Siberian Khan Kuchum: biography, a zamanin mulkin

A 1563, bayan wani dogon da jini yaki a cikin sararin yankuna kwance tsakanin babban Siberian kogin Irtysh da aikin gandu na Tobol, ya kafa ikonsa Khan Kuchum - kai tsaye magaji irin Genghis Khan da kuma wanda zai gaje shi m siyasa. Khan sojojin, wanda kunshi Kazakhs, Uzbeks da Nogai, firgita da mazaunan ƙasar daga ƙasarsu, to wanda ya biya hadama idanu.

Fara kamawa Siberian asashe

Kuchum Khan, wanda biography kunshe a kanta, ban da tarihi facts, aukuwa haifar da Legends, a da dama folded game da wannan, a cikin nasu m da kuma rarrabe hali zai har abada zama a cikin tarihi na Siberia. Duk da haka, ya farkon shekaru kadan ne a san. Ma'anar rikodin tarihin bayar da rahoton kawai cewa ya aka haife shi a shekara 1510-1520 a kan tudu na Aral Sea, a cikin gundumar, ta haifa da sunan Alti-Aul. Annals "A shan Siberian Land", hada Savvoy Esipovym a karshen na XVI karni, ya ce cewa shi yana kan Karakalpakiya kasa.

Don zama maigida na sararin Siberian yankin, Khan Kuchum jagoranci teams hada da na gida kabilan batun shi, ya fara a 1555, soja mataki a kan Khan Edigera ba dama ya shirya a ƙasar m zuwa Irtysh. A wannan da ya taimaka da dan uwansa, mai mulkin Buhari, Abdullah Khan II. Wannan baƙo sawa a Siberia kama su tattalin arziki da siyasa da bukatun, kazalika da Khan Kuchum. Hotuna gabatar a cikin labarin, ba wani tunani na musamman da suka bambanta da Siberian yankin, inda mataki wãtsa mai zuwa tarihi wasan kwaikwayo.

Tunbuke Khan Edigera

Wannan yaki, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ya ƙare a 1563 nasara Kuchum Khan, wanda ya dauki iko da sararin ƙasa, kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kabilan barabintsev, Hirarraki da kuma Ostyaks zaune tare da bankunan na Irtysh. Tun daga nan, ya na sirri arziki ya fara girma tare da m gudun, a matsayin nasara mutanen da aka tilasta ta a kai a kai biya haraji - wani haraji a cikin nau'i na m Jawo Jawo-qazanta dabbobi.

Kamar yadda Khan Kuchum ya Jenghiz Khan, sa'an nan kishi sa ya kāre shi al'ada, da kuma, shan birnin Kashlyk - babban birnin kasar Khan Edigera, ya fara da cewa ya kashe da karshen tare da sibling Bedbulatom, ramuwar haka ga mutuwa kakansa, wanda ya mutu a 'yan shekarun baya ta hannayensu. Rayuwa ya kiyaye kawai dan Edigera - Seydyaku, amma kawai domin, ya ɗaure shi da sarƙoƙi, ya aika zuwa ga Buhari a matsayin kyauta zuwa Abdullah Khan domin taimakon soji.

Ƙoƙari Addinin Musulunci Siberian mutãnensu

A nasa batun yankunan Kuchum Khan ne na Musulmi mai ibada, na farko na dukkan kula da rayukan sabon vassals, amma aikata shi a cikin irin wannan sananne a halin yanzu da hadisai na m Musulunci - da wuta da takobi. Amma taiga mazauna tarihi kafe da suka gaskata, kuma shaman kasance a gare su kusa fiye da Mullah.

Ba tare da nishadantarwa da su a cikin tauhidin muhawara, Kuchum kawai yanke kawunansu, da suka yi musamman tenacity. All sauran kayan abinci na dokar Mahomet kaciya yi ko dai aikin ko da karfi. Shi ne mai manufa da cewa zai ci gaba da bi tsananin zuwa Siberian Khan Kuchum. Photos of arna haikalin na Siberia za a iya gani a cikin wannan labarin.

Tarzoma tsakanin gida kabilan

Irin wannan tilasta Kaddamar da Musulunci ya sa da yawa tawayen daga cikin nasara, kuma da jũna sun zo ne sharuddan da halin da ake ciki na yawan jama'a. The girma na juriya dauki irin wannan fadi da sikelin cewa Kuchum Khan aka tilasta nemi taimako daga ubansa - Murtaza. Duk da haka, in aika da su reinforcements ya bai isa ba, da kuma kawai tare da taimakon sojojin doki na wannan zumunta Buhari, Abdullah Khan II ya iya jimre kangararrun.

Bayan da dakarun zo daga Buhari zuwa Siberia da yawa Musulunci wa'azi, yana nufin sabon, ĩmãnin waɗanda suka kare karfe yataghans. Irin wannan mai kuzari ayyuka sun yi sakamakon, amma amma duk da haka, ko da bayan mutuwar Khan mazauna Siberia a cikin Mafiya yawa sun arna.

Sarki Siberian Khanate

A farkon shekaru na mulkin Khan Kuchum ya sanya kowane kokarin fadada da kamfanoni da kuma} arfafa kafa hãlãyensu. A wannan ya ya iya cimma qasashen nasara. Ba da da ewa, ban da Tatars da Kipchaks, mun kasance karkashin iko da Bashkir da Khanty-Mansi kabilu. Free farko al'ummai kai da iko Siberian Khanate, kara arewa zuwa bankunan na Likitan mata River zuwa yamma - to da Urals, kuma a kudu da Baraba steppe. Kuma duk zai zama da kyau, idan ba domin haraji cewa ya aka zamar masa dole ya biya zuwa Rasha Tsar.

Han Kuchum wani kai tsaye Jenghiz Khan, wanda ya ci da yaki rabin duniya a baya sau, da kuma yadda nake alfaharin fa zuciyarsa, a lõkacin da ya yi a shekara aika da wata tawagar zuwa Moscow da dubbai daga cikin mafi muhimmanci Sable pelts. Kuma idan taskar Khan ya iya jure wa irin wannan haraji, da rai - ba. A karshe suppressed Aljihuna da juriya a kan ƙasashe karkashin iko, Kuchum ba wai ya ki biya haraji ga Rasha ta wuri, amma kuma son su hada a Khanate na yankuna na zuwa gare shi.

Kuchum Khan da kuma Ermak Timofeevich

A farko abu da ya ta'adi, sai ya zaɓi Perm. Wannan tsokani wani tawaye Nogai Tatars, wadanda suka yi kokarin yi amfani da halin da ake ciki to balle daga Rasha jihar. Bayan da cewa Khan ya dauka a yawan yunkurin kama mafi Rasha birane, amma waɗanda navlok fushin Ivana Groznogo, wanda nan da nan ya aiko don ta danniya na Cossacks jagorancin almara Ermak Timofeevich.

Daya kawai karo karkashin Chuvash dutsen, wanda ya faru Oktoba 12, 1581, sojojin sun iya ba Khan Kuchum Cossacks juriya da kuma tare da harin. Amma wata daya daga bisani suka gaba daya karye, sai sojoji, kiyaye a cikin biyayya yawan Siberia, suka gudu. A ƙofar zuwa cikin babban birnin kasar na Khanate - City Isker - Ermak bai hadu da wani juriya. Yaqi tare da shi, kare musamman sababbin kuma kowa da kowa ya ƙi Khan ne kawai babu daya.

A dalilai na soja magabaci daga cikin Cossacks

Wannan gwada da sauki nasara, bisa ga tarihi, saboda dalilai da dama. Da farko, ya kamata a lura da cewa Khan Kuchum ya shugabanci wata runduna na wakilan daban-daban al'ummai, da alaqa da bã addini kuma al'adu dangantaka, kuma sau da yawa maƙiya a gare juna.

Yana taka rawar gani, da kuma cin amana na gida warlords, wanda ya dauke shi m zuwa Moscow biya haraji wa sarki fiye da waje khan dogara kuma a kan goyon bayan da Bukharian sojojin. Bugu da kari, ya farga da cewa mai yiwuwa da ganima tare da samun hukunci Rasha birni juya a kira su unattainable, su nan da nan zuwa ga gefen cikin Cossacks.

A karshe, dole ne mu manta cewa rabin-tashina waɗansu mugayen taro khan ya magance wata da tsari sosai, halartar fama horo na yau da kullum Cossack raka'a da a kawo musu kayan wani firearm, shi ne cikakken ba da aka sani sa'an nan a cikin Siberian jeji. Wadannan al'amura a yarda da detachment na Ermak, akwai m fiye da dubu mutane a cikin wani gajeren lokaci zuwa kashe da juriya da makiya, ƙwarai fi gaban shi da karfi na lambobin.

A sabon mataki na ci na Siberian Khanate

Amma da arzikinsu na yaki, kamar yadda muka sani, shi ne m da kuma sauki nasara sau da yawa wahayi ba dole ba girman kai. Takaici, da suka rasa dukan sojojinsa, da kuma kawai tsere suka gudu Kuchum Khan dauki tsari a cikin Ishim matakan mikewa zuwa kudancin West Siberian Bayyana. Akwai ya ya iya tattara warwatse ko'ina cikin steppe sojoji da kuma 'yan kasashen waje, alamar su yi wani mai arziki ganima, karba a kan fama Cossacks a kan ƙungiyoyi ruwaito da yan unguwa zuwa gare shi. Ba da da ewa, ta amfani da ya dace lokacin, Kuchum farmaki su da kuma gudanar har yanzu lashe.

A labarai na gazawar da soja isa Moscow da kuma sanya Ivana Groznogo aika zuwa Urals reinforcements jagorancin biyu gogaggen gwamnonin - Vasily da kuma Ivan karya nama. A shekara daga baya, tare da wani detachment na maharba na shiga gare su, kuma Daniel Chulkov. Hakika, shi ne ya yanke shawarar da sakamako na harka da hana Khan fatan fansa. Tun wannan lokacin, ta soja aiki an rage wa kawai foray, ba ko da yaushe, duk da haka, da suka yi nasara sakamako a gare shi.

Shan kashi da kuma jirgin Khan Kuchum

Saboda haka, a watan Yuli 1591, bayan da daya daga cikin hare-hare, da sansanin khan Ishim River aka kewaye, kuma nan da nan ya kama maharba a karkashin umurnin Prince Vladimir Koltsov-Mosalsk. Kuchum kansa sake gudu, da barin cin nasara a matsayin ganima daga matansa biyu da ɗansa Abdul-Khair. Bayan shekaru uku, a irin wannan halin da ake ciki a tsibirin Black, located in na sama kai na da Irtysh. Akwai, a cikin bege na gudun hijira daga sarki dakarun, Tartars garin da aka kafa. Bayan da hari, yunkurin detachment Eletski Prince Andrew, ya aka dauka, da kuma sake Khan Kuchum bace, barin ganima musketeers.

Sane da cewa aikin banza ne m gwagwarmaya, a 1597 Kuchum miƙa yi zaman lafiya. Ya dauki wajibi don dakatar da hare-hare, amma ga shi bukaci dawo da fursunoni da kama wa dukiyarsa. A mayar da martani samu ta hanyar shi daga Moscow, ya ce cewa duniya mai yiwuwa ne kawai idan ya tafi zuwa sabis na Rasha Tsar. Amma kamar yadda na zuriyar Genghis Khan shi ne unacceptable Kuchum ƙi, kuma ya fara tara ƙarfi domin wani sabon duka.

A karshe shekaru na rayuwar Khan Kuchum

Tun wannan lokacin, da Moscow hukumomi, gamsu da rashin yiwuwar to cimma yarjejeniya tare da Khan, shan mafi aiki da matakan don a hallaka shi. A watan Agusta 1598, yarima Koltsov Mosalsk sarrafa to hadari da encampment a Irmen Khan River. An sani cewa, a wurin yaƙi kashe ɗansa, da ɗan'uwana, kuma biyu jikoki Khan, amma shi da kansa gudanar ya tsere sake. Maharba ya ci da yaƙi da yawa daraja kãmammu wanda aka aiko farko a Tobolsk, sa'an nan a cikin Moscow, inda, a kan lokaci na nasara godiya sabis da aka gudanar.

Yana daga baya aka yi wani yunkurin shawo Khan zuwa Rasha sabis, amma shi bai yi nasara ba. Don wannan karshen, a watan Oktoba 1598 Gwamnan Prince Voeikov a kan umarni hau kan karaga a lokacin Borisa Godunova aika zuwa Kuchum amintacce mutum, amma kuma aka ƙi. Yana da aka ba wani rabo, kuma ya bi bayan da aiki, da manufar wanda ya kama Khan, ta amfani da bayanai samu daga gida mazauna.

Mutuwa da yake a ɓõye daga gare mu ta hanyar tarihi

Mutuwarsa a 1601, kewaye da wannan rashin tabbas kamar yadda haihuwa. Akwai sosai ta husũma rahotanni game da yanayi a karkashin abin Khan ƙare da ransa Kuchum. Tarihinsa ne kika aika wani wuri a cikin sararin matakan sanaki Semi-nomadic kabilu. Daga wasu kafofin mu iya cewa shi ne kusa da shi a Karakalpak jini, amma cewa tsokani su kashe da zarar iko dukka, da kuma lokacin duk m, kuma watsi Khan - shi ne ba a sani ba.

Siberian Khan Kuchum, a lokacin wanda sarautar (1563-1568) ya zo daidai da lokacin da mamaye na Siberia da kuma ci gaban da Rasha explorers, ya zama wani ɓangare na tarihin mu. Ya shiga ta, tare da 'ya'yansa da Ablaykerimom Kira bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa wanda kokarin da' yan wasu shekarun da suka gabata ya riƙe da iko a hannuwansu a gefen taiga kuma, kamar shi, tilasta cede cewa dama ga Rasha Tsar.

shugaban iyali na Siberian Khanate

A ƙarshe, 'yan kalmomi game da wani iyali mai rai a cikin wani yanayi inda Khan Kuchum. Biography, kabila, siyasa da al'amurran da kuma matakai na soja hanya - cewa bayanai, wanda da farko tã mu da hankali don a lokacin da la'akari da wannan, ko da cewa tarihi adadi. Duk da haka, za su zama bai cika ba idan ba ka yi la'akari a kusa da ita masõyansa.

Family Khan Kuchum ne Mafi m tare da matsayi. A kan wani rayuwa, dole ne ya goma sha matansu (da ƙwaraƙwarai, bayi ba count), mafi yawan abin da yake na daraja haihuwa. Sun haifi 'ya'ya mata da tara da kuma goma sha bakwai da' ya'ya maza, kuma taka rawar gani a cikin tarihi na wannan zamanin d nomadic mutane. Legends game da wannan Kuchumov Khan, nasara na Siberia, tsira zãmunna tsira da halittawa.