Siliki Manufacturing: Past da kuma Present

Rigingimu game da lokacin da siliki samar da tsari da aka fara, ci gaba da zuwa wannan rana. Duk da haka, archaeological sami a kasar Sin ya, a gaskiya, na iya kawo ƙarshen sa da wannan al'amari - nama, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa, ya gano a shekarar 1958 a lardin Shandong, a gabashin kasar Sin, shi ne duniya ta mafi tsufa suke dashi siliki kaya. Yanzu siliki da aka kira "Sarkin nama" da kuma sanya shi a cikin wani iri-iri iri, da kuma mafi muhimmanci da kuma tsada - wata halitta abu, aka inextricably nasaba da tarihi da al'adun da Celestial Empire.

Legend na sarki matar

Silk samar a kasar Sin yana da fiye da 6000 da shekaru. A tarihin wannan gagarumin masana'anta rufe Legends. A cewar daya daga cikinsu, da matar da Yellow Sarkin sarakuna Huang Di yana zaune a karkashin wani Mulberry itacen da kuma shan shayi a lokacin da ta kofin saukar da fari ball - rafta. The mace kaunace ya kalla da daban-daban da zantuttukan da suka ga wani ball na Fluffy sĩlĩli fari ya bayyana robust. Wind da zare a kan yatsa, da sarki matar gane cewa, irin wannan zaruruwa za a iya amfani da su haifar da wata masana'anta. Kamar yadda ta fara girma silkworms umarni musamman.

Daga baya, kasar Sin da aka kirkiro ta hanyar m loom, bayan da samar da siliki a zamanin d Sin a zamanin da Shang daular a XVI karni BC. e. Yana isa matakin qarshe ba.

Karkashin zafi na mutuwa: asirin samar da Sin masaƙa

Sin Masters ya art kiyaye a asirce domin fiye da shekara dubu. Asiri na siliki samarwa a cikin tarihin duniya an kiyaye sosai tsananin - a tarihin 'yan adam, shi ne daya daga cikin mafi kare "kasuwanci ta asĩri." A ban a kan fitarwa na silkworm larvae, cocoons, Mulberry tsaba yi a karkashin hukuncin kisa.

Ko da yake a cikin waɗannan kwanaki muna da dama dress a cikin siliki gowns kawai sarakuna da sanin al'adun sericulture da filature sauri bazu ko'ina kasar Sin, da kuma zane saye da wakilan tsakiyar aji da matalauta.

Fine masana'anta kuma da tufafin da aka sani na da kyau kwarai inganci da lafiya aiki. Amma babu tsoron da, babu azãba ba dakatar da gaba da siliki zuwa wasu kasashen.

The Great Silk Road

Silk kayayyakin sun zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na kasashen waje cinikayya na Sin Empire. M zane da aka kawo Turai ta hanyar siliki. Kaya hawa ta hanyar da duwãtsu, kuma Hamada, da raƙuma, da alfadarai, da babu cikas ba dakatar da nauyi Laden tafiyar - m kaya wa'adi, wa'adi mai babba riba.

The Great Silk Road, sun shige ta Asiya da Turai, haxe da rayuka da rayuwa na jama'a daban-daban. Yana fara a cikin Yellow River Valley, ta hanyar wucewa yammacin ɓangare na Great Wall of China da Issyk-Kul Lake. Next, tafarkin cokula masu yatsotsi a arewa da kuma kudu: kudu hanya kai ga Ferghana, Samarkand, Iraži, Iran, Syria da kuma Bahar Rum, da kuma arewacin diverged cikin biyu sassan - daya tafi Asiya ta tsakiya, da kuma na biyu a kan ƙananan kai na da Syr Darya River a West Kazakhstan da, skirting da arewa-maso-gabas da tekun Black Sea zuwa Turai. A total tsawon na Great Silk Road ya fiye da 7000 kilomita.

Tun da siliki samar bayyana a Korea, sa'an nan a Japan, India, da kuma, a karshe, a cikin kasashen Turai da kuma Roman Empire. Don ƙarni, da Silk Road wani real ra'ayin na kasuwancin duniya a mataki. Ciniki hanyoyi na Silk Road halitta su na shekaru dubbai. "Daya bel, daya hanya" - da ra'ayin ne na zamani da kuma a wannan lokacin: a cikin XXI karni rãyar da kasar Sin ta siyasa to revitalize da Silk Road tare da zuba jari a hanyoyi, high-gudun dogo da kuma tashoshin jiragen ruwa, wadda tabbatar da yadda ya dace da samar da sansanonin a fadi yankin zone.

A kan hanyar siliki za a iya samu a cikin duniya, most siliki gidan kayan gargajiya a birnin Hangzhou. Ya ƙunshi mai girma yawan musamman kayayyakin da, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa tsoho dauloli webs da kuma daban-daban shekaru daban-daban.

Features siliki samarwa

Ko da yake samar da siliki a zamanin d Sin da aka tsananin classified, bisa labari, da Roman sufaye gudanar da sumoga silkworm cocoons a babban birnin kasar na Byzantine Empire, Konstantinoful. An tun halshen a mallaka Palace cocoonery (dakin kiwo larvae na silkworm) da kuma kafa winders. Products sun shahararre farashin - kuma wannan shi ne saboda haduwar da Multi-mataki aiwatar da samar da filaments sa'an nan ƙãre masana'anta.

Kiwo na silkworms da siliki samar na bukatar mai yawa da hankali, na aiki da kuma mai da hankali saka idanu.

Babban matakai na samar da

Idan muka bayyana samar da siliki takaice, zai yi da wadannan tsari. Butterfly silkworm lokacin rayuwarsu, wanda yana daga 4 zuwa 6 days, sa game da 500 qwai. Larvae ciyar da Mulberry ganye, suna da wata babbar ci, su nauyi qara hanzari. Dannawa matafila larvae kewaye da kansu tare da wani abu wanda aka samar da su musamman gland. Da farko ne biyu na bakin ciki silky, solidifying a cikin iska. Jimawa a kusa da waƙoƙi kafa m filament cibiyar sadarwa. Erecting wani firam na rafta, da matafila motsa a cikin hedkwatarsu da hankali ya samar da wata rafta - fari Fluffy ball.

Bayan 8-9 kwanaki, da larvae cinye kuma cocoons tsoma a ruwan zafi don samun tufka. Su tsawon iya zama daga 400 zuwa 1000 mita da kuma kauri daga 10-12 microns. Da dama Twisted strands na silkworm - shi raw. Next, sakamakon yarn ne tuba zuwa cikin masana'anta. A ganewar da samun nama ne muhimmi: mace riga game da daukan 630 cocoons.

Kara raya Sin da fasaha

A sakamakon yarn da za a rauni a kan wani spool. Shelkokrutilnye farko ƙirƙira da dabaran ko a lokacin daular Ming. A cikin XVIII karni a Jiangsu Masters samar da inji, a cikin abin da ƙafafun suna kore saukar, haka ne kara yawan aiki.

Sa'an nan da na'ura na yi na Multi masu launin masana'anta krupnouzornoy aka halitta, wanda ya kara raya fasahar. Sin siliki kama kifi da yawa fiye da aikata Turai - na farko na'ura, tkavshy siliki qwarai, ya bayyana a Jamus kawai a cikin XVI karni. Da bukatar da siliki yadudduka girma duka biyu cikin kasar Sin da kuma duniya. Ci gaba da inganta siliki samar mechanization - tarihin wannan masana'anta shi ne interwoven da nasarorin da yadi aikin injiniya.

Filature da kuma sakar: Past da kuma Present

A lokacin da masana'antu na XIX karni akwai raguwar a Turai siliki masana'antu. Na biyu "siliki daular" bayan da kasar Sin ya zama Japan. Cheap Japan siliki, musamman godiya ga bude Suez Canal, ya kasance daya daga da yawa abubuwan rage jimlar kudin da shi. Bugu da kari, fitowan na roba zaruruwa ya zo mamaye a cikin yi da kayayyakin kamar safa da parachutes.

Biyu a duniya yaƙe-yaƙe katse da wadata da albarkatun kasa daga Japan da Turai siliki masana'antu shi ne a tsaya cak. Amma a farkon 50-ies na XX karni a Japan, siliki samar aka mayar, inganta ingancin da albarkatun kasa. Japan, tare da kasar Sin zauna da daya daga cikin duniya ta manyan kera na raw siliki, da kuma kusan kadai babbar m zuwa 1970s.

China ne a hankali rethought da wuri kamar yadda shugaban duniya a samar da siliki da kuma m na raw yarn, tabbatar da cewa tarihi na siliki haka ka'idojinta boomerang. Yau samar game da 125 dubu ton na siliki a duniya. Kusan kashi biyu cikin uku na samar da ake tsĩrar da su kasar Sin. Sauran manyan kera - India, Japan, Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, Uzbekistan da kuma Brazil. The United States shi ne mafi girma da kaya na siliki kayayyakin.

A Properties na halitta masana'anta

Articles sanya na halitta siliki ya zama m da kuma taushi, da kuma launi - uniform. Mafi wuri saya siliki a kasar Sin - a Suzhou da Hangzhou da kuma Shanghai worldwide enterprising kasuwa tsara siliki yawon shakatawa zuwa wannan kasa.

Sayen kayayyakin sanya na halitta siliki, ya kamata a yi la'akari:

• siliki kayayyakin bukatar hannunka-wanka.
• stains a kan siliki kayayyakin bukatar sauri iri na a cikin ruwan sanyi da m abu don wanka.
• bayan wanka dole ne sosai rinsing da m bushewa kayayyakin.
• baƙin ƙarfe tufafi sanya daga siliki ya zama a wata low zazzabi (shi ne alama musamman a kan mari).
• mai ladabi kayayyakin ko da ciwon launi buga ne mafi alhẽri a ba bushe cleaners.
• Ci gaba da samfurin a cikin mafi kyau idan (ba roba) da kuma daga hasken rana kai tsaye.

Yarda da wadannan sauki tips zai taimake har abada tsare mai haske zato tufafi abubuwa da kuma abubuwa bayar da ta yanayi.

Rayon: siffofin da kuma bambance-bambance

A ƙarshen XIX karni, na farko ya bayyana wucin gadi siliki, ta yi an gyara daga cellulose fiber. . A masana'anta da aka kira viscose.

Wucin gadi da kuma roba iri siliki yadudduka da musamman luster, su ne santsi da kuma m. Yadda za a bambanta halitta daga wucin gadi nama? Popular sau da yawa da kasuwar iya saya karya ne a wani babban price.

Ga wasu dubaru a kan abin da ya nemi a lokacin da zabar wani masana'anta:

• halitta abu m ga tabawa da dumi, sabanin wucin gadi, mai sanyaya da kasa da taushi.
• halitta masana'anta kadan rumpled, crumpled wucin gadi karfi.
• halitta nama m haskaka da shimmer, wucin gadi - da kaifi luster.
• ragged karshen wucin gadi filament kamar goga wa fluff zaruruwa, da na halitta - a dam na mutum mini-zaruruwa.
• rigar filament rayon karya mafi saukin fiye da bushe.
• Hanyar kona filament ba zai iya ko da yaushe tambaya, amma shi ne ya fi dogara: Halitta thread aka sintered cikin wani m wasu itatuwa, na wucewa da wari na kona gashi kuma wucin gadi konewa saukar zuwa karshen, yin wari na kona synthetics.
• Artificial yanar gizo ba ji ƙyama, sabanin halitta.
• rayon kusan Fade a rana, da kuma da na halitta nama a kan lokaci, rasa launi da Fade.

Silk za a iya kira na musamman da samfurin abin da ya zo mana daga zamanin da, ba tare da rasa da kyakkyawa da dacewar. Fashion gidaje a kusa da duniya - Dolce & Gabbana, Valentino da wasu haifar da tarin dangane da halitta siliki, delighting da nagartaccen connoisseurs na gaskiya kyakkyawa sabon fuskoki dabam-dabam na ingancin littattafai - kyauta yanayi ga mutum-master.