Prince Galitskiy Roman Mstislavich: A Biography, ciki da kuma na waje manufofin

Roman Mstislavich - daya daga cikin mafi shahararren shugabannin marigayi zamanin Kievan Rus. Wannan ya gudanar ya halicci tarihi nuna na kafuwar sabuwar irin jiha, na a pre-image na ta siyasa ciki m zuwa Karkasa Estate-wakilin daular mulkinsu. Kiev ga lokaci riga rasa da rawar a matsayin cibiyar na babban da kuma iko a jihar, kananan niƙaƙƙun wanda aka kawai fara nunawa. Amma da farko doka magajinsa, ya tashi daga kango na Kievan Rus, ya Galicia-Volyn sarauta. A Prince Roman Mstislavich ne daidai ta mahalicci, bari a kan wani dogon tafiya wani sabon jirgin statehood.

Ya ya iya ziyarci sarkin Novgorod, tashi ma a matsayin Volyn (ko na Vladimir) Prince, sa'an nan, ya samu, kuma sarauta na Galich, hada su a cikin guda jihar, kuma ko da na wani dan gajeren lokaci ya zama masaraucin na Kiev. Amma mafi rarrabe a mulkinsa ya yi wani yunkurin kafa tarayya tsarin a Rasha, wanda ya dade Tana a Yammacin Turai.

Roman Mstislavich. manhaja vitae

Abin baƙin ciki, a rubuta kafofin (tarihin) kiyaye bayanai ne kawai game da karshe shekaru goma sha biyar daga cikin rai na yarima, da kuma manyan sarari. Game da yara da kuma samartaka, kuma bai sani ba wani abu. Very kadan shaidar yadda Roman Galich aka dauka, kazalika da yaƙin neman zaɓe da Poland, inda yarima kuma ya mutu. Yana da wuya a ce wani abu game da dangantakar Galicia-Volyn sarauta wannan lokaci, tare da Kiev, kazalika da arewacin Rasha Prince Vsevolod Yuryevich. Kuma ko da a cikin samuwa kafofin ji wasu ra'ayinsu hali to Roman, kamar yadda suka rubuta a filin wadanada adawar. Aiki Roman Mstislavich aka alama kawai a takaice ambaci a cikin general mahallin na nasu biography na yarima.

Don wannan yana kara da cewa dukan ba sosai high amfani a cikin wadannan mutane daga cikin ilimi masana tarihi, da scarcity daga cikin kayan da ake sarrafa, da kuma karamin adadin shaida ƙaddamar. Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci historiographical kafofin ne har yanzu da aikin da Rasha tarihi V. N. Tatischeva, domin shi ne farkon irin ayyukan. Biya ƙarin da hankali ga nazarin Ukrainian masana tarihi na wannan lokaci da kuma zuwa ga sosai adadi na yarima. Gwada kamar yadda taƙaice kuma daidai sake ainihin abu samuwa.

Prince ta jinsi da kinship

Roman, da kuma a baftisma - Boris mallakar tsohon hukuncin a Rasha Rurik daular. Mahaifin kakansa ya Vladimir Monomakh, zuriyar Yaroslava Mudrogo da Vladimira Velikogo - Baptist na Rus. Dattijon reshe na Monomakh - daular na Kiev prince Mstislav Vladimirovich - jagorancin kakan kuma uba na Roman - Izyaslavom Mstislavovich da Mstislav. Masu juna biyu layi - Polish Princess Agnes - Prince tushen ne ma quite ban sha'awa. Roman Mstilavich jikan a Polish prince Boleslaw III «Krivorotov", da kuma dan wa na gaba hudu shugabannin Poland.

Haihuwa na Prince Roman

Mstislav, Roman ta mahaifinsa, da 'ya'yansa hudu. Yawan shekaru ne Svyatoslav, Roman, Vsevolod da Vladimir. Amma kuna hukunta da dangi da kuma na yanayi hali ne shaida, Svyatoslav shi ne shege yaro. Saboda yawan shekaru tsakanin Mstislavich ko da yaushe ba da ita ga Roman. Ainihin ranar haihuwar Roman ba gyarawa, amma wannan ya faru a game da 1153. A zabi na sunan kuma kiwata a yawan tambayoyi, tun da ya nufi - Roman, amma ya zo Rasha, mafi m ta hanyar Rum. Ko da yake da sunan labari da aka akai-akai samu a cikin manyan, amma an yi imani da cewa bayan zamanin Roman Mstislavich amfani da sunan na Grand Duke daukan kan wani nisa mafi girma sikelin. Popular mai yawa na masana tarihi har yanzu tambayoyi to wannan mutumin, amma a cimma irin wannan mawuyacin lokaci ba da cikakken dama da za a kira kõwa fãce Prince Roman Mstislavich Veliky. Ga me ya sa ...

Roman yara

Roman Mstislavich aka haife game da lokacin da mutuwa kakansa, mahaifinsa sa Pereyaslavl bar Volyn yankin da kuma neman makoma da kansa da kuma ba tare da goyon baya. A Kiev kursiyin ubansa ya zauna a lokacin da Roman ya kusan goma sha huɗu. Babu shakka, da m yara, nan gaba sarkin bai sani ba. Duk da haka, akwai wani ambaci cewa daga cikin shimfiɗar jariri, Roman an tashe shi a kotu na Yaren mutanen Poland Prince. Saboda haka shi za a iya zaci cewa nan gaba prince aka da ilimi a cikin ruhun da lokaci da kuma Turai. Akwai kuma ambaci cewa mafi yawan matasa Roman Mstislavich Galitsky da aka gudanar a Poland da kuma Jamus, wanda zai shafi siyasa mahanga da kuma ruhaniya al'adu.

Prince of Novgorod

Bisa ga Kiev labarinsa, a 1168 Novgorod gayyace zuwa ga sarauta ɗan fari na sabon Prince of Kiev Mstislav. Ya na farko suna na Roman kuma farkon ta daraja siyasa. Kamar shekaru uku ya yi mulki daga ƙasashe masu nisa a umurnin mahaifinsa. Amma halin da ake ciki an samun mafi muni, a lokacin da Mstislav hasarar Kiev. Kazalika da dukan da wuya da kuma kawance Andrei Yurevich Bogolyubsky. Daga cikin abubuwan, Roman ya yi nufin gida boyars, ya kasance ba da cikakken iko. mahaifin ta goyon baya da aka tafin goyon baya. Saboda haka, bayan mutuwarsa, Roman Mstislavich aka tilasta abdicate da kuma komawa zuwa kakanninmu asashe. Kamar yadda Babbansu daga cikin 'yan'uwana, ya yi na'am da Vladimir a Volyn. Lokatan wahala tilasta ciyar da yawa lokaci a cikin kamfen a cikin tsaro na da makwabta a kan dukkan bangarorin. A farkon sarautar na Roman Mstislavich ya samu daraja a yaki da waje barazana. Ga shi ya Yatvingians - Lithuanian kabilar.

Prince of Volyn

Ikon Volyn ƙasar da aka aza Mstislav, a lokacin da Prince Vladimir da ɗan'uwansa Jaroslaw, sarkin Lutsk, bayan cimma wata yarjejeniya a kan juna goyon baya. Kamar yadda Monomakh, 'yan'uwa mallaki waɗannan ƙasashe yanzu a matsayin wani hereditary fiefdom. Kuma a cikin hali na mutuwa na sauran ya kasance don kula a ko'ina cikin dan'uwa. Irin wannan alliance hana sabani tsakanin sarakuna, ya ba da goyon baya a gwagwarmayar ikon da a da yammaci da kuma kudancin yankin. Saboda haka, musamman da'awar a kan patrimony na Roman babu wani daga cikin dangi bai bayyana. Amma a farkon shekaru na da labari a nan shi ne gaba daya dogara a kan kawunsa - Yaroslava Izyaslavicha. A tsawon lokaci, kamar yadda sosai kunshe a Volyn Prince Roman Mstislavich bai hadu da wani adawa daga nobility ko daga kusa da dangi. Tare da 'yan'uwansa da dan'uwa a matsayin rashin jituwa daga Roman bai bayyana, kamar yadda ba su shiryar da wani aiki kasashen waje da manufofin, da kuma dogara a kan Roman kuma Vladimir sarauta.

Prince Galitsky

A farko yunkurin shiga Volyn Bagalike ƙasashe sun kasance a Roman Mstislavich baya a cikin 80s. Ko sa'an nan kuma karfi adawa da boyars kuma Prince Vladimira Yaroslavicha Galitskogo ƙare a fitar da karshen, da kuma Roman ya iya gudanar da shawarwari tare da boyars kuma zauna a Galicia a 1188. Kuma shi ne na farko da mulki Roman Mstislavich Galitsky. Amma da ƙarfi, kuma damar da matasa sarkin ya ba tukuna wadanda haka a yaki da ugrami Roman Mstislavich bada kai invaders babban birnin kasar na Bagalike asashe.

A karo na biyu, Roman gudanar ya zauna a Galicia a 1199, shi ke lokacin da labarin zai fara Galicia-Volyn sarauta. Yanzu bayan mutuwar Vladimir Yaroslavovych ba tare da barin wani mataimaki, Roman Mstislavovich ya daya daga cikin contenders ga wõfintattu kursiyin. Ƙarfafa da ke makwabtaka da sarauta da ya tsaya da tabbaci a kan ƙafafunsa, Roman gudanar ya saro ko ta crook, kuma ko da soja adawa baya da damunsu na gida Elite. Boyars jayayya iya hana shi, kuma na dogon lokaci bai ba sauran ga yarima. Duk da haka, kungiyar da ya faru, da kuma Roman ya iya karfafa ikon da sarkin. Kuma a kan taswira, wani sabon jihar, wanda a hankali ya girma. Prince Roman Mstislavich ta karfi da hali da kuma haquri mulkin ƙarfafa shi, kuma aza harsashin ginin don wani karfi da manufofin magajinsa.

Prince of Kiev

Yana kawai don haka ya faru da cewa masu nema domin Galich ko da yaushe canjawa wuri ya ganinsu a kan gadon sarautar Kiev. Da yake m soja kamfen, Roman Mstislavich Galitsky Labarai Kiev prince Rurik da Lardi Nikifor ta sayi wata yarjejeniya. A tattaunawar ƙare haka nasarar cewa a 1195 Roman ko samu tarayya a cikin Kiev ƙasar, da kuma birni ne cike da kuma Torchesk (ko Korsun) a garin Kiev asashe. Amma a cikin 1201 Roman Mstislavich kutsa Kiev. Bayan samar da wata babbar Roman jihar shi ya warware m matsaloli ci karo a cikin yankuna daban-daban. Daga cikin sauran sosai da yawa da hankali suka nema Bagalike ƙasa, musamman Kiev. A farko ƙasar a hanya mafi kyau da aka kira su zuwa ga oda ta hanyar bulala mai harsuna da manyan abokan adawar na boyars yanayi. A ƙasashen Kiev kamata aiki da yarjejeniyar dangane gida hadisai. Banda babban birnin kasar da dukan ƙasar labari a Kiev ba su iya tsayawa.

m siyasa

Roman Mstislavich Galitsky kiyaye wani sosai kusa da dangantaka da Kiev prince Rurik Rostislavich. Duk da yake har yanzu a cikin wannan gwajin, Rurik mika Roman birni a kan kogin Ros da kuma bayan. Amma ba a sosai dadi kyauta. Ros Mégevand ƙasashe kama da Polovtsy. Sun sanya m hare-hare da za'ayi a cikin Roman kamfen mafi yawan lokaci. Amma ba kawai na waje makiya girgiza da ikon sarkin. Kievan Rus corroded kananan mulkin gargajiya gwagwarmaya wanda ya kai yammacin asashe. Bugu da kari ga 'yan uwana da kuma mafi m dangi ko da yaushe quncin rai. Kuma a Kiev, ko shi rasa ta rinjaye matsayi, ya kasance a riya morsel ga kowa da kowa, ko da tausayin shugabanni, wanda aka kafa Monomakh dokar kawai ba su da shi da wani 'yancin.

Kasashen waje da manufofin. Poland

Poland ta Roman Mstislavich ya taka muhimmiyar rawa da kuma sada zumunci. Mutual dangantakar aka halin da wajen da sarkin tare da babban layin na Yaren mutanen Poland daular - Krakow Kazimierz adalci da 'ya'yansa maza Lesco da Conrad. Shi ne da godiya ga goyon bayan da Roman da ɗan'uwansa Vsevolod, ya dauki Kazimierz Krakow. Kuma biyar bayan shekaru Roman Mstislavich, ya dauki bangare a cikin yãƙi, kuma da Leszek na Conrad da ya kawu Saft Old. A wannan yakin karkashin Mozgavoy Bagalike prince aka yi masa rauni, amma ba mortally. A mayar da martani ga goyon bayansa ga Roman iya ƙidaya a kan taimako daga Leszek, wanda bayar, bi da bi, dakarun ga cikakken ci na Romanom Galitskih asashe.

A kasashen waje da manufofin na Rum

Har ila yau nasara waje dangantakar da Galicia-Volyn sarauta yana da dangantaka da Rum. Roman Mstislavich, da kuma kasashen waje da manufofin da ya ko da yaushe aka da nufin karfafa da kuma kariya daga sabon jihar, ya nemi sãshensu waliyyai a cikin related Kirista duniya. Dangantaka bisa moriyar tattalin arziki da muradi - cinikayya, kazalika a kan wani adadin na siyasa, quite a fili gabatar a tarihi kafofin. Kuma asirin irin wannan kusa siyasa ya zama wani soja ikon cewa Roman Mstislavich Galitsky bayar a cikin gwagwarmaya da Polovtsy. Bayan Kiev Rasha ya ko da yaushe aka dauke ta Rum wa kansa a matsayin tsaron gida kasa na duk Asian al'umma. Amma yanzu, musamman tun lokacin da makiyaya sun mayar da su cikin Danube, kuma ya kasance a tsaye barazana ga Konstantinoful. Rum ko da yarjejeniya da alaqa da Roman.

Kasashen waje da manufofin: na makiyaya

Features dangantakar ta Kudu-West na Rasha da makiyaya, kamar yadda aka fiye ĩmãni, ya ta da hadisai da ƙarni. Slavic manoman karfi da bãyukansu ga itace tsiri, yayin da Turkic makiyaya sarrafawa matakan. The fadada daga wadannan yankuna da aka ba amfani da wani daya kuma bã da sauran. Amma canji zo Pechenegs Polovtsy, da tsari da kuma tare da wani marmarin sarrafa duka gandun daji-steppe sashi daga cikin Dnieper yankin. A barazana rataye a kan ba kawai Kiev da Byzantine asashe. Polovtsian hikes fara isa Poland da Hungary. Kawai nasara kamfen na Rasha a farkon na XII karni, sanya shi yiwuwa a karfafa yammacin sarakuna, da rage tasirin da Polovtsian Khan a kan hagu banki na Dnieper. Suzdal tarihin ambaci nasarar Prince Roman yaƙi da Polovtsy, kuma ko da a kan samu daga zaman talala, da yawa "Kirista rayuka."

Mutuwa Roman Mstislavich

Kuma tarihi ba zai iya gano dalilin, amma a farkon sabon karni, dangantakar da Poland sun deteriorated sharply. Akwai nan ba tare da da dabarunsa na boyars. Galicia-Volyn labarinsa ya nuna cewa tsakanin Roman kuma Leszek jayayya shuka Bagalike boyar Vladislav Kormilchich. Amma yadda ya gudanar da shi, ya cranked fitar da wasu rikici zuwa karshen ba a sani. Kuma duk wannan ya kai ga cewa, bisa ga tarihin Suzdal, a 1205, Roman tafi Msitslavich yaƙi da Poland, da kuma dauki biyu Yaren mutanen Poland birane. Duk da haka, a kusa da garin Zawichost Yuni 19, 1205 Dogayen sanda ba zato ba tsammani kewaye da kashe sarkin. Vladimir, mahaifinsa birni, aka binne shi Roman Mstislavich. Hotuna Church, inda zuwa wannan rana da tokar da Yariman da ɗansa, gabatar a kasa, duk da haka, tuni a wani zamani gine-gine da zane.

Kuma a karshe ...

Kievan Rus shi da wani hadari ga sa a kan wani par tare da sauran kasashen Turai da tsakiyar zamanai. Galicia-Volyn sarauta zama magaji, kazalika da karshe mataki na tarihi na zamani. Mafi shahararren sunayen da sarauta sun: Roman Mstislavich, Yaroslav Osmomysl, Daniil Galitsky. A rayuwa na kowane daga cikinsu da aka cika fal da aka sadaukar domin karfafa statehood, 'yan adawa m biyu ciki da waje makiya, kazalika da gina sabon garuruwa da kufaifan. Da dama daga cikinsu sun tsira zuwa yau, da nuna baƙi da kuma yawon bude ido da cewa monumental ayyukan Gabashin Turai bai yarda kiyaye gidãje a kasashen yamma.