Sashen fern: kowa halayyar fasali. Yadda yawa jinsunan ferns

fern sashen dokoki jijiyoyin bugun gini shuke-shuke, da suka hada da duka biyu na zamani da kuma zamanin da mafi girma. Yanzu akwai game da dubu goma jinsuna daban na ferns, waxanda suke da tartsatsi a ko'ina cikin duniya, wanda zai iya saduwa da ko'ina a cikin duniya.

Janar halaye na fern, jinsunan sunan

Rainforests da mafi kyaun yanayi domin su girma. Ga akwai mafi girma yawan jinsunan ferns, wanda girma ba kawai a ƙasa, amma ko da a cikin kututturan da kuma harbe na itatuwa.

Fern shuka za a iya samu a cikin crevices na kankara, swamps, tabkuna, ganuwar gine-gine, hanya verges. Duhu yankunan na wurare masu zafi gandun daji ne manufa domin kiwo lianovidnyh da kuma itacen ferns, kuma dogon lokacin da iyo live kusa ruwa. Ba su jawo hankalin da hankali, amma su ne ubiquitous saboda ta undemanding zuwa girma.

Ferns mu gandun daji

A mu latitudes, inda da sauyin yanayi da aka temperate itace ferns ba za a iya hadu, amma perennial herbaceous jinsunan ferns isa. Idan ka dubi yadda da yawa jinsunan ferns girma a Rasha, za su zama game da wani mutum ɗari. Mafi na kowa ferns ne jimina fern, lady-fern da kuma Japan, Dryopteris namiji mnogoryadniki, listovik skolopendrovy, Pteridium aquilinum.

Tsire-tsire suna kunshe a cikin fern rabu bambanta daga sauki ƙananan, kamar algae, gaban da kara, tushen da kuma ganye, wanda suna da nasu halaye.

Mai tushe, rhizomes su tsarin

Kara ferns ɓullo da ba ta da yawa. Shi ne m da kuma kananan. Fãce, watakila, masu wurare masu zafi itace ferns, da ciwon wani nau'i na kafa mai tushe, a saman abin da akwai kananan kambi kunshi isasshe manyan ganye.

A mafi yawan lokuta, herbaceous fern shuke-shuke da gajeriyar mai tushe, da ake kira rhizomes. A rhizomes ya kasu kashi biyu iri daban-daban, dangane da siffar da wuri daga cikin ganye da kuma tushen sa.

Nau'i na farko ya hada da rhizomes, tushen pridatochny a wanda aka located a kan ƙananan gefen kuma bar a saman. Nau'i na biyu rhizomes surface gaba ɗaya rufe da ganye, kuma asalinsu. A rhizomes wasu jinsunan fern iya zama guba.

Features ganye

Ganye, idan aka kwatanta da kara, sun fi girma, kuma da yawa wa mutum. A wasu jinsunan fern ganye iya girma har zuwa talatin mita a tsawon. Mai da fern leaf petiole kuma dissected pinnate farantin wanda yana sanda wanda shi ne wani nau'i ne na tsawo daga tushe.

Girma daga rhizomes matasa ganye suna nada look. Apical girma fern leaf aka adana na dogon lokaci. Wannan hujja ne quite ban sha'awa, tun da irin wannan ci gaban domin ganye na mafi girma shuke-shuke da cikakken ba hankula.

Bugu da kari ya yin da ayyuka da muhimmanci a tabbatar da shuka kwayoyin halitta, ganye wasu jinsunan ferns ne spore jikinsu.

haifuwa

Akwai ferns, ganye, wanda zai iya zama mabanbanta. A daya da daya shuka ganye ne bakararre, ba tare da sporangia da kuma ganye, waxanda suke da sporangia. Irin wannan ganye suna kira m, aka fassara daga Latin - barbarar.

A spores na mafi jinsunan suna located a kasa na mayar da surface na takardar. Kamar yadda da mafi yawan hakan shuke-shuke, da aiwatar da haifuwa a ferns faruwa a lokacin spores girma. Ilimi na musamman, inda rigingimu ake kira sporangia ci gaba. A sararin jari na spores shirya kusa da juna ta samar da Sori. Su ne kamar "bags", inda rigingimu da aka adana.

Da zarar spores ne cikakke, suka fada, suna inflated da iska da kuma fada cikin wani ta'aziyya ga girma yanayi. Ba da da ewa daga tsirar da spores kafa kore karamin farantin da ciwon diamita kawai dama millimeters, wanda shi ne prothallia fern.

gametes

Wannan zarostok fara rayuwa ta clinging ga ƙasa ta su threadlike tsarin. A kan ƙananan ɓangare na tasowa namiji da mace gametes (qwai da maniyyi). Dropwise ruwa ko raɓa, wanda aka jinkirta da prothallia, maniyyi Kwayoyin suna tsĩrar da su da qwai, game da shi, yin hadi.

Fern gymnosperms suna bambanta daga wasu nau'in a cikin toho. Babban bambancin - a haifuwa na pollen kuma gametes ne a ciki shi. Hirtsinta aka ɗauke da iska a tsawon nisa. A tsaba suna kafa a Cones, ba su da wani harsashi, don haka ya kira gymnosperms.

guda shekaru dinosaur

fern rabu ne sosai haihuwa da shi tare da sauran fure shuke-shuke da aka surface Layer na kasar gona. A cikin Carboniferous lokaci a swampy gandun daji a cikin yankunan Baya ga babbar horsetails da kuma kulob din mosses girma tsoho ferns, wanda isa Heights na talatin da mita.

A guda na ci har yanzu suna kwafi manyan ganye babban itace ferns. Yanzu yada fern lura a ko'ina cikin duniya, ko da kuwa da sauyin yanayi. An same su duka a cikin zafi tropics da kuma a cikin arewacin sassa na duniya.

Seasons exert su da tasiri a kan shuka fern. A cikin bazara ya fara da girma da kuma ci gaba, da kuma kusa da fall, wadannan matakai sun yanyanke. A mafi jinsunan leaf mutuwa ya auku, amma akwai kuma nau'in a wanda akwai su wintering da suka kasance kore, ƙarfafu da cewa a wurare masu zafi canjin yanayin da, idan aka kwatanta da sauran abada kore shuke-shuke, ferns, kuma, zama kore duk lokaci.

Sunan "fern" ya zo daga da kyau dimbin yawa ganye kama da alkalami. Ba kamar sauran mafi girma spore shuke-shuke, ferns da babban muhalli muhimmanci a cikin yanayi, misali, ne wani muhimmin bangaren da gandun daji.

Commercial amfani

Division fern, yana da fadi da aikace-aikace a cikin iyali. Saboda haka mazaunan wasu kasashe suna amfani da abinci da kuma ainihin matasa harbe na ferns, da ciwon wani nau'i na itace. Wadannan guda marinated da salted. Alal misali, edible ne "Pteridium aquilinum," wanda yana da wani babban abun ciki na gina jiki da kuma sitaci a cikin ganyayyaki.

Mutane da yawa irin fern ana amfani da sinadaran ga miyagun ƙwayoyi da hanji parasites. Tsarkakewa sakamako yana da tushen da shuka da ake amfani da su fitarwa gubobi, kuma suka suna bi sores, eczema, ciwon kai, raunuka. Tushen iya taimakawa wajen maido da cikakken mafi kyau duka aiki na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin.

ado ganye

Saboda da manyan kyau da kuma dissected ganye, fern ne sau da yawa amfani da matsayin ado na lambuna da gonakin. Alal misali, ferns "marsilea quadrifolia" da aka yi amfani da kayan ado na jikin ruwa da kuma dasa kai tsaye a cikin ruwa. Fern, wanda yana da sunan "Nephrolepis" ya dade da aka yi amfani da matsayin ornamental houseplant, jawo mutane domin ta manyan openwork ganye.

Ruwa ferns ana yadu amfani da kayan ado na aquariums. Bugu da kari ga kayan ado, irin ferns da muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da ganin mazaunan oxygen. Yadda yawa jinsunan ferns ba su kasance, duk suka taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rayuwar gandun daji.

m wakilan

Amma wajibi ne a yi hankali, saboda wasu iri ferns dafi. Tsire-tsire dryopteridaceae iyali, ne mai hatsari, a matsayin abun ciki na rhizomes dauke da guba Kalam na phloroglucinol. Duk da haka Dryopteris da magani Properties da ake amfani da magani daga helminthiasis.

Kamar yadda zamu iya gani, suna da yawa amfani Properties, don haka kana bukatar ka kare ferns. Ziyartar Forest Park da kuma ba ka bukatar ka kashe karya ferns girma furanni don ado, saboda ganyen wadannan tsoho shuke-shuke a cikin raunin halakar da sauri da kuma rasa su bayyanar.

A shuka zama mai sha'awar, da shanyayyu, wilted kuma kawai jefar. Saboda waɗannan ayyuka adadin daga cikin tsofaffin shuke-shuke da ciwon amfani Properties nauyi rage-rage. Musamman siffofin fern bukatar bi da su da matuqar ji na ƙwarai.