Subduction - shi ... Definition, iri da kuma aiwatar da subduction

A ƙasa ne kullum a sassa daban daban na girgizar asa, volcanic eruptions. Akwai ƙungiyoyi na duniya surface, cewa wani mutum ma bai jin su. Wadannan gwagwarmayoyi ne m, ko da kuwa yankin, lokacin shekara. Girma da kuma ji ƙyama duwãtsu, girma da kuma bushe up teku. Wadannan matakai ne imperceptible ga mutum ido, kamar yadda ya auku sannu a hankali, millimeter da millimeter. Duk wannan shi ne saboda mamaki kamar yada kuma subduction.

subduction

To, abin da yake da shi? Subduction - a tectonic tsari na crustal motsi. A sakamakon da karo na faranti densest kankara cewa yin up kasa daga cikin teku, da motsi haske a karkashin kankara na nahiyoyi da kuma tsibiran. A wannan gaba, wani m adadin kuzari da aka saki - wannan shi ne wata girgizar kasa. Part sawmills, ɗora Kwatancen zuwa mafi girma zurfi, ta maida martani tare da magma fara narke, sa'an nan spills fitar da uwa da surface ta hanyar volcanic vents. Saboda haka akwai ~ arkewar volcanoes.

Subduction na lithospheric faranti - wani ɓangare na rayuwa a duniya. Shi ne kawai kamar yadda muhimmanci kamar yadda numfashi ga mutum. Don dakatar da wannan tsari ne ba zai yiwu ba, a kalla saboda irin ƙungiyoyi da yawa da mutane mutu a kowace shekara.

subduction

A mafi m crustal faranti suna located a cikin tekuna. Subduction - wani sabon abu da ya auku linearly. A subduction zone ware biyu farantin baki - shi ne saman, ko manyan, kuma submersible kasa. Kawai a lokacin da hulda auku eruptions da girgizar kasa. A mafi yawan aiki subduction - a girgizar kasa mai da hankali zone. A wannan yanki akwai mafi zurfin-mayar da hankali girgizar kasa. Domin girgizar kasa data kafa da cewa taro na girgizar kasa da aka located zurfi wuriyar wajen nahiyar.

subduction ci gaba da sanya idanu a kan seismotomographic profile. Akwai fili bayyane iyakokin da manya da ƙananan alkyabba. A babban zurfin, inda subducting farantin, da raurawar asa ba faru, saboda farantin a zurfin zama ruwa (melted). Haka kuma, shi ba ya bada wani tura, a cikin abin da makamashi fitarwa. Subduction - shi ne mai jinkirin aiwatar. Its gudun aka auna a santimita a kowace shekara. M ta kudi na biyu zuwa takwas santimita a kowace shekara.

Continental subduction kuma karo

Active farantin iyakoki ya kasu kashi biyu iri - subduction kuma karo. A farko mafi m - game da arba'in da biyar kilomita dubu. Na biyu short - dubu goma sha biyu kilomita. Kamar yadda muka riga tattauna, collisions yafaru tsakanin biyu faranti - Oceanic da kuma nahiyar. Amma akwai arangama tsakanin teku da biyu nahiyar faranti. Idan na farko collisions kai ga girgizar asa da kuma eruptions, da karo na nahiyar faranti aiki daban. Da yawa daga cikin duniya ta ɓawon burodi a kan ƙasa ne m fiye da a teku bene, saboda haka ba za su iya ba tafi zurfi a cikin ƙasa. Continental faranti a karo superimposed da kuma rauni a kan juna, wannan take kaiwa ga samuwar duwatsu. Mafi shahara misali na wadannan duwatsu - Himalayas.

Me ya sa ba a kudi na subduction lãlãce teku?

A subduction daga cikin teku bene shanku ƙarƙashin sushi farantin. A babban zurfin wannan bangare ya narke kuma ya zo daga ta hanyar volcanoes. Me tẽkuna aka ba su rasa daga duniya? Wannan shi ne saboda yada. Yada - shi ne mai tsari, da su kafa wata sabuwar, matasa teku ɓawon burodi. An kafa daidaita a size zuwa cewa tunawa saboda subduction. A subduction zones ma kullum ya unsa accretion - damar da bawo nahiyar. Saboda haka, saboda manyan sikelin- subsidence na Oceanic kasa da kuma ta narke, gina sabon ɓawon burodi teku da ƙasa, ya bace daga Duniya ta zamanin da teku - da Tethys. Daga shi akwai kawai kududdufai, mu na zamani tekuna: Rum, Tekun Azov, da Caspian da kuma Black. Recent karatu sun nuna cewa a cikin ƙasa na Pacific Ocean akwai matakai kamar irin waɗanda da ya kai ga mutuwa na Tethys.

A mafi shahara da kuma manyan sikelin-uwa da kuma subduction zones mika tare da Japan tsibirin, da Kuril, Kamchatka, iyakar Arewa da Kudancin nahiyar Amirka, da Aleutian Islands, a cikin Caribbean, New Zealand da kuma Kudu Sandwich Islands.

Nau'in subduction zones

subduction zones suna classified bisa ga tsarin. Nau'in subduction zuwa kashi hudu main.

• Andean irin. Wannan irin shi ne halayyar da Pacific Coast zuwa gabas. Wannan yanki, wanda aka kawai kafa na matasa ɓawon burodi na teku bene a wani kwana arba'in da digiri a babban gudun zo karkashin nahiyar farantin.
• Sunda irin. Wannan sashi an located in wani wuri inda zamanin d m teku lithosphere shanku ƙarƙashin ɓangaren duniya. Ta bar a wani m kwana. Yawancin lokaci, wannan farantin da ke karkashin Continental, da farfajiya wadda shi ne mafi kasa da teku matakin.
• Marian irin. Wannan sashi an kafa ta hulda da rabo biyu daga cikin Oceanic lithosphere ko subduction.
• Japan irin. Wannan irin zone, inda gabatarwa teku lithosphere ƙarƙashin tsibirin baka ensialic.

Dukkan wadannan hudu iri conventionally rarraba a cikin ƙungiyõyi biyu:

• Gabas Pacific (Andean daya kawai irin aka hada a cikin wannan kungiyar Wannan kungiyar halin da manyan gefe nahiyar.).
• West Pacific (akwai duk wasu iri uku. Wannan kungiyar ne halin da rataye gefen volcanic tsibirin arcs).

Domin kowane irin, akwai wani tsari a cikinsa subduction hankula asali Tsarin cewa dole wanzu a daban-daban bambancin.

Forearc gangara da kuma zurfin teku wuriyar

Gutter zurfin wuriyar halin da nisa daga cibiyar to gefen volcanic. Wannan nesa ne da gaske ɗaya da ɗari - ɗari da hamsin kilomita, shi ne alaka da kwana a wadda karkata subduction. A cikin mafi yawan aiki da yankunan nahiyar gefe ne nesa iya zama har zuwa ɗari uku da hamsin kilomita.

Arcing gangara kunshi biyu sansanonin - baranda da kuma prisms. Prism - a downhill gangara, shi ne fasali da kuma ƙwayoyi irin tsarin. Kasa iyaka da babban gangara, wadda ta zo a cikin surface, taba da kuma hulda da hazo. A Prism aka kafa ta layering kasa sediments. Wadannan sediments aka superimposed a kan Oceanic ɓawon burodi da kuma tare da shi tafi a karkashin gangara ta game da arba'in kilomita. Kamar wancan kafa Prism.

A fannin tsakanin Prism da volcanic gaban karya da Great Escarpment. Bencina rabu baranda. A lebur yankunan da baranda suna located sedimentation daruna, suna ajiyar volcanic sediments da pelagic. A wurare masu zafi yankunan kan baranda daga wadannan reefs iya ci gaba, za a iya dage farawa danda crystalline ginshiki kankara ko waje raka'a.

Volcanic baka - menene wannan?

A cikin wannan labarin, da kalmar ake magana a wani tsibirin, ko wani volcanic baka. Ka yi la'akari da abin da shi ne. Tectonically aiki zone, wanda ya yi daidai da yankunan da mafi manyan-sikelin da raurawar asa, kira a matsayin volcanic tsibirin baka. Ya ƙunshi wani mai lankwasa baka-dimbin yawa, sarƙoƙi a halin yanzu aiki stratovolcanoes. Domin irin wannan volcanic shigowa halin fashewar. Wannan shi ne saboda da manyan adadin ruwa a magma na tsibirin. Arcs iya zama biyu ko sau uku, musamman tsari - bifurcated baka. A curvature daga kowane baka ne daban-daban.

waha m

Wannan kalma tana nufin m, ko da wani yawan irin daruna. Su Semi-kewaye da kafa tsakanin babban yankin da kuma tsibirin baka. Irin wannan depressions aka kafa saboda gaskiyar cewa nahiyar ta kasance an tsage ko rabu da shi a babban yanki. Yawancin lokaci a cikin irin wannan wuraren waha kafa matasa Oceanic ɓawon burodi. Wannan tsari shi ne samuwar ɓawon burodi a cikin wuraren waha kira baya-baka yada. Bering Sea - shi ne daya daga cikin iri na kududdufai, shi ne masu garu kashe. babu sabuwar shaida a 'yan shekarun da cewa wani wuri a can ne rifting, shi ne yawanci sakamakon ya nuna gaskiyar cewa subduction juyar ko sharply tsalle zuwa wani wurin daban.