Project 1174 "karkanda da ake dasu". Manyan saukowa jirgin

A gwagwarmayar keda daukaka a cikin Maritime zones yana da guda ma'anar kamar iska magabaci.

Troopers daga teku

Control yankin ba iyakance zuwa free rawar daji warships kuma mai lafiya motsi na kai tasoshin. Akwai wani damar ka goyi bayan nasu ƙasa sojojin saukowa daga teku. Wani lokaci amphibious hari babu wani madadin. Known ayyukan a Sicily da Normandy, a cikin abin da kawayenta da za'ayi kãmun bridgeheads sojojin amphibious hari a kan Jamus-shagaltar da ƙasa, fili nuna dabarun muhimmancin irin wadannan ayyuka. Misalan amfani amphibious hari isa a Rasha soja tarihi. Ko da yake Rasha ya ba ta gudanar da dabarun amphibious aiki, amma a shirye yake ya sauka expeditionary karfi a yankin na Istanbul a 1917.

Soviet amphibious jiragen ruwa

A farko musamman amphibious jiragen ruwa kasance wani ɓangare na Soviet Navy bayan yakin duniya na II. The canji na jihar bakin teku jiragen ruwa a cikin teku da ake bukata da bita ta saye da ra'ayi. Soviet shipbuilders ba su da isasshen kwarewa a gina jiragen ruwa na wannan manufa. Saboda haka, na farko amphibious jiragen sun dage farawa a Poland, a Gdansk masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa. Shipbuilding damar tsohon Jamus shipyards Sheehan Danzig ba ka damar da sauri fara samar da wani sabon nau'in jirgin ruwa. Na farko kuma mafi m jerin karfe tank saukowa jiragen ruwa Project 701. Kuma sunã bautã wa, a} asashe da dama na tarayyar Soviet, tabbatar da kanta tare da mafi kyau hannu.

Matsaloli da kuma mafita

Average saukowa jiragen ruwa ne da ya yi daidai da ayyuka na jihar bakin teku sashi. Amma Soviet Navy ƙara sami teku bayyanar. Akwai wani gaggawa bukatar for saukowa craft, iya aiki a cikin rundujar soja masu dawaki suka yãgi teku da hare-hare, kyale canja wuri na goyon bayan sojojin a tsawon nisa. Wannan aiki da ake buƙata jirãge fi girma hijirar da gagarumin m kewayawa. A shekarar 1964, cikin Design ofishin Nevsky masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa farkon 1174 da aikin "karkanda da ake dasu". Wannan cipher sami wani sabon jerin manyan saukowa jiragen ruwa (BDK). Names warships al'ada corresponded zuwa wasu topic. A jerin BBC "karkanda" ne mai suna a cikin girmamawa ga heroes of Great Patriotic War.

A jerin "karkanda"

Kisa na aikin da ake bukata wani gagarumin adadin fasaha mafita da kuma na ra'ayi al'amurran da suka shafi. Da ake bukata domin tabbatar da saukowa daga wani gagarumin adadin kayan aiki da kuma ma'aikata a cikin wani yanayi da cewa ba za a iya foreseen a gaba. Jirgin ikon, wanda aka ba wani sabon BBC iya bambanta muhimmanci. Yana alama da bukatar ba kawai high aiki da kwanciyar hankali na saukowa dandali, amma kuma da ikon samar da goyon baya da kuma rufe ga sojoji zuwa sauka. Domin wadannan da kuma sauran dalilai, aikin 1174 "karkanda" karfi jinkiri. Duk da haka, duka ya faru shekaru 14 bayan da farkon na ci gaba. A farko babban saukowa jirgin shiga sabis a 1978. Total gudanar ya gina uku raka'a na aikin. A halin yanzu, da Rasha, Navy yana da kawai BDK "Mitrofan Moskalenko."

Design fasali

Hijira daga cikin sabon jirgin ya game 12 000 ton. Project 1174 "karkanda" damar zuwa safarar da kasa a bataliya na dakaru da kuma game da hamsin guda da nauyi kayan aiki. A wani cruising kewayon har zuwa 4,000 mil a kan shi domin a watan iya da kansa zama ƙungiya da kuma saukowa sojojin. Uku jiragen ruwa da kuma babban bene a kan aft superstructure girma haifar da dadi yanayi na masauki mayakan da ajiya da fasaha. Cikas suna sanye take da na'urorin ga motsi da transportable kayan aiki.

kayan aiki

Saukowa damar ba da damar don samar da saukowa a kan unequipped da unequipped Coast. Project 1174 "karkanda" na samar da dama zaɓuɓɓuka saboda da aikin. Domin saukowa a kan wani bakin teku, ko m ruwa a iya amfani hanci zamiya kofa da retractable gangara. Ta hanyar su, yana yiwuwa ya taso da iyo soja kayan aiki ba tare da gabatowa da foreshore. A jirgin ruwa yana da wani Dock kamara feed. An tsara don ba-iyo loading kayan aiki a kan saukowa craft da kuma kai-propelled dandamali. Saboda haka, ceto na sojojinta daga jirgin zuwa gaci ba ya dogara ne a kan zurfin da kai hari da kuma kasancewa daga cikin tekun. Lokaci guda tare da surface nufin canja wurin sojojin da BDK "Ivan Rogov" fari jerin, bayar ga yiwuwar yin amfani da jirage masu saukar ungulu amphibious domin saurin drop-kashe na haske hari teams da kuma goyon bayan sojojin. Helikofta Group ne iya cetonku a kan bridgehead zuwa 64 dauke da makamai commandos daya jirgin, don samar musu da wuta da goyan baya ko fitarwa.

makamai

Yana da aka zaci cewa BBC aiki a cikin rundujar soja masu dawaki, tabbatar da aikace-aikace. Duk da haka, aikin 1174 "karkanda" bayar quite tsanani makamai. The jirgin iya tallafawa saukowa daga manyan bindigogi da kuma roka wuta. A saboda wannan dalili shi sanye take m-76-millimeter igwa saka a cikin wani turret a kan wani tanki. Bugu da kari ga bindigogi na matsakaici zamo wuta ikon bayar da hudu shida-barreled manyan bindigogi naúrar.

Tsarin da juyawa naúrar kututturan zamo 30 mm halitta mai girma yawa daga wuta. Ta aiki ne don kare ruwan tabarau daga iska da kuma teku harin. Iska tsaro BDK sanya gajeren zangon-iska tsaro tsarin mataki da kuma šaukuwa anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami tsarin, ga wanda farkon-up na musamman turrets aka bayar. Wuta goyon bayan dasa raka'a kuma za a iya samar da makami mai linzami tsarin "Grad" marine aikace-aikace. By tara makamai jiragen ruwa kamar "Ivan Rogov" Ya kamata kuma sun hada da hudu Ka-29 teku-tushen, sanya a kan babba bene. Bugu da kari ga tsaron ayyuka, da kuma goyi bayan saukowa daga wadannan jirage masu saukar ungulu suke iya gudanar da zanga-submarine yaki da bincike.

Alternative "Mistral"

Domin a Faransa hudu amphibious hari jirgin aji "Mistral" aka tare da wani aiki tattaunawa a cikin da'ira na masana da kuma jama'a. M tattaunawa kira na saya a kasashen waje na babban birnin kasar jiragen ruwa, wanda ya sa rikice. Tarayyar Soviet gina wani fiye da hadaddun fasaha da kuma tsarin makamai. Garesu na muhawara da dalilai domin ra'ayin matsalar. Lalle ne, Rasha yana da m don gina wani jirgin kowane aji.

Amma da tarihi na aikin 1174, wanda ya dauki tsawon shekaru goma sha biyar, ya nuna mawuyaci da shubuha da tambaya. Rasha jirãge ake dawo da baya ga ruwan teku, da kuma sake tambaya taso bayyanar amphibious rundujar soja masu dawaki bangaren, kayan aiki da tsinkaya daga teku ĩko a cikin ƙasa. A hedkwatar Navy, rinjaye sha'awar samu ba kawai a saukowa craft, amma kuma da na sarrafawa cibiyar da dukan rundunar motoci, tare da abin da za ka iya sarrafa kungiyar ayyuka.

Saukowa jirgin yana ga wannan fili amfani a kan al'ada fama jirgin. A abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin "Mistral" ya kamata hada da cikakken iko da kuma sadarwa a tsarin. Bugu da kari ga saukowa a m kaya, shi zai iya kawo 16 Multi-rawa jirage masu saukar ungulu, wanda muhimmanci ƙara da yiwuwar yajin karfi na sojin rundunar jiragen ruwa. Names warships aji "Mistral" gani sunayen da Rasha gwarzo birane. Abokan adawar sa a gaba a m ƙin yarda da saye da makamai na kasar wanda shi ne memba na adawa da soja da rijiyoyin, Bears unpredictable kasada. Kuma haka ya faru.

Tarurrukan aikin

The bacewar na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma tarzomar Matsalolin tattalin arzikin ƙuƙuntacce zuwa ga rundunar sansanonin. Yana da aka soke zama da BDK "Alexander Nikolaev". Da shi shi ne na biyu jirgin na cikin jerin. daya kawai manyan saukowa jirgin zauna a cikin sabis.

Development of amphibious jirãge ci gaba da bin gazawar. Gubar jirgin na cikin jerin "Ivan Gren" aka kuma makale a kan hannun jari saboda da m canje-canje a cikin aikin. Faransa ta ƙi samar da hudu UDC "Mistral" kusan bai bar zabi na Navy umurninSa. Rasha jiragen ruwa da ke aiki a cikin Oceanic zone, suna bukatar saukowa bangaren. A bakin ciki kwarewa na sayen key makamai tsarin daga waje yayi kashedin da ta komawa. Development of wani sabon shiri za a iya jinkirta illa ma sha Allahu. Saboda haka, da'awar a yau cewa maimakon na "Mistral" za a sake kaddamar "karkanda" samarwa BDK cipher. Hakika, shi ne ba daidai da burinsu na sojan ruwa Staff, wanda yake so ya yi wani karin ci gaba da kuma duniya saukowa dandali, amma dai babu wani bayani.