Rock gishiri halite: Properties, description da kuma bigiren

Sun gishiri (halite, Halite) - shi ne daya daga cikin na kowa ma'adanai a duniya. Chemical Formula NaCl - sodium chloride. The abu na halitta asalin, babban adibas sun mayar da hankali a wuraren da akwai tekuna da ruwaye a zamanin da. A samuwar sabuwar adibas faruwa kullum, gishiri tabkuna, tekuna, estuaries ne m filayen. A halin yanzu Elite iri na edible gishiri cirewa a data kasance tabkuna da kuma muhimmi hannun jari ne halite samuwar zone.

asalin

Halite kuma yana da surface adibas na ma'adanai. Surface adibas kasu kashi tsoho adibas da kuma na zamani form. Ancient yafi wakilta dutse gishiri sedimentary asalin a ƙasa da cewa da zarar ya wanzu bays, tabkuna da kuma teku lagoons a lokacin da duniya ya bushe da zafi sosai, haddasa zafin danshin ruwa.

Burbushin adibas ajiye yadudduka, da sandunansu, ko domes kasa tabbata a cikin matsakaici da sedimentary kankara. Ƙasansu akwai waɗansu inuwõwi m salts da hanyõyi tsarin, mai damara tare da lãka, sandstone. Gini tsari yana samuwa ta hanyar halite dutse motsi lokacin da overlying yadudduka, motsi, tura softer dutse gishiri adibas a cikin attenuated zones, sakamakon wani Dome. A size daga cikin Dome halite iya isa da dama dubun kilomita.

daban na halite

ma'adinai halite rarrabe makarantun firamare da sakandare. Primary samu ilminsa daga zamanin d gishiri brine waha kuma yana da inclusions na sauran ma'adanai. Secondary, halite daga baya, kafa a sakamakon farko redeposition da halite halin da babban abun ciki na bromine.

Ma'adinai sakandare asalin ne m, m tsarin da kuma Forms babban dutsen-gishiri gida a kauri. Lokacin da Mining, bugawa manyan gida halite sakandare asalin wani lokacin m kyakkyawa da tsabta daga Lines, da dama launi palettes. Tafki ne located halite adibas a cikin nau'i na zane, yayin da tsarin shi ne mafi m, farin launi, wani lokacin gefe ƙulli canza launin shudi, wanda zai iya nuna radioactivity.

halaye na ma'adinai

Halite gilashin yana sheki, taurin - 2, da takamaiman nauyi na ma'adinai - 2.1-2.2 g / cm ^3. A lu'ulu'u ne fari, da launin toka, ruwan hoda, blue, ja / inuwa ko colorless. The nauyi na nugget za a iya fentin a dama launuka. Halite crystal aka soldered a fannoni uku na kowane fuska da shigen sukari. Yana faruwa ta halitta a cikin nau'i na stalactites drusen, lu'ulu'u, plaque, da dai sauransu sagging.

Ma'adinai yana da wani ionic raga, wanda ya kunshi mai gaskiya ma cajin sodium ions da barnatar da cajin chloride ions. A dandano halite gishiri yana mai ɗamfarar jũna, shi ne gaba daya mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, ba wani precipitate na impurities a wani dagagge taro precipitates kamar lu'ulu'u ko flakes.

ajiya

Biyu daga cikin duniya most adibas na halite suna located a Volgograd yankin na Rasha, wanda aka located a kan lake Baskunchak, na biyu - a kan lake Elton. Daya daga cikin kwanan nan ya bude Saltworks ne Sol-Iletsk ajiya a cikin Orenburg yankin da kuma Usolsky a Yakutia. A Ukraine, ɓullo Slavic Artemovskoye da Carpathian adibas.

Manyan yanki takardar adibas suna located in Jamus da Austriya. A Amurka, da sararin reserves na halite ne a Kansas, Oklahoma da kuma a cikin Saskatchewan tasa a Canada.

Babban aikace-aikace

Halite gishiri da aka fi amfani da matsayin reagent a yaki da kankara a kan hanyoyi. A yanayin damina da mafi Rasha ne halin da dogon lokaci na sanyi weather, hazo, forming kankara kwasfa. Ganin tsawon motorways, babu dabara ne ba su iya samar da wani m yarda da roadway. A amfani garwayayye dangane halite taimaka wajen sauri kuma yadda ya kamata a magance da icing da kuma tabbatar da zirga-zirga lafiya.

Fasaha gishiri halite yana da irin wannan abũbuwan amfãni:

• A sauƙi, versatility na amfani.
• Ajiye reagent halaye a low yanayin zafi (-30 ° C).
• Environmental aminci.
• Low kwarara.
• Low cost.
• Total kasancewa.

Features na aikace-aikace

Tarbiyyar da roadway tushen reagent halite tsokani da samuwar wani slurry, wanda ke lalata garin kankara ɓawon burodi, tam tsunduma tare da kwalta. A hasara na reagent za a iya daukarsa solidification na dukan taro (da suka narke kankara reagent) a yanayin zafi a kasa -30 ° C.

Domin mafi alhẽri tsaftacewa hanyoyi, halite gishiri ne gauraye da yashi, ko dutse turɓãya, wanda damar sauri da kuma mafi tsabta da kwalta a kan kankara. Bisa ga bayani dalla-dalla ga tsarkakewa na daya murabba'in mita na hanya bukatar wani fiye da 150 grams na gishiri, inda ya sanya ma'adinai ne m kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da sauran reagents. Domin gida amfani, musamman a cikin hunturu, ba za ka iya saya kananan kunshe-na ma'adinai reagent. Halite fasaha da gishiri, da farashin da dabam a kiri 5 rubles da kilogram, copes tare da aiki.

Wasu yankunan na amfani

Fasaha gishiri (halite ma'adinai) da ake amfani a cikin masana'antu a cikin yankunan:

• Mai samar. Ainihin dukiya tabbatarwa halite - kankara rushe, softening daskararre ko ƙẽƙashe gona. A cikin hunturu, ko a cikin Far Arewa ma'adinai gishiri bayani a karkashin matsin ne pumped cikin ya fadi na sukar borehole, wanda facilitates kara aiki da kuma kubutar da wasu albarkatu.
• A pelleted halite da ake amfani da wankin masana'antu boilers, tsarin dumama don rage hawa. Har ila yau, wannan m nau'i na ma'adinai da ake amfani da matsayin tace kashi don wanke babban kundin na ruwa, kamar ruwa rijiyoyin. Bugu da kari ga tacewa, gishiri magani kawar da ruwa daga bayyanar kwayoyin da kwayoyin. Ga m dalilai ake amfani da su rage stiffness na ruwan zafi.
• Construction. Halite gishiri amfani a samar da silica tubali don goya kwanciyar hankali ga karshe samfurin kaifi zazzabi canje-canje, kuma qara da ƙarfi halaye da kuma tsawaita da aiki rayuwa. Tubalin da hydrochloric ƙari a yi na wani m kudin farashin. Kara da turmi gishiri taimake shi ya sauri "jen Grips", wanda gudãnar up gina tsari, kuma qara karko, AMINCI yi.

Akwai fiye da 14.000 wuraren gishiri da ake amfani da fasaha (halite). A magani, da shi da ake amfani da samar da Saline, magunguna iri iri, magunguna preservatives. Fasaha gishiri samu aikace-aikace a masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci a matsayin coolant, kyale sauri daskare da kuma ci gaba da kayayyakin a Game da yanayin zafi.

aiwatar

A cikin aiwatar da su, akwai iri uku ma'adanai, da bambance-bambance kunshi a cikin halaye:

• Higher sa - sodium chloride ciki ya kamata ba kasa da 97%, da abun ciki na wadannan impurities zama ba fiye da 0,85%.
• Origin - ba kasa da 90% a cikin nauyi na alli chloride, na ɓangare na uku impurities - 5%.
• Na biyu - da ƙaramar abun ciki na asali kashi ya kamata game da 80%, an halatta impurities a wani adadin 12% na jimlar nauyi.

The adadin danshi a wani aji kayyade to ba fiye da kashi 4.5%. Daga sa dogara a kan farashin a wadda saki fasaha gishiri (halite). A farashin da ton na albarkatun kasa dabam daga 3500-3700 rubles (a cikin kunshin).

A cewar jihar matsayin, ajiya da kuma rarraba da ma'adinai yarda tudun, ton, a propylene fakitoci na daban-daban masu nauyi. A wannan yanayin, gishiri, cushe a bags, yana da wata iyaka shiryayye rai - har zuwa shekaru biyar, alhãli kuwa da gishiri a girma za a iya adana domin mai dogon lokaci.

Kasuwanci da cewa ci gaba da filin, gudanar da aiwatar da ma'adinai wagon lodi zuwa sari, wanda damar zuwa kara samar. Bisa ga daraja, da kuma shi ne m da muhimmancin wannan ma'adinai kamar yadda gishiri (halite). Price da tonne a aiwatar wagon lodi jeri daga 1,400 zuwa 2.600 rubles.

Bugu da kari ga fasaha aikace-aikace, halite aka aiwatar kamar yadda ake bukata ma'adinai kari ga dabbobi, a cikin wannan yanayin da aka yi da guga man ma'adinai a briquettes batun.