumai daga Manzanni. Overhaul na Agogon da aka gudanar a cikin shekaru 1865-1866: dukkan sassa na inji aka gyara, ciki har da astrolabe, zakara figurine aka kara. An sani cewa idan an artist Manes Josef ƙawãta ƙananan kalandar drive. Kuma don sarrafa daidaito na bugun jini masana sun kafa chronometer Bozheka Romuald.

lalacewa

A yawa artists halitta Prague astronomical Clock. Jamhuriyar Czech shi ne girman kai na wannan yanki na art. An sani cewa an sa m lalacewar a karshen yakin duniya na biyu da agogo. A Prague, a shekarar 1945, May 5, anti-Nazi barkewar fada. A birnin fada ya ko'ina, sun gina barricades. Musamman m rikicin ya faru a cibiyar, a kusa da ginin da Czech Radio, da kama 'yan tawaye. A 'yan tawayen tare da taimakon wani rediyo sanya a kan hasumiya na Old Town Hall, watsa shirye-shirye da wani roko da Czech mutane.

A Prague, shi ne wani ɓangare na "cibiyar" na Jamus Army Group. Sun yi kokarin sa saukar da fitina da kuma ya katse watsa shirye-shirye. Jamus sojojin harba Tsohon Town Hall ginin flak incendiary projectiles, haifar da May 8, 1945, shi kunna. Sa'an nan da astronomical Agogon aka mugun lalace ta hanyar wuta: astronomical drive fado saukar da kalanda kira na sauri da katako mutummutumai daga Manzanni aka kone su.

dawo da

An sani cewa ta 1 Yuli, 1948 da chimes aka kerata a cika yan'uwa Jindřich da Rudolf Vesetskie gyara karye kuma mai lankwasa sassa na motsi da kuma tashe shi a sake, da kuma wani gwani a sabon itace ya sassaka mutum mutumi daga Manzanni. Last qananan gyare-gyare na Agogon da aka sanya a cikin 2005. Yau, shi ne halittar 3/4 kunshi tsohon sassa.

astronomical kira na sauri

Me ya sa haka mutane da yawa son ganin Prague Agogon? Astronomical ãyõyi wanda aka nuna a kan wannan fitacciyar, burge kowa da kowa. Kira na sauri na kowane lokaci ne da wani astrolabe, sanye take da wani drive daga Agogon tsarin. Orloj taka Ptolomeevskoe geocentric tsarin da duniya: a cibiyar ne Earth a kusa da akwai doguwar watã da rana.

A cewar wani har yanzu bango launi astronomical faifai depicting sama da ƙasa, da wadannan abubuwa matsawa: matsanancin zobe da zodiac, ãyõyi da haruffa da kuma Moon da kuma Sun kewaye iri na agogo biyu da zinariya hannu da kuma wani alama a karshen. Ba kamar talakawa Watches, nan a yayin wani.

kalanda kira na sauri

Mene ne mafi shahara Prague astronomical Clock? Calendar Agogon na Agogon aka farko tsara Yanom Ruzhe (Hanuš master) a 1490. An sani cewa chimes a farko kunshi kawai daga cikin astronomical kira na sauri. A farko kalandar Disc, da rashin alheri, ya ba tsira. Its halin yanzu version aka halitta da archivist K. J. Erben daga Prague a lokacin da maido da 1865-1866 shekaru, bisa tsira kofe a 1659, wanda aka bisa ga tsoho zana rubutu. A cikin shekaru 1865-1866 kalandar faifai fentin fenta Manes Yozef. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa shi ne sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin gwada Manes.

A sculptural ado na karrarawa

Mun riga san yadda za a kira Prague astronomical Clock. Orloj - su biyu suna. Sculptures, Popular shi, aka halitta da dama ƙarni. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa ba su da wani guda m ra'ayin. An yi imani da cewa dutse sassaka Popular astronomical kira na sauri, kuma mai sassaka na wani mala'ika a cikin sama ɓangare na Agogon, kerarre bitar Petra Parlerzha. A sauran wurare bayyana daga baya.

Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci sa'o'i sculptures kerata, wani lokacin da muka sanya sãbuwa cewa sharewa su primary hankali. A sakamakon haka, a yau shi ne mai wuya a bayyana muhimmancin da gine-gine da zane na chimes.

allahntaka iko

Mutane da wani na da tunanin yi imanin cewa, duk wani tsari, zai iya zama detrimental tasiri na sojojin allahntaka. Saboda haka suka yi wa ado da gidansa mãsu tsarẽwa sassa daban-daban. Tun astronomical Agogon located a kan facade na gwamnati gini (da shi ba ta kare Haikali yanki), da bukatar ya karu layu. Saboda haka, na sama na Prague fitacciyar matsara zakara da basilisk malã'ika ne.

A wani gangaren rufin ne yanci halittu - biyu basilisk, wanda suke iya maida guda duba dukan abubuwa masu rai a dutse. Kowace daga cikinsu yana fikafikai biyu, tsuntsu baki, da kuma kibiya-wutsiya Maciji jiki. An sani cewa basilisk sami daraja da godiya ga suna na Sarkin maciji. Gilded Cara - wani tsoho alama ce taka tsantsan da kuma ƙarfin hali, don ya gaishe da rãnã da wani sabon rana aka sanya karkashin rufin chimes. Imani da'awar cewa da farko kira na wannan tsuntsu vuya mugunta iko, mulki da dare.

Jamhuriyar mutum-mutumi na saman hour ne mutum-mutumi na wani mala'ika da fuka-fuki. Manzon Allah rike fluttering kintinkiri da sakon cewa a yau ba shi yiwuwa a karanta. Angel ne mafi mutum-mutumi na wani rarity da wani m jirgin saman soja da duhu sojojin. Yana dogara a kan leji, a karkashin abin da aka sanya gaba daya unidentifiable rock band. Wasu sun ce shi ne wani pastiche macizai, wasu - wani littafi tare da rubutu ba a sani ba. A ko dai gefen adadi na wani mala'ika biyu windows an sanya, wanda ya bayyana a kowace awa mutummutumai da manzanni 12.

Muna fatan kun ji mu labarin a kan Prague astronomical Clock, kuma kana da wani marmarin yin shaida wannan fitacciyar.