Sparrow gidan: description. Abin da ke bambanta da gidan sparrow daga filin?

House sparrow - shi ne ya fi shahara a duniya tsuntsu. Sparrow ne daya daga cikin wadanda 'yan jinsunan tsuntsaye cewa sun zama makawa mazauna yankunan karkara da birane tituna. Da alama cewa ba tare da wadannan nimble makwabta, za mu riga ya zama gundura da rai.

Sparrow gidan: description

Sparrow - kadan tsuntsu, da jikinta tsawon - game 15-17 cm, nauyi - 24-35 g, amma shi yana da karfi da jiki. The shugaban ne zagaye-dimbin yawa da kuma quite manyan. Baki na game da rabin santimita a tsawon, plump, conical siffar. Wutsiya kamar 5-6 cm, ƙafa - maza 1.5-2.5 cm a size da kuma nauyi na da yawa mace ..

Launi gashinsa sparrows da sparrows-girls-boys ne ma daban-daban. Same su babba jiki - launin ruwan kasa, da ƙananan part - haske launin toka da fari fuka-fuki tare da rawaya stripe, ayi fadin. A alama bambanci tsakanin maza da mãtã a cikin launi da kai, kuma nono. A boys, saman shugaban duhu launin toka, a kasa da idanu - haske launin toka launin gashi a fili rarrabe baki tabo a cikin wuyansa, kuma kirji. A 'yan mata, kai da wuya ne haske launin ruwan kasa.

Lafiyar Qasa gidan sparrow

Sparrows rayuwa kusa adam habitation, suka tashi zuwa yanzu lokaci, kusan a duk faɗin duniya, amma ya mai ban mamaki gida to waɗannan tsuntsaye ne dauke shi a wani babban bangare na Turai da kuma kudu maso yammacin Asiya.

House sparrow samu a garuruwa, fara daga yamma na Turai da kuma zuwa gaba na Bahar Okhotsk a arewacin Turai har zuwa cikin Arctic Coast, Siberia an kuma lugar da wadannan nimble kadan tsuntsaye. A mafi yawan Gabas da kuma Asiya ta tsakiya sparrow kawaici.

Tsuntsaye ne iya daidai daidaita da yanayi a wanda akwai. Wannan masu zama a gida da tsuntsaye kawai daga arewacin sanyi spots a kan sanyi hunturu lokaci ƙaura zuwa inda warmer kudu.

hanyar rayuwa

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, da gidan sparrow likes ka saukã kusa da mutãne, tsammãnin saboda wannan ne ake kira "da gidan." Gray tsuntsaye iya rayuwa a cikin nau'i-nau'i, amma wani lokacin da suka haifar da duka mazauna. Alal misali, lokacin da ciyar da yaushe tara a da manya manyan garkuna. Lokacin da ba ka da su zauna a kan qwai a yi sheƙarsu ko kajin, sparrows na dare shirya a bushes ko a kan rassan bishiyoyi.

A cikin iska, tsuntsu tasowa jirgin gudun 45 km / hour, tafiya a cikin ƙasa, kamar mafi sauran tsuntsaye, sparrow ba zai iya matsar da tsalle-tsalle. A kandami ba zai nutse kamar iyo, kuma ma mai kyau mai nutsa.

haifuwa

A cikin kiwo lokacin gidan sparrows kasu kashi nau'i-nau'i, namiji da mace, sa'an nan tare ci gaba da gina gidajen. Gina sheƙarsu a cikin crevices na Tsarin da gine-gine, a cikin hollows, burrows, a kan gangara na ravines, a cikin bushes da kuma rassan itatuwa. Gajeren gidan da aka yi da kananan twigs, busasshiyar ciyawa da rauno.

Cikin watan Afrilu, expectant uwa, da sparrow kayansa mãsu qwai a cikin gida ne daga 4 zuwa 10 qwai, kadan fari da launin ruwan kasa aibobi. Bayan kwanaki 14 bayan da ta mace ya zauna a kan qwai an haife m kajin. Domin hatched zuriya mamma kuma Dad duba bayan ɗaya, da yara ana ciyar a kan kwari. A makonni biyu da kajin tashi daga cikin gida.

tsawon rayuwar

Sparrows a cikin yanayi rayuwa tsawon isa, su rayuwa Hasashen - game 10-12 shekaru. Rubuce hali na longevity - a sparrow zo daga Denmark rayu kamar yadda shekaru 23 da haihuwa, ya sauran congener bit ya ba da aka gudanar har zuwa ya ashirin da ranar haihuwa.

Matsalar da waɗannan tsuntsaye ne cewa da yawa daga matasa tsuntsaye aka kashe, bai rayu har zuwa shekara guda. A mafi wuya lokaci ga matasa - hunturu. Idan sun gudanar da rayuwa har zuwa ya fara spring, sa'an nan suka yi damar shekaru. A wannan lokaci, game da 70% na matasa sparrow ba rayu har zuwa wani shekara.

abinci

Sparrow gidan zai iya sauƙi yi ba tare da ruwan da ake bukata domin zama na adadin danshi yana karɓa daga m berries. Ciyar da tsuntsaye kagaggun shuka abinci. Favorite abinci - da tsaba na hatsi da amfanin gona. Pereborchivy sparrow, ci wani abu da samun a rage cin abinci ya hada da ciyawa tsaba, itace buds, daban-daban berries. Vata kayayyakin daga bins, waɗannan tsuntsaye ba ji ƙyama, da suka kwarewa da shawara cewa wadannan baƙin ƙarfe kwalaye za ka iya samun mai yawa da dadi. Kwari a sparrow ta fall menu da wuya, kawai a lokacin da fledging kwari da tsutsotsi suna zama a kullum abinci, domin shi ne su iyaye tsuntsaye ciyar da su matasa. Kada ka manta sparrows kuma a kan yashi, yana da muhimmanci ga tsuntsu ta ventricle zuwa nike abinci. Idan yashi ne ba zai yiwu ba a samu riƙe, da kananan duwatsu amfani.

Subfamily sparrows real

By subfamily sparrows ne real gidan sparrow, snow finch, sparrow. Ina son jawo hankali ga snow finch, popularly kira snow sparrow. Wadannan tsuntsaye ne quite kyau, su ne m kuma ya fi girma gidaje. A saman snow finch launin toka-kasa-kasa, da kuma fari a kasa, baki da fari fuka-fuki. Idan ka tsayar da tsuntsu a guje, shi halitta bayyanar da fari tsuntsu tare da baki aibobi. Makogwaro finch namiji baki, ruwan toka a kā, dogon wutsiya ne fari da baki stripe, mikawa tare. Wannan irin sparrows kira "snow" saboda su kashe-fari plumage.

Field, da bambanci ga dusar ƙanƙara, da yawa kasa gidaje. Field Sparrow da gidaje (namiji) kama da kowane launi na ƙwanso da fuka-fuki, za su iya zama da sauƙi rarrabe a launi kai. Field congener Brownie "ado" a wani chestnut hula, wanda aka rabu da brownish baya Belenky kunkuntar abin wuya. A cikin fari kumatunta itace sparrow dasa ta baki tabo, da tabo a kan wuyansa quite kananan. Maza da mãtã da wannan jinsunan tsuntsaye "ado" a cikin wannan tufafin, su launi ne ba daban-daban.

Yaya gida da kuma filin sparrows saukã kusa da jama'a. Field, shi ya nuna da sunan, yawancin rayuwa a yankunan karkara, da kuma brownies, bi da bi, zuwa mafi girma har - birane mazauna. Birds garken kokarin zauna daga cikin fakitin, gauraye mazauna na biyu jinsuna ne sosai rare. White, baki, ruwan toka - bambanci tsakanin sparrows ne ba ma babban, tabbatattun sõyayya da abu daya - unguwa tare da mutum. Rayuwa ba tare da wadannan m tsuntsaye sun ba ko da ze bar mana su ba za su, don haka da cewa feathered unguwar mu samar da wani sosai tsawon lokaci.