Ruwa jiragen sama na jiragen da kuma jiragen: reviews game da kera, amfani ko rashin amfani

Matsayin mai mulkin, mutanen da suka za i su yi shirki da irin aiki (ko da shi ya zama sha'awa, ko sana'a) tare da gawawwakin ruwa kamar koguna ko tabkuna, jima ko daga baya fuskantar matsala na zabi da kuma irin jirgin ruwan propulsion a gare shi. Motor-girma ruwa jet ko har yanzu dunƙule? Kowane yana da ribobi da fursunoni. Yadda za a zabi, abin da ya kula? Kuma ko da shi ne zama dole su yi zabi tsakanin ruwa jet da classic motor bude aron kusa?

famfo-jet

Ruwa jet kira a motor for propulsion da jirgin ruwa ta hanyar karfi generated da saki da ruwa jet.

A propulsion na'urar qunshi wani propeller shaft (impeller) vodomotnoy bututu straightener da tuƙi na'urar.

Ka'idar aiki ne ingress ruwa ta hanyar da impeller ga ruwa mashiga jam'iyya, da kuma bayan ruwa da aka fitad da ta Tapered tube, da kanti na wanda shi ne karami a diamita fiye da mashiga ruwa. Wannan halitta a jet cewa samar da motsi na da mota jirgin ruwan. Tare da tuƙi tsarin da aka samar da wani canji na shugabanci na motsi da juyawa da jet propulsion naúrar a kwance jirgin sama, samar da jirgin ruwa jũya, kuma overlapping kanti obratnonapravlenny halitta ya kwarara, samar da baya up jirgin.

By zabar ruwa jet ne yawanci karkata mutane, wanda sau da yawa da ya yi tafiya barjat tafkunan ko sashen kogin. Al'ada dunƙule mota a cikin wadannan yanayi kasada zo a cikin disrepair saboda da babban hadarin da Tuddan slime a dunƙule a cikin m ruwa ko tuntubarsu tare da manyan tarkace. A irin wannan yanayi, yana da muhimmanci famfo-jet, samar da babban gudun, maneuverability da aminci.

Kada ta kasance iyaka ra'ayoyi na mahalarta a cikin daban-daban forums. Bayan wani m hoto ya sa ya yiwu ba kawai da za a duba. High girma ruwa jet ne ba kawai da wahala tsarin, shi ne ba don wani jirgin ruwa model iya zama ya dace. Idan novice dadi tare da ra'ayin amfani da jirgin ruwa tare da famfo-jet, ya kamata zauna a karshe version na jirgin da ruwa cannons a cikin na asali kayan aiki. Haka kuma, shi ne kyawawa su zabi wani manufacturer tsunduma a samar da propulsion data na dogon lokaci.

Amfani ko rashin amfani

Ruwa jet na'urar ne musamman ganin cewa dukan manyan motsi sassa "boye" cikin jiki. Idan jirgin ruwan gudanar aground, taɓa kasa na ƙwanso faruwa. Wannan zane yanayin ba ka damar kare abubuwa daga ana lalace, wanda ba shine outboards da "fili" dunƙule. Famfo-jet ba su ji tsoron saduwa da karkashin ruwa datti.

Lokacin da tuki a mota jirgin ruwan a cikin kududdufi ruwa tare da zurfin kimanin daidai da saukowa jiki (game da 20 santimita) ruwa igwa nasara shara yankunan, da kuma yankunan da cikas protruding daga cikin ruwa saboda ta maneuverability.

Idan ka tashi a kan wani shãmaki a zurfin game da 30 santimita, da tasiri za zaton da kasa na jirgin ruwan, maimakon ruwa igwa, tun da mover ne babu protruding sassa, wanda ba za a iya ce da outboard, wanda buga zaton da ruwan wukake da propeller.

Lokaci-lokaci tsotso-jet amfani da yardar crafts saboda taushi ikon watsa aiki (watsa), kuma babu vibrations.

A abũbuwan amfãni kamata kuma sun hada da babu ƙarin ruwa juriya peculiar zuwa injuna da bude propeller (propeller ruwa da kuma haifar da ƙarin juriya). Bugu da kari, ya zama ruwan dare high inertia Manuniya mafi m handling a kan babban gudun (as a gaban yayin da a raya). Da irin muhimmancin ne da iyaka da kuma low amo: High girma ruwa jet outboard guje kula fi shuru fiye da mota da propeller.

Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da korau gefen: karkashin m ruwa akwai hadarin da cewa engine za a tsaurara duwatsu, yashi da tarkace daga kasa, saboda ruwa igwa aiki a kan manufa da wani famfo famfo. Wannan zai iya haifar da lalacewar da impeller, gazawar da sanyaya tsarin da ba daidai ba aiki na wani magudanun bututun ƙarfe.

Wani mummunan nufi shi ne gogayya. Yana ne ya sa ta high gudun yunkuri na ruwa a cikin bututu. Kada ka manta game da kudin da kafuwa. Vodomotnye outboard injuna game da sau biyu, kamar yadda tsada kamar na al'ada outboards bude dunƙule. Saboda wannan jirgi tare da wani famfo-jet Hade muhimmanci ƙara zuwa da darajar da aka sani da abokan ciniki a matsayin whim ko wani alatu.

Sabon abu ga magoya na classic dunƙule Motors da kuma wani ruwa jet kula da tsarin. Matsalar mai tushe daga gaskiya cewa classic propeller da wani bude propeller yana da guda-liba kula da tsarin. Famfo-jet ne ma reversibly multilink-tuƙi na'urar. Wasu masana'antun sarrafa, don samar da jiragen tare da gina-in ruwa jet da guda-liba kula da tsarin. A daya hannun, yana taimaka wa koyi da ruwa igwa, a daya hannun, wajen entails matsaloli fiye da amfanin:

• Da fari dai, mafari tasowa ba daidai ba ra'ayin game da famfo-jet. Wannan shi ne saboda da rashin irin wannan watsa, wanda damar fassara shift liba zuwa tsaka tsaki matsayi. Transmission iya ko dai tafiyar da kama ko kashe. Famfo-jet ne a hankali samun gudun lokacin da instantaneous halayen kamar jerk daga wani wuri ba za a sa ran.
• Abu na biyu, domin mafi fahimtar ka'idojin da ruwa jet, shi ne shawarar auku dace horo. A abin zamba famfo-jet iko da yake a cikin bukatar amfani da maƙura liba (don kara gudu) kawai a cikin wani bude kandami. Lokacin da tuki a kan wani karamin kogin Rapids ne mafi alhẽri ba su yi haka.
• The uku muhimmanci hasara, muhimmi a cikin wani irin ruwa kai - overgrowing. Musamman m ne matsalar halin da ake ciki tare da ruwa cannons, kamar yadda duk motsi sassa ne a ciki. Tare da ci gaba da amfani mover ba matsala. Duk da haka, idan jirgin ruwan da ba a amfani na dogon lokaci, da cikunna ne overgrown. A musamman, fouling viscera magudanun ruwa tsarin rage gudun motsi har zuwa 10%. Matsalar da aka warware da disassembly na ruwa jet tsaftacewa da hannu, amma idan mota jirgin ruwan wãsã sosai dogon lokaci, za a tuntube da shagon da kuma duba for dace kayayyakin gyara ga jirgin ruwan injuna. Amfani na musamman fenti abun da ke ciki za su warware wannan matsalar, amma ba domin dogon: akai yunkuri na ruwa da sauri wanke kau da fenti.

High girma ruwa jet - yana da lafiya!

Hakika, da aminci daga jet drive - babban m fasalin. Tun da impeller aka located ciki, ruwa igwa ba cutarwa ga mutum zama a ruwa. Irin wannan na'urorin amfani da jirgin ruwan da jirage a lokacin towing ruwa wasan na da surfers.

Tsarin fasali na famfo-jet damar jirgin ruwan da aka yi ta hanyar juya kusan a wuri ta baya-tuƙi na'urar (RDD), na samar da wani canji na shugabanci (baya) na effluent.

ruwa jet sassa ne samuwa, da kuma gyara ba sa da yawa wahala. Idan ruwa jet engine kasa, ya kamata ka yi amfani da sabis na wani jiki shop, inda daya saukin gyara ko sauyawa. All zai dogara ne a kan mataki na lalacewa. Za ka iya bukatar rework da fastening tsarin, sanyaya kuma shaye a cikin hali na maye.

Famfo-jet yana da yawan nuances, wanda bai kamata a saba shukawa. Daya daga cikin wadanda: da za a maneuvered a high gudun, kada sake saita har karshen wani rawar daji, ko sun jũya, ko U-jũya up.

Ta yaya kuma outboard mota, famfo-jet shigarsu Tuddan algae hadarin a impeller, wanda, bi da bi, za a iya jam. Don hana lalacewar da engine a cikin hali na algae a Tuddan shaft, musamman key, wanda za a iya yanka. Algae ne ma sauki rabu da wata bude ƙyanƙyashe. Yana bayar da kariya da fadowa kankara - Grid.

Yadda za a zabi wani ruwa igwa

Al'ada bude outboard Motors da propeller yadda ya dace (ingancinsu) daidai to 0.65-0.75 lokacin da motsi a matsakaici gudu. Ga yadda ya dace da ruwa jet ne kamar 0,55 a gudun 40-55 km / h. By kara da gudun zuwa 100 km / h shi ne riga 0.60-0.65. Dace zane dukkan abubuwa na famfo-jet bada wani dace na kimanin 0,70. Kamar haka wajibi ne a yi la'akari da ba kawai da ruwa igwa amma kuma hanzari masu saro shigar ruwa jet zane.

An shawarar zuwa karatu a yawan dokoki da damar zuwa zabi cikin hikima ruwa cannons, babban mayar da hankali wanda shi ne damuwa tare da zane da kuma masana'antu da fasaha. Ya kamata a lura da cewa wajibi ne a kula da siffar da bututun ƙarfe. Magudanun ruwa dole madauwari ko elliptical giciye-bangaranci siffar. Kadan kyawawa embodiments ne square magudanun ruwa bututu da kuma a cikin wani nau'i na murabba'i mai dari da taso sasanninta.

An muhimmanci al'amari ne karkatar kwana intakes axis. Zabi zama a kan wani "mafi girma gudun - gangara ne kasa." Vodomotnye masu saro tasowa gudun a cikin kewayon 55-65 km / h, wanda aka samu da kwana na 35-39 digiri. Don cimma mafi girma gudu da kwana ya kamata a rage zuwa 25 digiri. A kwana na son na propeller shaft da aka zaba a cikin kewayon daga sifili zuwa biyar digiri.

shigarwa

Jet drive ya kamata a shigar a cikin haske-gudun tasoshi, da ake kira "planing". Irin jiragen an tsara don gudun kan 60 km / h. Duk da haka, wani lokacin ruwan igwa saka a mota jiragen tare da talakawan karkata kwana na kasa (deadrise) daga 10 zuwa 30 digiri.

A lokacin shigarwa, la'akari da nauyin da propeller, kamar yadda wani har abada a cikin ruwa in ji wani gwaji rabo daga cikin nauyi jirgin ruwa. Domin yin lissafin "propulsion" jirgin ruwa, ya kamata la'akari da muhimmanci nuance. Amma idan muka yi la'akari da cikakken hoto, ruwa igwa saka a kan jirgin ruwan - mafi m version fiye da engine tare da wata kusurwa shafi. A karin nauyi saukin biya diyya ta rashi na gearbox, wanda ya maye gurbin da baya-tuƙi. Yana da daraja abin lura, masana bayar da shawarar da shigarwa na musamman hada guda biyu tsakanin engine da ruwa igwa. Wannan na samar da wani zama ruwan dare aiki na mota, ko da kuwa yanayin na famfo-jet.

topicality

Fatan sha'awa a cikin famfo-jet daga cinikayya gwada da kwanan nan ya haifar. Godiya ga gwaje-gwajen Shipbuilding kamfanoni a cikin wani nau'i na ruwa jet shigarwa na high-gudun teku ferries, soja da kasuwanci tasoshi, da irin wannan jirgin propulsion lashe shi shahararsa.

Nasara aiki kwarewa ya nuna da yawa boye abũbuwan amfãni, ban da bayyane magabaci cewa lashe vodomotnye jiragen a cikin kududdufi ruwaye.

Saboda haka, daya daga cikin Italian shipping kamfanonin, da tallata yacht tare da famfo-jet, na nuna irin wannan fasali a matsayin babban mataki na adaptability zuwa canza lodi a kan jirgin ruwa (wanda mai yiwuwa sau da yawa bambanta), kazalika da mafi gwaji yadda ya dace a gudu daga 60 zuwa 95 km / h .

Ruwa cannons waje da Shoal

Wadannan halaye taka muhimmiyar rawa ga wani high-gudun jirgin ruwan a matsayin classic mover da wani bude propeller jirgin ruwan gudun dogara da dunƙule gudun. Canza yanayin yanayi, na taimaka rage da jirgin ruwa bugun jini, take kaiwa zuwa wahala rike akai gudun. Wannan yana da mummunan tasiri a kan engine yi saboda da rashin ci gaba a mafi yawan jũya. Saboda da peculiarities na ruwa jet, shi ne rashin iyawa to motor obalodi, da damar samar da wani babban yawan jũya, ko da gudun motsi da jirgin ruwa. Wato, da yawan juyin ya ragu, da kaya a kan engine zai zama guda, a canja man fetur amfani da naúrar na lokaci, amma zai kara man fetur amfani da naúrar nesa.

Bugu da kari, famfo-jet maneuverability damar yachts moored a ƙunƙuntaccen kogin Piers maimakon musamman tashoshin jiragen ruwa. Bugu da kari, wani muhimmin al'amari da wanda ruwa cannons tsiwirwirinsu fitarwa a fannin aikace-aikace a kan cruise jiragen ne su shiru aiki.

Motor yachts fara samun matsaloli a lokacin da tuki sama da 50 km / h a matsafai na kan tekuna. Wannan shi ne saboda kara ruwa juriya da ruwan wukake (ko da idan juyawa) propeller. Lokacin amfani da wani ruwa jet ma ba kome juriya saboda da zane mover samar da ci gaba da kwarara a kusa da gidaje.

Cruise jiragen wuya tafi a high gudun, da bukatar wani ruwa jet ne ya sa ta bege ga mafi m, kuma mai lafiya engine aiki. Amma akwai lokutta da samar da ƙara gudun a bude teku a kudi na ikon - cewa shi ne, shigar da mahara injuna.

kasuwar rabo

AMINCI ruwa cannons a shara kududdufai sa ba gunaguni. Sananne ne cewa kotun shawo kan wadannan najasa wurare kamar Channel, ba tare da guda gazawar.

Duk da amfani, famfo-jet amfani a diametrically gaban yankunan Shipbuilding, ko dai a kan multiengine cruise jiragen ko a kan kananan gudun jiragen ko jet kayan gudun kan. Kuma ga karshe ruwa igwa shi ne kawai zaɓi. Zaki ya share na kasuwar ma sa jirage daban-daban masu girma dabam tare da classic propeller. Game da wani musamman kananan yawan jiragen da cewa fita daga cikin taron jama'ar line, da ciwon riga gina ruwa igwa, ba wanda ake ambata.

Total na game da 11% (bisa ga masana) nasa ne da famfo-jet kasuwar. Amma wannan adadi za a iya rage muhimmanci, idan ba su cikakken la'akari da kasuwar na propulsion na'urorin, ban da jet kayan gudun kan, ruwa igwa wanda shi ne wani ɓangare daga cikin zane.

A cewar kintace na kamfanonin da cewa tsirar injuna, akwai yiwuwar kara wannan adadi zuwa 45% saboda da watsuwar famfo-jet kasuwar m.

Reviews na injuna da kuma masana'antun

A yawa na kama kifi masu goyon baya fi son yin amfani da jirage "Rotan 240m" a tare da wani ruwa jet Kawasaki 40.

A cewar su, da manufacturer Kawasaki ikirarin ne kadan. Mafi yawa hade tare da kurakurai "unaccustomed" saboda reviews an rubuta ga mafi part waɗanda suka yi kwanan nan canza ruwan igwa daga daya zuwa wani. Wannan ba kawai wani wurin twitches bayan da santsi sallama liba kasa da zurfin raya na jirgin ruwan.

Korau martani lura da kamfanin Tohatsu. Da fari dai, masunta koka m sayan m kayayyakin. Na biyu, da model Tohatsu 40 da aka wa lakabi da "m sorokovke" kamar yadda 40 horsepower engine ba ya ba fita. Sau da yawa maye gurbinsu Tohatsu 50, amma wannan model sauri overheats.

A amfani da propeller

Girkawar gargajiya outboard propulsion naúrar ya dace, idan ya cancanta yin amfani da maximally Saukake tsarin da kuma motsi a cikin ruwa yankin tare da zurfin mafi girma fiye da talakawan a low gudu (har zuwa 50 km / h).

Yamaha motors suna da kyau tabbatar. Akwai nau'ikan iri uku:

• Ƙuƙwalwar ƙafa tare da matsakaici mai ƙare. Bambancin tsari shi ne cewa fitar da man fetur, da kuma sakin makamashi na konewa, yana tsakiyar - a tsakiyar tsakiya, inda ake ɗawainiya.
• Gyaran gine-gine tare da tsari na bude bude wuta a kan wani bayanan.
• Kasuwanci tare da shafuka guda biyu da suka ƙare a sama da kasa da axis.

Kammalawa

Gaba ɗaya, motar motar ruwa ta ruwa mai kawo wadata mai yawa ga zane na jirgin ruwa, amma baza'a rabu da abubuwan da aka bayyana a sama ba. In ba haka ba, mai tsada mai tsada zai iya zama nauyi.

Masu masana'antu na waje sun samar da jiragen ruwa na ruwa tare da matukar haɓaka da ƙananan ƙananan girma. Alal misali, Yamaha jet na ruwa tare da girman girman 350x560x300 mm da yin la'akari da kilogiram 19 na da nauyin kimanin 75,000 rubles a kasuwar gida.

Ruwa igwa Mercury ME jet 25 ml (ciyar a cikin US) bulkier: a tsawon daga cikin manya rabo daga cikin gidaje (horizontally) 508 mm, nauyi game da 60 kg, Engine girma 420 cm ^3, yawan impeller juyin minti daya kai 5000, cikakken manual iko. Kudin da aka samu a cikin kasuwa na gida yana da 263 500 rubles.

Ruwan Japan ruwa Tohatsu M25JET tare da irin wadannan halaye (wanda ya bambanta da yawan juyin juya halin: 5200-5600 a minti daya) yana darajar 287 500 rubles.

Don kwatanta, ana iya samo motar kullun da aka samu a farashin 30,000 rubles da sama.

Ba abin mamaki ba, saboda wannan bambanci a darajar, wasu sun yanke shawarar sayen ruwa. Farashin yana da babba, kuma ba kowa ba ne zai iya samun irin waɗannan abubuwa. Har ila yau, ana fatan za a yi la'akari da cewa, lokacin da farashin farashin ya inganta, kamar yadda masu samar da harkokin waje suka yi hasashen. Sa'an nan famfo-jet otvoyuyut cewa wani gwaji rabo daga cikin kasuwar.

Ya kamata a lura cewa karuwar karuwar yin amfani da ɗakunan ruwa yana tabbatar da shi ta hanyar masana'antun sanannun. Kamfanoni masu shahararrun sune:

• Yamaha (Japan);
• Suzuki (Japan);
• Tohatsu (Japan);
• Kawasaki (Japan);
• Mercury (Amurka);

Samfurori na kowace kamfani suna halin halayen ingancin su, kayan aiki da halayen aiki.

Tambayar da ake bukata don samun kayan ajiya don motar motar jirgin ba ta tashi sosai. Dukkanin labarin da aka ambata. Ana samun cikakkun bayanai don sayarwa a ƙarƙashin tsari, kuma don sayarwa a ɗakuna na musamman ko magunguna masu gyaran mota. Gyara jetsin ruwa ba babban matsala ba ce.

Masu sana'a suna ba da adadin lokaci na duba kowanne zane, daki-daki, da kowane darajar lambobi kafin sa samfurin a kan ruwa. An inganta samfurori: Jet jiragen ruwa tare da babban adadin cylinders an samar, tare da adadi mai yawa, tare da igiyoyi na hagu da dama. An kuma kulawa da hankali ga kayan aiki mai tsabta a cikin samar da na'urori masu dacewa, don haka ba kawai don murkushe sauti na injin ba, amma kuma don rage vibration. An ba da tsarin kulawa na musamman don shigarwa a cikin cikakken jigilar ruwa. Kayan aiki da ke rage abin da ake kira ƙaddamarwa, don yin iko da jirgin ruwa mafi kyau.

Akwai samfurori da cikakken kulawar lever, ba a haɗa da amfani da tsarin USB ba, wanda hakan ya rage rashin yiwuwar yanayi mara kyau wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewar ba zato ba tsammani.

Idan akai la'akari da duk abin da ke sama, za a kula da zabin mai-ruwa a hankali sosai. Yawancin kuɗin da aka kashe a cikin saye ya kamata a biya a nan gaba, kuma bambancin tsakanin amfani da kullun da jigilar jiragen ruwa ya kamata ya zama maraba.