Shin ka san cewa iska - gas cakuda? Air Gas abun da ke ciki

Air - muhimmin sharaɗi na rayuwa na yawan adadin kwayoyin a duniya.

Ba tare da abinci mai mutum zai iya rayuwa ga wata. Ba tare da ruwa - kwanaki uku. Ba tare da iska - kamar 'yan mintoci.

Tarihi na gudanar da bincike

Ba kowa ba ne ya sani cewa, babban bangaren da rayuwarmu - ne musamman inhomogeneous abu. Air - cakuda gas. Mene ne wannan?

Na dogon lokaci an yi tunanin cewa iska ne guda abu, amma ba a cakuda gas. A cikin jarrabawa na heterogeneity bayyana a cikin kimiyya da ayyukan masana kimiyya da dama a cikin daban-daban sau. Amma kara msar tambayar hasashe babu wanda ya koma. Kawai a cikin karni na sha takwas Scottish sunadarai Dzhozef Blek gwaje tabbatar da cewa, gas abun da ke ciki na iska ne ba uniform. A samu aka sanya a cikin shakka daga cikin na gaba-gwajen.

Modern masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa iska - gas cakuda ne kunsa na goma babban abubuwa.

A abun da ke ciki dabam dangane a kan maida hankali wuri. Tabbatas da abun da ke ciki na iska faruwa ci gaba. A wannan dogara da kiwon lafiya na mutane. Air - a cakuda da wani gas?

A mafi girma elevations (musamman a cikin duwatsu) low oxygen abun ciki. Wannan taro da aka kira "dilution iska". A cikin dazuzzuka, a akasin haka, da oxygen abun ciki na matsakaicin. A Metropolitan yankunan ƙara carbon dioxide ciki. Tabbatas da abun da ke ciki na iska - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci nauyi na muhalli da sabis.

A ina zan iya amfani da iska

• A matsa iska taro da aka yi amfani da famfo a karkashin matsin. Har zuwa goma mashaya shigar a kan wani hula cancantar tashar. Air inflated tayoyin.
• Ma'aikata amfani da guduma, pneumatic bindigogi domin saurin kau / hawa kwayoyi da kuma kusoshi. Domin irin wannan kayan aiki ne halin da low nauyi da kuma high dace.
• A masana'antu amfani varnishes, matsa iska ne amfani don hanzarta da bushewa tsari.
• Car wanke matsa iska taro taimaka a sauri bushewa motoci.
• Manufacturing shuke-shuke amfani da matsa iska domin tsabtace na kayayyakin aiki, daga dukan nau'i na gurbatawa. A cikin woodworking masana'antu haka za a iya tsabtace daga sawdust da shavings duka hangars.
• Petrochemical masana'antu ba alama babu kayan aiki ga flushing bututu kafin na farko farko.
• A samar da oxides da kuma acid.
• Don kara aiwatar da zazzabi.
• Ake cirewa daga iska , inert gas .

Me ya sa na bukatar iska zuwa halittu masu rai

Babban aiki na iska, ko kuma wajen, na daya daga cikin babban aka gyara - oxygen - to shiga cikin Kwayoyin, game da shi, ga inganta hadawan abu da iskar shaka tsari. Ta hanyar wannan jiki na'am da muhimmanci samar da makamashi ga rayuwa.

Air shiga jiki ta hanyar huhu, sa'an nan rarraba ta hanyar jiki ta hanyar jijiyoyi.

Air - wani gas cakuda?. Bari mu bincika su daki-daki.

nitrogen

Air - gas cakuda, na farko wanda yake shi ne nitrogen. Bakwai Dmitry Mendeleev lokaci-lokaci kashi tsarin. Dauke da wani majagaba Scottish sunadarai Daniel Rutherford a 1772

Kunshe a cikin sunadaran da nucleic acid na jikin mutum. Ko da yake ta rabo a cikin Kwayoyin ne bai isa a kula - ba fiye da uku bisa dari, da gas yana da muhimmanci ga al'ada aiki.

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na da iska ciki - fiye da saba'in da takwas bisa dari.

Karkashin al'ada yanayi shi ne colorless kuma odorless. Yana baya shiga mahadi tare da sauran sinadaran abubuwa.

A mafi girma yawa na nitrogen da aka yi amfani da sinadaran masana'antu, musamman a cikin yi da takin.

Nitrogen da ake amfani a cikin likita masana'antu a yi na dyes, nakiyoyi.

A cosmetology yin amfani da iskar gas zalunta kuraje, scars, warts, da thermoregulatory tsarin na jiki.

Tare da yin amfani da hada ammonia nitrogen, samar da nitric acid.

Lokacin da gas samar da man fetur da matsa lamba na nitrogen da aka samu a tsakanin yadudduka. A hakowa sabon rijiyoyin gas damar ruwa bulbule.

A karafa masana'antu, nitrogen da ake amfani a extinguishing gobara wuya. A metallurgy da coke-sinadaran masana'antu - don ƙarfafa abu da kuma inganta tsementizatsii.

A lantarki a masana'antu - domin hadawan abu da iskar shaka na semiconductors da haihuwarka.

Amfani a cikin kawar da gwajin bututun.

Liquid nitrogen da ake amfani da matsayin refrigerant. Wannan gas ne pumped jirgin sama saukowa kaya da kuma ƙafafun na al'ada motoci. A shekara-shekara nitrogen samarwa ya wuce miliyan saba'in da ton.

Gas ne yadu amfani saboda su musamman Properties da kuma zumunta cheapness.

Nitrogen kwalban - black da rawaya markings.

oxygen

Air - gas cakuda, na biyu wanda yake shi ne yawan oxygen. Takwas kashi na lokaci-lokaci tebur. A gas ne colorless kuma odorless. Opening yaba Birtaniya masanin kimiyya Joseph Priestley a 1774.

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare daukan ashirin da daya bisa dari na iska. Shi ne yanzu a cikin sel na cikin cikakkar mafi kyau na dukan abubuwa masu rai, shuke-shuke da kwayoyin.

A tushen asalin ne yanayi na duniya tamu.

Metallurgical Company tsarki oxygen da ake amfani da kau da noxious impurities a lokacin Fitar na karfe, da kuma ƙara da konewa zafin jiki.

Gas amfani for karfe waldi da gas sabon. Oxygen cylinders - blue.

A cikin jirgin sama masana'antu - kamar yadda oxidizer ga propellant.

A magani - a maganin sa barci, anti-fuka da kuma hypoxia, cuta na numfashi, decompression cuta.

A sinadaran masana'antu, oxygen da ake amfani da hadawan abu da iskar shaka na hydrocarbons a alcohols, acid, aldehydes, nitric acid samar.

Kamun kifi - oxygenation tafkunan.

Amma mafi girma darajar da gas yana zuwa talikan. Lokacin da oxygen taimakon jiki za a iya zubar (oxidize) da zama dole sunadarai, fats da kuma carbohydrates, su juya su zuwa makamashi.

argon

A gas, wani ɓangare na iska ne na uku a cikin muhimmancin - argon. Content bai wuce kashi daya. Yana da wani inert gas ba tare da launi, dandano da wari. Goma sha takwas kashi na lokaci-lokaci tsarin.

A farko ambaci dangana ga Turanci sunadarai Henry Cabendish a 1785. Sai Ubangiji ya Lerey da Uilyam Ramzay karbi Nobel Prize for hujja da wanzuwar gas da kuma abubuwan da su.

Aikace-aikace argon:

• Iskar Wutar fitilar.
• ciko da sarari tsakanin PANIN a filastik kwalaye.
• m yanayi a lokacin waldi.
• extinguishing wakili.
• ga iska tsarkakewa.
• sinadaran kira.

A jikin mutum ba ya kawo shi alhẽri mai yawa. A high gas yawa kai ga shaƙa.

Cylinders da argon launin toka, ko baki.

Sauran bakwai abubuwa sa up 0.03% a cikin iska.

carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide a cikin iska abun da ke ciki shi ne colorless kuma odorless.

An kafa ta lalace ko kona kwayoyin kayan saki a lokacin numfasawa da motoci da sauran motocin.

Jikin mutum da aka kafa a cikin nama saboda m matakai da kuma canjawa wuri zuwa venous tsarin da huhu.

Yana da wani m darajar, tun a lodi yana faɗaɗa capillaries da damar mafi girma shari abubuwa. A tabbatacce sakamako a kan myocardium. Qara mita da kuma aza ikon. Yana amfani a lokacin hypoxia gyara. Yana taka rawa a cikin tsari na numfasawa.

A masana'antu, da carbon dioxide samar daga konewa gas a matsayin ta gas ko sunadarai matakai domin iska rabuwa.

A aikace-aikace ne mai fadi da:

• mai hana aifuwa na maza a masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci.
• abin sha carbonation.
• wuta extinguishers da wuta extinguishing tsarin.
• hadi da ruwa shuke-shuke.
• m yanayi a lokacin waldi.
• harsashi don amfani a gas makami.
• refrigerant.

Neon

Air - gas cakuda, na biyar na abin da yake Neon. Yana da aka bude da yawa daga baya - a 1898. Sunan fassara daga Girkanci matsayin "sabon".

Monatomic gas wanda shi ne colorless kuma odorless.

Yana yana high lantarki watsin. Yana yana da cikakken lantarki harsashi. Inert.

Gas samu ta hanyar rabuwa da iska.

Application:

• Inerted a masana'antu.
• A refrigerant a cryogenic shuke-shuke.
• Filler sallama fitilu. An yadu amfani da godiya zuwa talla. Mai launin] aukar yi ta Neon. By wucewa wani lantarki sallama fitilu ba wani m launi haske.
• Signal haska a kan lighthouses da kuma hadahada. Mun yi aiki da kyau tare da nauyi hazo.
• Sinadarin iska cakuda for mutane aiki tare da babban matsin.

helium

Helium - monatomic gas ne colorless kuma odorless.

Application:

• Kamar Neon, a lokacin da wani lantarki sallama bada haske.
• A masana'antu - don cire impurities daga smelting na karfe.
• Refrigerant.
• Ciko da airships da balloons.
• Partially a gaurayawan for numfashi a lokacin zurfin dives.
• Heat canja wurin matsakaici a nukiliya nukiliya.
• Home Yara yardar - tashi balloons.

musamman amfani ba ga rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. A high yawa zai iya sa guba.

methane

Air - gas cakuda, na bakwai na wanda methane. A gas ne colorless kuma odorless. A high yawa ne m. Saboda haka, domin nuna shi ne kara odorants.

Mafi sau da yawa amfani da matsayin da man fetur da kuma albarkatun kasa a cikin kwayoyin kira.

Household dafuwa, boilers, gas ruwa heaters aiki principally methane.

Samfurin kwayoyin.

krypton

Krypton - monatomic inert gas ne colorless kuma odorless.

Application:

• a yi na lasers.
• oxidizer propellant.
• ciko Lagwani fitilu.

A sakamako a kan mutum kwayoyin da aka yi karatu kadan. Karatu aikace-aikace a tẽku mai zurfi, ruwa.

hydrogen

Hydrogen - colorless, flammable gas.

Application:

• Chemistry - samar da ammonia, soaps, robobi.
• Ciko siffar zobe bawo a meteorology.
• Propellants.
• Sanyaya wutar lantarki janareto.

xenon

Xenon - monohydric colorless iskar gas.

Application:

• cika Lagwani fitilu.
• injuna a kumbon sama jannati.
• kamar yadda maganin sa barci.

Ga jikin mutum shi ne m. Special amfani ba.