Prince of Kiev da Smolensk Rostislav Mstislavich

Wannan tsantseni da nisa-gani yarima na mulki daular na Rurik bar wani babban alama a cikin tarihi na Rasha. Da ya gudanar ya juya talakawa musamman sarauta a cikin wani habaka da ci gaba na yankin, wanda ya fara ji dadin m m hakkin. Har ila yau, ya nuna hikima a harkokin jama'a bayan ya samu kursiyin a Kiev. Amma ta babban abin yabo masana tarihi yi imani da cewa Prince Rostislav Mstislavich hana mulkin gargajiya fragmentation, kokarin bi da manufofin da bunqasar da kuma bunqasar da Rasha asashe. To, ta yaya shi ya hanyarsa ta rayuwa, da kuma abin da takamaiman nasarorin da ya samu, kasancewa mai mulkin Rasha? Ka yi la'akari da wannan tambaya a cikin mafi daki-daki.

pedigree line

Rostislav Mstislavich takaicce game da wanda zai zama bai dace ba to bãyar da lãbãri, na uku, mai mulkin Novgorod zuriya Mstislav Vladimirovich. Sources ne saba a kan wannan tambaya idan aka haife shi. A da yawa daga cikin wadannan Figures a 1100. Rostislav wa (Izyaslav) da aka haife 'yan shekaru a baya (a 1097 ko 1098 years). Uwar nan gaba Gwamnan Smolensk yankin - 'yar Swedish sarki Inge.

Bisa ga tarihi, Prince Rostislav Mstislavich samu a cikin Smolensk iko sa'ad da yake kawai shekara goma sha biyar da haihuwa. Ya aka yi masa baftisma a cikin girmamawa Arhangela Mihaila, don haka a cikin Orthodox Church da aka sani da Prince Mikhail Fedorovich.

Shi ne a cikin 1127 da aka farko da aka ambata a cikin kafofin. Wannan lokaci na tarihi da aka tuna da farko ya nuna gaskiyar cewa soja alliance Monomakhich encroached a kan iyakoki na sarauta na Polotsk da Rostislav Mstislavich kansa tafi a kan birnin Drutsk.

Lokacin da na sami gādo?

Masana tarihi jayayya, da kuma lokacin da dan Mstislav Vladimirovich fara "sarrafa" da harkokin Smolensk sarauta. Wasu sun ce shi ya faru a 1125, wasu - a 1127. An sani cewa Rostislav Mstislavich zuwa 1132 a cikin Smolensk Purposer amsa kamar yadda nasa mahaifin. Ta haka ne ya kasance da yawa daga cikin "iko" da Kiev sarauta. A 1132 Mstislav mutu, kuma da m na Rasha zama da ɗan'uwansa Jaropolk. New Prince of Kiev bada matsayi na wani talakansa sarauta na Smolensk. Jaropolk tare da sarauta a shirye yake ya taimaka a musayar wani haraji.

Hanyar sarauta inganci

A lokacin daga 30 zuwa shekaru 50 na XII karni Rostislav Mstislavich yin kowane kokarin tabbatar da cewa gado wakkala a gare shi ya juya a cikin wani karfi, m kuma na tattalin arziki m. Kuma ya bai sarrafa gane su mafarkai.

A farko dan Mstislava Velikogo canza kama da ƙasa wakkala a gare shi a cikin sarauta da kuma zama da aka sani da Smolensk sarakuna. Bugu da ƙari, cikin ƙasar da ya yawanci hada da sassa na Mogilev, Pskov, Tver, Vitebsk, Kaluga da kuma Moscow larduna. A cikin tsakiyar 30-ies na XII karni tashi Rostislav ƙasa gudanar tare da kogin Protva, wato Ikklesiya Puttino, Dobryatino, Bobrovnitsy, Dobrochkov, Bennitsa. Saboda haka, Smolensk sarauta located a tsakiyar Rus mulkoki, don haka na waje barazanar kusan bai hana kome ba zuwa gare shi. Kamar wancan Rostislav Mstislavich, wanda biography Ana nazarin da masana tarihi ba to karshen, kokarin sa 'ya'yan sarakuna ba retinue karfafa tare da zemshchina, wanda ya taka leda a gagarumar rawar a magance zamantakewa da siyasa al'amurran da suka shafi.

A ci gaba da birane shiryawa

Har 1125 gādon dansa Mstislava Velikogo akwai kawai birane uku: Kasplya, Verzhavsk, Toropets. Rostislav Mstislavich (sarkin Smolensk) umurni da sa birnin Rostislavl, Mstislavl, Izjaslavl, Yelnya, Dorogobuzh, da kuma canza a kan lokaci a cikin birni, irin ƙauyuka kamar yadda Vasilyev, Luchin, Propoisk, Krichev.

Addini hira shirin

Bugu da kari zuwa birane siyasa, yarima ke tsunduma a sake fasalin na addini muhimmanci. Ya deduces daga Smolensk sarauta Pereyaslavlskoy bishops da kuma Halicci kai dauke "m" gundumar.

Don shiryar da su zuwa amince da Prince Bishop Manuel, kuma bayan wani lokaci ya ba shi wani daftarin aiki da samar da babban gata na coci. Diploma Rostislav Mstislavovitch yarda Smolensk bishops samu zakar dukan sarauta samun kudin shiga. Bayan Manuel zama shugaban diocese, ya aka zarar tsarkake ɗauka cewa Cathedral a Smolensk, wanda dan Mstislava Velikogo gina a 1101.

Prince kuma tãyar da mai yawan dutse gine-gine na addini muhimmanci da cewa wani real sabon abu ga Smolensk.

tarihin

Fara Smolensk Tarihi ma ba Rostislav Mstislavich. A asalin siffan labarinsa, da rashin alheri, har zuwa yanzu ba a kiyaye su, amma kafofin daga baya lokaci har yanzu zama mallakar zamani masana tarihi.

"Smolensk News" ta kwatanta rayuwa a cikin sarauta 30 - 60 shekaru na XII karni, da aka dauka a matsayin tushen ga halittar "The tarihin Rostislavovich" (80 shekaru na XII karni) da kuma wani sa na Kiev (1200). A "The News", musamman, da aka ambata a kafa a 1136 na Smolensk diocese da farkon na dutse yi. Wannan 1136 da aka dauke su a farkon tarihin a cikin Smolensk yankin.

samar da al'umma

Lokacin da Rostislav Mstislavich kunna matsayin aiwatar da kafa al'umma. Urban Elite Smolensk farawa tilasta more kuma mafi for nasu na siyasa da kuma kafa nufin m yarima. A irin wannan yanayi, ya kawai ya zama wani Kakaki, na siyasa shakka daga cikin gida ikon Elite.

A zamanin jayayya

Rostislav Mstislavich (Smolensk) ya rayu a lokacin da Rasha sun kaddamar da yakin basasa.

Da zaran mutuwar mahaifinsa, Prince shiga ta Siblings (Izyaslav da Vsevolod), don lashe 'yan adawa da kawunsa Yuriya Dolgorukogo da gwamnan Volyn ƙasar Andrei Vladimirovich. A kan gungumen azaba ne Pereyaslyavlskaya ƙasar. Kuma a cikin 1141 Mstislavich rikici da Chernigov Olegovichy cewa suna da wani babban damar zauna a Novgorod da Kiev kursiyin. Olegovichy sauri aika zuwa nasara da Smolensk. Bayan 'yan watanni da ɗan'uwansa Rostislav Izyaslav dasa sarauta a Novgorod ɗan'uwansa, sa'an nan ya koma Chernigov. Amma babban manufar Mstislavich - shi ne Kyiv, a lokacin da wani m yaki Yuri Dolgoruky. Ten shekaru dade da wannan adawa. Rostislav Izyaslav da kuma gudanar da su yi iko da duniya daga Yaroslavl da Suzdal. A dukan wuraren da suka zarga da tambayar da inganci na siyasa Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Amma cewa a 1155 kulawa kama da kursiyin a Kiev.

Duk da haka, dangantakar dake tsakanin yaro Mstislava Velikogo da Yuriem Dolgorukim dada tabarbare yi iyaka. Kiev prince jan Polovtsian sarakuna, da ya tambaye su don tsara wani Maris a kan Smolensk sarauta. A sakamakon haka, ya ya iya aiwatar da shirin.

Amma Rostislav unshakable dalĩli a kudancin asashe, da kuma shi ya sani Yuri Dolgoruky, don haka da dan da kawun yanke shawarar yin sulhu akai.

Al'arshi a Kiev

Wani lokaci daga baya, Rostislav Mstislavich kan daidai gabãtarwar da ɗan'uwansa, kuma kawun zahiri zama mai mulkin Kiev. Prince Smolensky sa ya vassalage Ryazan ƙasar. Amma sai wa Izyaslav mutu. Kuma a 1157 sai ya fara aiki da babban sarauta Izyaslav Davidovich Chernigov. Bayan shekaru biyu, da mutane na Kiev hukumance bayar Rostislav sarrafa su sarauta a kan tafin kafa akai. Ya yarda.

Don bi da kwastan, yarima aika a Kiev biyu jakadun Smolensk da Novgorod Ivan Ruchechnika Yakuna. Su na da gano a kan abin da sharuddan don baiwa da hakkin ya Rostislav babban sarauta.

A zamanin mulkin a Kiev

Bayan shan kursiyin, Rostislav Mstislavich ya dauka kowane kokarin tabbatar da cewa Rasha ya zama wani ci gaba da kuma m jihar. Ya yi kokarin dakatar da internecine yaƙe-yaƙe, manne Rasha ƙasar Abubakar siyasa. Da yake a kwalkwali na gwamnati a Kiev, ɗan Mstislava Velikogo yawa lokaci zuwa ruhaniya ci gaba. Shi ne a lamba tare da bishops, a kai a kai kira zuwa ga cin abinci da mazaunin Kiev-Pechersk Lavra Polycarp kuma ko da shirya nasu umarni ware cell a wani sufi, inda ya iya zama shi kadai. Shi ya sa Prince Rostislav Mstislavovitch kira taƙawa. Manne ga manufofin da zaman lafiya da tabbatar, mai mulkin Rasha ya lashe dõgara, kuma yiwuwa na yawan adadin shugabanni na kambi asashe. Lalle ne, da yawa iya koya daga dansa Mstislava Velikogo yadda za a yi ka yankin m. Kowa ya sani cewa ya zaune a kan kursiyin na Kiev, wanda ya kasance ma'abutanta. Rikice-rikice da kuma yaqe-kokari a kowace hanya don kauce wa Rostislav Mstislavich. A kasashen waje da manufofin na Rasha m ya kuma salama. Ko da tare da har abada abokan Polovtsy ya yi kokarin ba su tsananta a tsakaninsu. Amma tare da wasu appanage sarakuna Polovtsian ya wani lokacin arangama. Prince kuma shirya soja kamfen da Lithuania, da kuma sosai samu nasarar.

Novgorod

A karshe mataki na Board Rostislav Mstislavovitch dansa fara kau da tip Novgorod gida gwamnati. Akwai zo a lokacin da Svyatoslav (dan Rostislav Mstislavovitch) zai iya ba sarauta a wani zaman kanta sarauta. Sai Prince of Kiev, da kaina aika zuwa Novgorod, sulhunta 'yan ƙasa da ɗansa. Tuki ta hanyar Smolensk, sai ya ga yadda m sarkinsu da mutãnensa maraba da su.

Amma samun da Toropets, Rostislav Mstislavich (Prince of Kiev) zaneduzhil kuma umarci wani Manzo aika zuwa Novgorod ga dansa, don haka abin da ya kasance wani wakilin Novgorod manya don ya tarye shi a cikin Great Luka. A ƙarshe ya ya iya sulhunta Svyatoslav tare da 'yan kasa, bayan da ya tafi zuwa ga' yan qasar Smolensk, zauna kadan da 'yar'uwarsa Rogneda. Duk da yake rashin lafiya, Prince zarar ya gaggauta zuwa Kiev, Magana game da harkokin shugabanci. Amma don isa gare shi, kuma kasa "uwar Rasha birane." Rostislav Mstislavovich kiwon lafiya tsanani rincabewa, kuma a cikin bazara na 1167 a kan ƙasa na kauye Zaruba (Smolensk) ya hour. Ya yi furta kafin mutuwarsa kuma ya yi wannan makoki, firist, da Saminu da cewa a baya ya ba da izinin aiwatar da bikin na tonsure. Prince ta jiki da aka tsĩrar da Kiev da aka binne shi a cikin gidan ibada na Theodore, kamar yadda ya hori. Ikon da babban sarauta ya je wa ɗansa, Roman, da suka yi sarauta a Belgorod. Amma bayan da ya mutu Rostislav Mstislavich (Smolensk), tsakanin dansa da kuma Suzdal shugabanninmu, wanda aka karkashin jagorancin Andrew Bogolyubskii, zai bayyana m gwagwarmayar kursiyin.

iyali

Details na rayuwar iyali na Kiev da Smolensk gwamnan kusan ba a sani ba. Shi ne har yanzu asiri tambaya wanda aka auri Rostislav Mstislavich (Smolensk sarakuna), da kuma ko ya sauran aure. Ambaton 'ya'yansa maza bayyana a karon farko a cikin kafofin 40-50 shekaru na XII karni. An sani cewa a 1149, Rostislav Mstislavich albarka da aure da yaro Roman, wanda auri 'yar Svyatoslava Olgovicha, wanda ya yi mulki ƙasashen Seversk. A 1154 Prince of Kiev da Smolensk ba 'ya'yansa maza David kuma Roman gado Novgorod. Wane ne mazan da kuma wanda yake ƙaramin - wani bude tambaya. Bisa ga tarihi, David da aka haife shi a 1140.

Daya ɗana ya mutu a 1170, amma ba su sani ba wanda shi ne. Rostislav Mstislavovitch autansa, Mstislav Hrabry, an haife shi a tsakiyar 40s da kuma tsakiyar 60s, ya auri 'yar Gleb Rostislavich, suka yi sarauta a ƙasar Ryazan. Mstislav Hrabry gaji mafi kyau hali ne na kakansa. Baftisma ƙaramin ɗan Rostislav Mstislavovitch mai suna Fedor.

An sani cewa Kiev da Smolensk yarima da 'ya'ya maza biyar da mata biyu. Kafofin ce kawai game da daya yar, Elena. A 1163 ta zama matar Prince of Krakow Leszek White, da kuma bayan da ya rasu a 1194, Helen zama cikakken fledged m a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland birni. Rostislav Mstislavovitch ya mutu a 1198.

ƙarshe

A zamanin da Prince of Kiev da Smolensk zama wurin hutawa a cikin tarihi na zamanin d Rasha. Abin da ya yi haka da cewa mahukuntan mulkoki daina jãyayya a tsakãninsu. Rostislav Mstislavich - wani wakilin na mulki daular, wanda a farko ba sa zaman kansu da kuma jama'a bukatun, da bambanci ga mutane da yawa daga cikin dangi. Ya ya iya tada har ma mafi girma ikon dalĩli a idanun talakawa mutane.