Retinitis pigmentosa: cututtuka, magani

Don kwanan wata, akwai mutane da yawa ido cututtuka. Wasu daga cikin su suna samu a cikin yanayi, yayin da wasu suna gaji da ake bincikar lafiya kusan daga haihuwa.

Wannan talifin zai yi magana game da cutar, wanda nasa ne da na biyu kungiyar da ake kira "retinitis pigmentosa". Za mu fahimci abin da ya sa tsokane ta bayyanar, da kuma tattauna ko akwai tasiri hanyoyin da za a rabu da matsalar.

Mene ne retinitis pigmentosa

A cuta ne a hereditary retinal Pathology, a lokacin da wani photoreceptor da pigment epithelium Layer ne a ci gaba da degenerative canje-canje da Aljihuna an kafa bisa ga irin kashi Kwayoyin.

Kamar yadda mai mulkin, retinitis pigmentosa sa kansa ya ji a wani wuri shekaru a lokacin da yaro ba, kuma 8 shekaru, sa'an nan kuma ya fara rayayye ci gaba. Yana razana haƙuri makafi zuwa 40-60 shekaru.

A Sanadin cutar

A primary hanyar retinitis pigmentosa ne a mahara gene maye gurbi da suke da alhakin kira da kuma sharing na musamman da sunadarai a lokacin fetal ci gaba.

A lokaci guda gano babban hanyoyi na ci gaba da cutar:

1. Related zuwa bene. A wannan yanayin, da Pathology shi daga uwa zuwa yaro, tare da X chromosome.
2. Autosomal recessive. Pathology da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga yaro a lokaci guda daga iyaye biyu.
3. Autosomal rinjaye. Pathology yana daukar kwayar cutar daga daya daga cikin iyaye da yaro.

Akwai yanayi a lokacin da retinitis pigmentosa aka bincikar lafiya a wadannan marasa lafiya, wani iyali wanda cuta ba ya faruwa a baya. Amma irin wannan hali ne rare. Yawanci, da Pathology da aka gada da kuma rinjayar da dama da al'ummomi daga wani iyali.

Musamman a hadarin yara haife shi a aure blizkokrovnom a wadda ƙwarai qara Yiwuwar da dama gene maye gurbi.

Nau'in retinitis pigmentosa

Dangane da yanayin da cutar da kuma shafa yankunan, rarrabe biyu siffofin da cutar:

1. Hankula. A wannan nau'i na gani acuity (duka biyu na gefe da kuma tsakiyar) da aka adana na dogon lokaci a cikin al'ada kewayo. Ko da yake a wannan lokacin akwai riga da shan kashi sanda-tsarin da kuma fitowan na foci na pigment jari a wasu yankunan na fundus.

2. atypical. Wannan nau'i na da dama iri:

• Amelanotic retinitis. A lokacin da irin wannan fundus ba pigment Kwayoyin. Duk da haka, akwai sauran bayyanar cututtuka da cutar.
• Aluma kofaton retinitis pigmentosa. Hotuna nuna gaban retinal pigmented foci mayar da hankali a kowane daya sashen fundus kuma a tare da tare da kofaton siffar. A wannan cuta, da cututtuka iya zama duka ba a nan, ko kuma ya lura da su sosai m kwarara.
• Belotochechny. A wannan tsari na fundus lura mahara fari aibobi. Alamun a cikin wannan shi ne kamar a lokacin retinitis pigmentosa.
• Inverted. A wannan nau'i na cutar ta fara da retinal raunuka na tsakiyar ɓangare na shi, shafi tsarin mazugi. A tsari yana tare da ci gaban photophobia kuma m tabarbarewar tsakiyar hangen nesa.

Bayyanar cututtuka da cutar

A lokacin da irin cuta kamar yadda retinitis pigmentosa, photo ido samu a lokacin ophthalmoscopy, nuna gaban uku halayyar fasali:

1. Atrophy na retinal pigment epithelium. A wannan yanayin, akwai aka takaita da karami arteries da kuma bayyanar da farin pigment aibobi.
2. Na gani Disc zama kula paler.
3. A kan periphery daga cikin fundus kuma cikin shakka daga cikin kananan jijiyoyinmu bayyana abin da ake kira "kashi corpuscles."

cututtuka

Abin da canje-canje suna tare da retinitis pigmentosa? Alamun iya hada wadannan:

• dare makanta ( "makanta") sakamakon degenerative mamaki a cikin ido duka.
• rashin ha} uri da tsananin haske.
• Heart hangen nesa.
• saukarwa daga gefe hangen nesa .
• matsaloli a cikin idanunku daidaita zuwa ga duhu dakin bayan da haske, da kuma mataimakin versa.
• dare-makanta.

Atypical siffofin iya bugu da žari a tare da photophobia da kuma rage launi hangen nesa.

ganewar asali da cutar

Ganewar asali retinitis pigmentosa riqe ophthalmologist. Wannan na faruwa a kan tushen da anamnesis, a cikin abin da ya bayyana, ko irin yanayin akalla daya daga cikin dangi. Bugu da kari, nazarin gudanar da asarar photoreceptor cell muhimmancin yin amfani da electroretinography da na gani gwaji.

A gaban halayyar retinitis gashin foci za a iya gano saboda da hali na ophthalmoscopy da fundus hotuna sanya.

Bayyanãwa gaban lahani a ido fundus, da kuma gaban pigment epithelium atrophy da macular edema a yankin ta hanyar amfani da haske da haske a jikin angiography (FAG).

Bugu da kari, da tsare launi hangen nesa, duhu karbuwa da bambanci ƙwarai matakin.

Jiyya na retinitis pigmentosa

Shin yana yiwuwa a rabu da wannan cututtuka kamar retinitis pigmentosa? Jiyya da aka tsara a yau, da rashin alheri, ba zai iya gaba daya rabu da matsalar. Abinda ya iya taimaka likitoci - shi ne a cire wasu daga cikin cututtuka da cutar.

A gaban macular edema aka sanya wa liyafar da diuretics, wanda sun hada da carbonic anhydrase hanawa.

cataract an cire via tiyata.

Photocoagulation ga jijiyoyin bugun gini likitoci bayar da shawarar yarda jijiyoyin bugun gini pharmacological jamiái.

Bugu da kari, bitamin yi tare da girmamawa a kan liyafar na nicotinic acid. Har ila yau, akwai wani hasashe cewa, aiwatar da tabarbarewar za a iya ragae saukar ta kara ci na bitamin A, wanda za a iya samu a cikin da dama daga abin da ake ci kari.

Bugu da ƙari, marasa lafiya rika sa musamman tabarau cewa zai sha hasken rana gajeren zango na tashar radiation. Wannan zai taimaka kare akan tantanin ido daga lalacewa.

The gabatar far zai taimaka wajen rage cikin kudi na ci gaban irin wannan cututtuka kamar retinitis pigmentosa. Jiyya jama'a magunguna a wannan harka za a iya amfani da kawai a cikin nau'i na musamman ɓullo da abinci da yarda, wanda ya samar da mafi ƙarancin adadin purine mahadi da cholesterol a cikin abinci. Bugu da kari, shi ne kyawawa su hada a rage cin abinci blueberries, kamar yadda shi ne halitta antioxidant da kuma wani tushen bitamin A.

Wata hanyar yin kawar da irin wannan matsaloli, kamar retinitis pigmentosa - kara cell far. Wannan hanya ita a halin yanzu karkashin aiki ci gaba, amma masana kimiyya sun yi alkawarin cewa a nan gaba zai fara zuwa rayayye addini da kuma amfani a tare da sauran aka gyara na far.

A qa'ida ta irin wannan magani zai zama kamar haka. Daga kara Kwayoyin tare da m gene a musamman dakunan gwaje-gwaje zai girma retinal Kwayoyin. Next su za a maniyyi a cikin marasa lafiya da retinitis pigmentosa komawa gannansu. A wannan yanayin, na rigakafi da tsarin ne a wani hali ba kãfirta game da implant, kamar yadda aka yi daga haƙuri ta mallaka kara Kwayoyin.

Ko da yake har zuwa batu inda wannan hanyar farawa amfani da magani na cututtuka na ido, har yanzu nisa, a yau na farko matakai wajen cimma burin lura an riga an dauka.

Hanyoyi na ci gaba cutar rigakafin

Tun retinitis pigmentosa, a mafi yawan lokuta ya auku a kayyade matakin, don kauce wa ta bayyananen, da rashin alheri, ba zai yi nasara ba. Abinda ya iya yin haƙuri a cikin irin wannan halin da ake ciki - kamar yadda zai yiwu a rage gudu aiwatar da ci gaban da matsaloli da kuma jinkirta da lokaci na farko na makanta.

Don yin wannan, yana da muhimmanci yin rajistar da wani ophthalmologist a kai a kai su ziyarce shi, kuma ya saurari duk shawarwari. Kamata ba ki sa musamman m tabarau, wanda zai ajiye akan tantanin ido da ido daga cutarwa daukan hotuna zuwa haske.

Ga wadanda suke aunar karanta, kana bukatar ka zabi mafi dace font cewa ba ya bukatar ido iri.

Zauna lafiya!