Remarque ambato. Erich Mariya ra'ayi: ambato, Jagora kuma faxin

Erich Mariya ra'ayi ... Yana da gaske mai girma ya bil'adama - wani classic, wanda aka qaddara domin ya rubuta da azaba rai mai tsanani zamanin duniya wars ...

A farko, sunansa da aka furta a matsayin Erich Paul nuna ra'ayi. A sha tara shekara a lokacin yakin duniya na, ya yi kusa su zama gurgu domin biyar radadin yakin raunuka. Doctors annabta ya short da joyless zama kashe, amma ya ƙarfin ruhu ya fi karfi. Duk da haka, mafi m duka ga Eric ya rasuwar na canjawa wuri zullumi da baƙin ciki daga cikin mahaifiyarsa - a shekara daga baya, bayan da aka raunata. Daga baya Remarque ambato amfani Malaman tarihi, ta kwatanta canjawa wuri su shafi tunanin mutum da baƙin ciki: "Uwar - wannan shi ne mafi m dukan abin da yake a cikin ƙasa. Uwar - wannan na nufin: a gafarta da ya yi hadaya da kanmu. "

Musamman gwaninta marubuci

Kamar yadda ya gaya a memoirs, don saya musaman mascot bereavement, da zarar yana da bayani: maye gurbin a cikin cikakken ambatar "Bulus" a cikin uwa tasa ta sunan - Maria. Erich tunanin cewa zai ci gaba da kula da ransa, an makaranta dropout, babbake ta yaki.

Asali da kuma m tunani ya organically muhimmi ga wannan talented mutum. Zai yiwu, saboda haka, ya riwaito daga littattafai Remarque game da soyayya da kuma yaki, na mutum da ji shãfe ran masu karatu.

Wani lokaci marubucin tunani ana haka honed, gajere, dunkule ne, asali, suka nan da nan ya tuna da karatu, zama Jagora.

Remarque fara wallafe-wallafen aiki

Ba hothouse makaranta na rayuwa, yana cikin matasa, shekaru. Strong jiki har yanzu warke. Bayan da aka raunata, yana kokarin sanya a matsayin makadi, tseren mota direba, sa'an nan - kamar yadda wani dan jarida. A wannan lokaci ya rubuta na farko ayyuka a style reminiscent na tabloid latsa. Duk da haka, bayan shekaru biyar da za a iya gano ta bayyane sana'a girma: ya aka wakkala a babbar aiki a Turai - ya zama wani wakilin Hanover littafin "Echo na Continental." Shi ne mai kyau makaranta. Back a Jamus, ya zama editan na mako-mako "Bild Shport su."

Halittar marubucin da labari game da yakin duniya na mafi kyau a duniya

Shekaru hudu daga baya, Remarque daukan up labari rubuce-rubuce, wanda ya kawo shi daraja, da wadata, - "All shuru a kan Western Front." Idon basira labarin na wani fitaccen malamin litattafan game da mutane, waɗanda suka warware daga m rayuwa, tura a searing Crucible na yaki, tilasta mutu da dubban. Daga bisani, da labari ne a fili adawa da ikon Hitler, m to humanism masu karatu, arousing su tausayi, kin amincewa da tashin hankali.

Rubuta kamar presentiment na Jamus bala'i a cikin shekaru 40, recounting compatriots juya a cikin igwa fodder. Masu amince da cewa a duniya adabi da wannan labari shi ne mafi kyau littafin na yakin duniya.

Its mabiyi - littafin "The Return" - yi magana game da marubuci ta Sahaban, wanda, gurgu jiki da kuma ruhaniya, dawo daga gaba da farar hula rayuwa, sun kasance ba a bukatar, m.

tilasta ƙaura

Babu wani Annabi a ƙasarsu. Hysterical zarar kira da marubuci ayyukan "subversive." Humanist ji na ban tausayi soja rikice-rikice marubucin fili bai zo daidai da Goebbels akida na National Socialists, wanda ya zo da iko a 30s a Jamus. Nazis da'awa ya rubuta "raunana Jamus ruhu", da kuma Erich Mariya ra'ayi shi ne "maƙiyi daga cikin Führer."

Nazis, fãce dabbanci da kõme ba su yi hamayya da gaskiya gaskiya labari labari game da al'adar ya tsara, a yaki-tsage, da "mayaudara" littattafai fili ƙone. Marubuci, tsoron ramuwar gayya, hijira zuwa Switzerland.

Shekaru 40 na gudun hijira ...

Ko yo lokaci ƙaura marubuci ya zo daidai da neman lokacin da Musa "ƙasar alkawari" domin mutãnensa? Remarque nuna kansa da waje da mahaifarsa, ba kawai a matsayin marubuci - wani Bakan'ane, amma kuma a matsayin marubuci - Falsafa. ya rubuta: "Lokaci bai warkar ...".

Classic nuna a littafan dukan duniya real Jamus ruhu - ruhun gabascin, tausaya wajama'a, ma'aikata, zurfin sake tunani da bala'i na mahaifarsa da kasa. A wannan ruhu da ya kai ga magana daga baya game da "Jamusanci mu'ujiza" - wani m Tarurrukan na kasar.

Daga Switzerland, ya koma Faransa, sa'an nan - to Mexico, sa'an nan - a Amurka. Ya "hijira" litattafan - "Arc de Triomphe", "The Night a Lisbon", "Ka ƙaunaci maƙwabcinka" - sun zama wurin hutawa a duniya wallafe-wallafe. Sahaban fahimta: litattafansu rubuta Remarque.

Ayyukansa - "Three gwarazansa", "Arc de Triomphe", "Aro Life", "The Night a Lisbon." "Black Obelisk", "Lokaci ya Live kuma wani Lokaci zuwa mutu." - an yadu da aka sani da kuma yin fim. A ideas kunshe ne a cikin su Remarque, da kuma kawo sunayensu dacewa.

Kowace daga Remarque ta litattafan cancanci a raba labarin, amma muna iya rubuta wani cikakken daya kawai.

"Arc de Triomphe"

The labari "Arc de Triomphe" Remarque rubuta a karshen yakin duniya na II a Amurka, inda ya yi hijira. Gininsa - na gaskiya labarin wani Jamus hijira, Dr. Fresenburg cewa kasashen waje amfani da ƙarya sunan Ravik. A lokaci guda, Remarque sanya a cikin image na babban harafin da labari mai yawa na sirri ...

Wannan shi ne - a paradoxical littafin, saboda, duk da cewa ta mãkirci rufe shekara na jini yaki, ta leitmotif ya soyayya. A soyayya cewa "ba blur da aminci." A wannan aikin, shi ji ba kawai da style of marubucin, - akwai wani ban mamaki ikon aikinsa. Tarihi talented Jamus likita Ravick ba bisa ƙa'ida ba da zama a birnin Paris da kuma brilliantly aka sarrafa, tilasta kiyaye ainihi ba zai iya barin karatu sha'aninsu dabam, domin ya "ciyar da rayuwa a cikin da yawa hotels", ƙarfafu da pre-yaki kasar, wanda ya kira "rasa aljanna".

Ravick generality daga cikin image da kuma hali na marubucin

Remarque halitta "Arc de Triomphe", ba kawai ba kariminci autobiographical babban halayya. Kamar Dr. Ravik, ba ya iya rayuwa a ƙasarsa ta Jamus (Nazi kwace wa dan kasa). Kamar yadda ya yi yaƙi a yakin duniya I. Kamar yadda protagonist da labari, Na yi a soyayya. Duk da haka, da wallafe-wallafen Zhoan Madu ya quite real samfur - Marlene Dietrich, wanda Remarque a 1937 ya da wani haske al'amarinsu ƙare kawai marubuci ta mutuwa a shekara ta 1970. Yana da aka wani m soyayya al'amarinsu, saboda Marlene aka ba halitta rayuwar iyali ... talented sanarwa na labarin soyayya marubuci sa masu karatu tuna Remarque ambato jin dadin su poetic da kuma daukaka.

Abin da kuma na jan tare da babban Jamus mawallafin na XX karni tare da Dr. Ravick? Haƙĩka, ƙiyayya da Nazis. A cikin labarin, wani littafin likita mai fiɗa ya kashe a Paris Gestapo Executioner Haake da kuma azabtarwa dovedshy ya lover zuwa kashe kansa.

to kama mahaliccin wannan hali, marubuci-soja, wani mutum guillotined a Jamus, ya ƙaunataccen mazan da 'yar'uwa Elfriede iya Uninvented makiya sun lalace a cikin real duniya a yawa guda hanya! "M" sa hannu ji ramuwa a zukatan Ravick, saboda tunani, an maye gurbinsu da wani marmarin "sabunta gwagwarmaya." Wannan za a iya gane, karanta quotes Remarque game da yaki, game adam a cikin mutuncinsa.

"Arch of Kawasaki" - wani labari mai zurfi, falsafar

Abin da kuma ya kawo wallafe-wallafen image da kuma ta mahalicci? Inner core, wanda damar ba kawai don tsira da sau na ruwan kasa da annoba da farkisanci, amma kuma zama wani akida abokan adawar misanthropic akida. Da irin wannan halin farkisanci Remarque ba bayyana kai tsaye. Ga shi shi ne - "jails", "daskararre fuska shahada abokai," "Petrified dutsen rai." Amma shi ne a fili a bayyane ta hanyar da phrases halinsa: wani lokacin fallasa, kuma wani lokacin cynical. Idan artist - mutum goga shanyewar jiki - shi ya kawo wa mai karatu zuwa ga wani sake tunani na jigon "ruwan kasa annoba".

Nuna ra'ayi game da rawar da littattafai a cikin rayuwar

Babu daya kafin shi, kuma bayan bai rubuta cikin littattafan haka naciya. Bayan duk, ga wani mutum mai pariah, wani mutum mai ƙaura ne wadannan "cubic chunks na steaming lamiri" sau da yawa su ne kawai mafi kusa abokai. Kuma Remarque, da kuma Dr. Ravik halitta shi, kasancewa nesa da ƙasar haihuwarsa, sami wani kanti ga rai na karanta littattafai. Yadda m quotes Remarque game da su, gaskiya ne abokai da kuma shawara ga tsawon jimrewa da rãyukansu da shi, ko iskar halittun da mutum baiwa!

Ya kasance m na kerawa Zweig, Dostoevsky, Goethe, Thomas Mann. Hakika, ba kawo littattafai a kan falsafa da kuma mai kyau na gargajiya adabi ƙarin abu, abũbuwan rãyuwã. Duk da haka, shigar azzakari cikin farji ya rubuta da Jamusanci classic na XX karni, sun halitta a cikin mutum rai ta zama wani babban cikas ga mugunta, ba na ba da wannan duhu kashi shiga cikin ransa.

Hoton na marubucin a cikin "Arc de Triomphe"

Game da marubucin rayuwa matsayin maganarsu kwaso Remarque. "Arc de Triomphe ... al'umma ta kare kabarin daga cikin Unknown Soja," abubuwa a matsayin Turai-fadi alama ce zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali. Yana ana riskarsa kamar wani irin babban mutum ke sanya cewa tsira da Yunƙurin da fall na Napoleon da kuma wanda aka qaddara tsira da gazawar da Hitler. The sosai guda labari ne mai waƙar yabon Allah da Turai ra'ayinmu game da duniya dangane da soyayya da kuma mutum dabi'u: m individualism, juriya, m tunani na gaskiya, a shirye su shiga cikin tattaunawa.

Duk da cewa Dr. Ravik, dake zaune a birnin Paris a ranar ƙirƙira takardun, shan wahala rashi - yana da wani m gidaje, ba fara wani iyali da kuma yara - ya ne ba m, tunaninsa ya ba da ayyuka ne masu gaskiya da bude. Ya bi lamirinsa, an taimaka wa mutane a cikin wadannan yanayi, inda mafi m abokan aiki nuna son kai da kuma egotism.

High jin kunya a zaman rayuwar ne ko da yaushe alama kansa Remarque. Ya, kamar Uwar Teresa, kokarin taimakawa kowa da kowa. Alal misali, wani abokin aiki na Hans Erich Sohachevera kawai tattarã a cikin gidansa ... ayyukansa sun a bukatar da kuma kawo kudade, ya zahiri ciyar da shi duk a kan tsabar kudi da taimako ga countrymen - adawa.

Mai tsananin sirri hasãra ne marubuci ga asarar abokinsa - a Jamus jarida Feliksa Mendelsona, wanda aka kashe a cikin jama'a, da hantsi, ta Nazi jamiái.

Ya ba shi da lafiya rai ya countrymen, musamman waɗanda suke a Faransa. Bayan da zama na kasa da Jamus ga mafi yawansu ƙare a cikin wani taro sansanin da kuma mutuwa ... Watakila shi ya sa a kan qananan rubutu Remarque mafi ban tausayi ƙare littafinsa. Ya mutu daga wani harbi da actor kishi da sabanin da mata Joan. Jamus sojojin tsallaka kan iyaka da kuma kusa da Faransa babban birnin kasar. Ravik abubuwa kamar fatalist - 'Yan sanda za, a maimakon haka, to boye ...

Daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar marubucin musamman yanayi na Paris 30th

Ba za muyi adalci, magana game da "Arc de Triomphe", amma lura ta m da kuma tarihi darajar. Karanta shi, kamar qara a cikin yanayi na pre-yaki ... A musamman image na Paris, m rayuwa a rayuwa na alatu, kamar yadda idan ta inertia, jẽranta kwaso Remarque. "Arc de Triomphe" ne game da rashin kulawa da Faransa al'umma. A fragility na wannan halin da ake ciki a bayyane yake.

M a cikin bayanin Faransa babban birnin kasar da aka mayar da hankali da hankali a kan masu karatu na biyu gine-gine - da Arc de Triomphe da Kabarin Unknown Soja.

ƙarshe

Reader al'umma yana da yawa fuskokin ... Mu ne sosai daban-daban: matalauta da masu arziki, nasara da kuma fafitikar ga zama, ganin duniya a mai haske launuka da suke nuna shi a inuwõyinta suna kusa, launin toka. Saboda haka abin da muke da shi a kowa?

Ina son, ka tambayi wannan tambaya, da masu karatu sun samu amsar a na gargajiya adabi, ambata wasu quotes ... Erih nuna ra'ayi, kasancewa inherently abinda ya shafi, kusan duk littafan, shi Labarai mutum al'umma. Kuma ta babban darajar a cikin ra'ayi na marubuci, ya zama soyayya, abota, aminci, jin kunya. A mutumin da wadannan halaye, consistently zo da haske a cikin kadan duniya da yake rayuwa.

Duk da haka, wannan bai isa ba. Domin da "Fasfo" (.. Watau dan kasa), bisa ga Remarque, ya ba mutum daya kadai da dama - to da jin matsananciyar yunwa ga mutuwa, "ba zama a kan gudu." Saboda haka, yana kuma da muhimmanci ka zama mai sana'a a zaba kasuwanci.

Duk wadannan halaye ne muhimmi da wallafe-wallafen heroes Remarque.