Sistem sakulasan ne sistem na earthworm: description, tsari da kuma siffofin

Annelid tsutsotsi - kusan mafi girma a jinsunan mafi girma dabbobi, free-rai a cikin ƙasa, teku, da kuma sabo ne ruwa. Wannan irin tsutsa yana da wani hadadden kungiya fiye da roundworms ko lebur.

A tsutsotsi jinsunan ringed karo na farko ya bayyana sakandare rami, sosai shirya jinin samar tsarin da juyayi tsarin.

Earthworm: tsarin

A gicciye-sashe a ma madauwari jiki. A talakawan tsawon - game da 30 cm da aka raba 150-180 segments, ko segments .. Belt, wanda yake a cikin gaban uku na jiki, ya yi aikin da aiki a cikin tsawon jima'i aiki (earthworm - hermaphrodite). A tarnaƙi daga cikin segments ne hudu da kyau-raya kananan wuya bristles. Su taimaka wa hijirar na tsutsa ta jiki a cikin ƙasa.

Launi m ruwan kasa maraƙi, da kuma a kan ciki kadan wuta fiye da baya.

halitta larura

Sistem sakulasan ne sistem a dukan dabbobi, tun vtorichnopolostnyh annelids. Yana da aka kafa saboda karuwa da rai aiki (kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da, misali, flatworms). Rayuwa ne a akai motsi na bukatar a barga ƙwazo murdede aikin, wanda a bi sa bukatar kara da Kwayoyin kawota tare da oxygen da kuma gina jiki, wanda zai iya tsĩrar da kawai jini.

Mene ne jijiyoyi da earthworm? The biyu main arteries - da baya da kuma a cikin ciki. A kowane sashi tsakanin arteries gwada looped tasoshin. Daga cikin wadannan, wasu dan kadan thickened da kuma rufe da tsoka nama. A waɗannan kwanoni, ya yi aikin na zuciya, tsoka, sabon, turawa da jini a cikin ciki jijiya. Zobe "zuciya" kai da kashin baya jijiya da musamman bawuloli cewa ba su bayar da jini ya kwarara a cikin daidai ba shugabanci je. All tasoshin kasu kashi babban cibiyar sadarwa daga cikin mafi kyau capillaries. Oxygen a su zo daga iska da kuma daga hanjinsu sha na gina jiki. Capillaries abin da suke a tsoka nama, ba carbon dioxide da kuma kayayyakin da bazuwar.

Sistem sakulasan tsarin earthworm rufe, kamar yadda a kan lokaci na motsi ba tare da Mix da ruwa rami. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu karu sosai da kudi na metabolism. Animals cewa ba su da jini famfo tsarin, zafi da ke ƙasa sau biyu.

Sistem sakulasan ne sistem na earthworm

Gina jiki da cewa a lokacin da sucked hanji tsutsa motsi, rarraba ta hanyar jijiyoyi ne da kafa.

Its makirci ne da wuya isa ga wannan irin dabba. Sama da kuma a kasa da hanjinsu tare da dukan jiki ne tasoshin. A jirgin ruwa da aka wucewa a baya, sanye take da tsokoki. Ta, ƙunci kuma mikewa, undulating Firaministan jini daga baya zuwa gaban na jiki. A gaban segments (a cikin wasu jinsunan da tsutsotsi ne 7-11, y sauran - 7-13) wani jirgin ruwa tafiya a kan baya, an bayar da rahoton da dama nau'i-nau'i daga receptacles mikawa mai gangara zuwa cikin manyan (yawanci 5-7). Sistem sakulasan ne sistem na earthworm waɗannan kwanoni simulates zukata. Tsokoki sun ɓullo da muhimmanci da karfi fiye da sauran, don haka su ne shugaban dukan tsarin.

aikin siffofin

The aiki na jijiyoyi na earthworm ne kama da ayyuka na hemodynamics vertabrate. Jini yana fitowa daga cikin zuciya, da dama a cikin matabbata dake a cikin kogon ciki. Yana da wani motsi zuwa ga raya karshen tsutsa Kwayoyin. A kan ta hanyar wannan jini daukawa gina jiki a cikin karami tasoshin, located a cikin ganuwar Kwayoyin. A mafarki, da jini gudana da al'aurar.

A tsarin da jijiyoyi na earthworm ne da kayayyakin a cikin kowane sashen motsi a cikin karami capillaries. Jini daga wadannan gudana a cikin tasoshin zubar a fadin babban, daga abin da jini gudana a cikin dorsal jijiya. Tsokoki ne a duk jini, har ma da karami. Wannan damar jini to ba stagnate, musamman a cikin periphery daga jinin samar tsarin na da irin wannan annelid.

hanjinsu

A wannan bangare na jikin tsutsa ne musamman m capillary plexus. Suka ze entangle hanji. Sashe na daga cikin capillaries kawo gina jiki, da sauran kashi daukawa su a ko'ina cikin jiki. Tsokoki na jini kewaye da hanji da wannan nau'in na annelid, ba kamar yadda karfi da dorsal jirgin ruwa ko zuciya.

jini abun da ke ciki

Sistem sakulasan ne sistem na earthworm a kan wani gleam ja. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da dũkiyõyinsu a cikin jini ne irin wannan a cikin sinadaran tsarin to haemoglobin, da jini shiga abun da ke ciki na vertabrate. Bambanci ta'allaka da cewa wadannan abubuwa da ake samu a jini (da ruwa kashi na jini abun da ke ciki) a cikin bayani da kuma ba a jini Kwayoyin. The sosai jini na earthworm - ne Kwayoyin ba tare da launi, da dama iri. Su suna da fasali kama da colorless Kwayoyin cewa yin up jinin vertabrate.

Shari oxygen Kwayoyin

Sel oxygen vertebrate numfashi canjawa wuri daga haemoglobin. Jini tsutsotsi abu irin wannan a cikin abun da ke ciki, kuma ya zo da oxygen zuwa duk Kwayoyin na jiki. Iyakar abin da bambanci shi ne cewa tsutsotsi numfashi ba. Suka "sha taba" da "exhale" na jiki surface.

A bakin ciki m film (cuticle) na fata da kuma epithelia na tsutsa da high fata capillary cibiyar sadarwa tabbatar kyau sha na oxygen daga iska. Capillary gizogizo ne don haka babban abin da akwai ko da a cikin epithelium. Saboda haka, jini tafiya ta cikin jiki tasoshin The bango da kuma mai gangara tasoshin a babban tashar na kara, saboda haka cewa dukan jiki da aka wadãtar da oxygen. The m ya dafa na jiki na wannan nau'in ringed ba shi girma capillary bango cibiyar sadarwa.

Ga dole ne mu lura da cewa wani bakin ciki fim da yake rufe jikin earthworm (cuticle), aka sosai sauƙi moistened. Saboda haka, oxygen an narkar da farko a cikin ruwa saukad, wanda aka gudanar cutaneous epithelium. Daga wannan shi ya bi cewa fata kamata ko da yaushe a m. Saboda haka, ya bayyana cewa da zafi na yanayi - wani muhimmin sharaɗi ne ga rayuwar wadannan dabbobi.

Koda 'yar bushewa da fata daina numfashi. Domin da jijiyoyi da wani earthworm ba ya kawo oxygen Kwayoyin. Ba sosai dogon shi zai iya tsira a irin wannan yanayi, yin amfani da m ruwa kayayyaki. Agaji gland located a cikin fata. Lokacin da halin da ake ciki ya zama gaske m earthworm fara jefa rami ruwa, sassan vybryzgivaya shi daga sa'an nan kuma sanya a baya.

Kuma kayan hanji da juyayi tsarin

earthworm narkewa kamar tsarin kunshi wani foregut, tsakiya da kuma raya. Saboda bukatar zuwa rayuwa a mafi aiki tsarin narkewa kamar na earthworm shi ya tafi hanyar da dama matakai na kyautata. A narkewa kamar fili ya bayyana sassan, kowanne daga abin da aka gyarawa takamaiman aiki.

Babban jiki na tsarin - hanji tube. An kasu kashi na baka rami, pharynx, esophagus, ciki (murdede jiki), a tsakiyar da kuma raya hanji, dubura.

A cikin esophagus da makogwaro gland fita ducts da cewa suna da wani tasiri a kan turawa abinci. A midgut abinci da aka sarrafa chemically da kuma samfurori da narkewa suna tunawa a cikin jini. Sharan fitar ta hanyar dubura.

Dukan tsawon na maraƙi tsutsa daga peritoneum wuce jijiya igiyar. Saboda haka, kowane sashi na da ci gaban da juyayi lumps. A gaban da jijiya igiyar ne annular gada kunsha na biyu alaka nodes. An kira peripharyngeal jijiya zobe. Yana diverges daga wani cibiyar sadarwa na jijiya endings duk kan jiki.

Narkewa kamar, Sistem da kuma juyayi tsarin na earthworm ne sosai rikitarwa, saboda da ci gaba na duk irin annelids. Saboda haka, a kwatanta da sauran iri tsutsotsi, suna da wani kyau sosai kungiyar.