Ta yaya tsuntsaye suke motsawa? Matsayin nauyin duniya cikin yanayi

Earthworm (Lat. Lumbricidae) nasa ne a aji na kwaro da earthworm suborder (Haplotaxida). Jikinsa ya ƙunshi sassaƙa na zobe, yawanta zai iya isa 320! Wadannan dabbobi suna tasowa a duk sassan duniya. Babu kawai su a Antarctica. Sau da yawa sosai yara ne sha'awar yadda za a motsa earthworm. A cikin wannan labarin zamu tattauna wannan batu, kuma a lokaci guda koyi game da bayyanar su, hanyar rayuwa da hanyar haifuwa.

Hanyar rayuwa na earthworms

Idan ka yi tafiya cikin gonar ko gonar da safe ko bayan ruwan sama, to, a matsayin mai mulkin, za ka iya gani a kan ƙasa kananan ganga na ƙasa wanda tsutsotsi ya tsai, kuma a cikin puddles zaka iya ganin su. Saboda gaskiyar cewa wadannan mutane suna hawa zuwa ƙasa bayan ruwan sama, irin wannan suna biye da su. Earthworm (photo, sama, ya nuna wannan invertebrate) kuma jan ciki a kan duniya ta surface da dare. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ya fi son ƙasa mai arzikin humus, don haka yana da wuya a samo shi a sandstones. Ba ya son kasa da kasa da kasa. Wadannan siffofin suna bayyana ta halaye na likitanci na Lumbricidae. Gaskiyar ita ce, tsutsotsi suna numfashi duk jikinsu, wanda aka rufe da mucous epidermis. Yawancin iska an narkar da shi a cikin ƙasa mai dadi da danshi. A sakamakon haka, mai turɓayar ƙasa ta shafe a can. A hanyar, wannan ya bayyana halinsa a lokacin ruwan sama. Rashin ƙasa yana da cutarwa ga wakilan Haplotaxida: fatar jikin su ya bushe kuma numfashin ya tsaya. A cikin rigar da dumi weather earthworms (hoton da ke ƙasa ya nuna Lumbricidae a cikin "daukaka") suna kasancewa kusa da ƙasa. Tare da ragewa a cikin zafin jiki, har ma da farkon lokacin busassun, sun shiga cikin zurfin launi na ƙasa.

bayyanar earthworm

Adult men reach 30 centimeters tsawo, ko da yake akwai samfurin mutum na girman girma. Jiki na earthworm ne m, mai santsi, yana da siffar cylindrical, ya ƙunshi sassan - zoben ƙira. Irin wannan tsarin mulki ya bayyana ta hanyar rayuwar Lumbricidae: tsarin irin wannan yana taimakawa tsarin motsi cikin ƙasa. Yawan adadin ƙwanƙwan ƙira ya kai ɗari biyu. Jigon jiki, wanda za'a iya kiran shi da baya, isar, kwakwalwa - lebur da wuta. A jikin jiki na duniya, inda aka kammala ƙarshensa, akwai mai ɗauka, wanda ake kira girket. A ciki akwai gland na musamman da ke ɓoye ruwa. A yayin da aka karu daga gwanin, an gina kwai kwai, ƙwai yana bunkasa a ciki.

Ta yaya tsuntsaye suke motsawa?

Wakilan Haplotaxida creep. Da farko sun shimfiɗa gaban ƙarshen jikinsu da kuma jingina ga ƙananan bristles da suke a gefen sutura na zobba, saboda rashin daidaito daga ƙasa. Bayan da cewa akwai da ƙanƙancewa na tsokoki da kuma mayar da sashi na jiki ne ja gaba. Rashin motsi na tsutsa a cikin ƙasa yana nuna cewa yana da hanyar shiga ƙasa. A lokaci guda, tare da nuna ƙarshen jiki, sai ya yada ƙasa, sa'an nan kuma squeezes tsakanin barbashi. Har ila yau yana da ban sha'awa game da yadda tururuwan ƙasa ke motsa a cikin layer denser. A lokacin motsi, suna haɗiye ƙasa kuma suna wuce ta cikin hanji. Ƙasar tsutsotsi, a matsayin mai mulkin, an haɗiye shi a zurfin zurfin, amma an jefa shi ta hanyar anus da ke sama, kusa da ninkin kansa. Ana iya lura da shi a lokacin rani akan farfajiya na duniya a cikin nau'i na lumps da elangated "laces".

Earthworm da kuma ilmin halitta

Tsutsotsi suna da fasaha mai kyau, wanda wannan hanyar motsi ya yiwu. Su tsokoki suna ƙarƙashin epidermis, a gaskiya, suna tare da fatar jikin wani nau'i na fata. Musculature yana cikin layuka guda biyu. A bayyane a karkashin epidermis ne tsokoki na annular, kuma a ƙarƙashin su - na biyu, shimfiɗar kwanciya mai zurfi (yana kunshe da ƙananan igiyoyi). Lokacin da tsokoki na wucin gadi kwangila, jiki na tudun ya fara girma kuma ya fi guntu. Lokacin da ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙwayar zobe, a akasin wannan, yana da tsawo da kuma bakin ciki. Ƙarƙashin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar tsokoki, an yi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar tsarin jiki wanda rassan cikin jikin tsoka, kuma yana sa motsi na Lumbricidae.

Yunkurin tsutsotsi yana da matukar damuwa ta wurin kasancewar karamin abu a kan ƙananan jiki. Za a ji su idan kun riƙe yatsan yatsa a ciki na kututture daga baya zuwa ƙarshen karshen. Saboda wadannan bristles, earthworms ba kawai motsa a cikin ƙasa, amma kuma "grab" don ƙasa a lõkacin da suke ja. Har ila yau, suna taimakawa wajen tasowa da kuma faɗuwa a kan darussa. A kan wannan, za mu ƙare tare da tambaya game da yadda tsire-tsire-tsire suke motsawa, kuma su juya zuwa abubuwan da suka dace game da rayuwar Lumbricidae.

Tsarin sigina

Tsarin tsaftace jiki na earthworms yana kunshe da jiragen ruwa guda biyu - kwakwalwa da dorsal, da kuma rassan da ke haɗa su. Dangane da murƙushewar murfin ganuwar, jini yana gudana cikin jiki. Jinin Sikakin Wuta. Tare da taimakonsa, an kafa hanyar haɗi tsakanin gabobin ciki, kuma ana aiwatar da matakan amba. Ta hanyar rarrabawa, jini yana ɗauke da mahalli mai gina jiki daga kwayoyin narkewa, da oxygen daga fata. A lokaci guda an cire carbon dioxide daga kyallen takarda. Bugu da ƙari, jinin yana kawar da magungunan marasa amfani da cutarwa a jikin ɓoye.

Gina na gina jiki

Dalilin abinci na wakilai na Haplotaxida shi ne tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire. A matsayin mai mulkin, da dare, earthworms ja ganye, mai tushe da sauransu a cikin ramukan. Bugu da ƙari, za su iya wucewa ta hankalinsu mai arziki a cikin ƙasa humus.

Earthworm irritation

Special ji gabobin earthworm ba. Hatsoyin da suka gani ta hanyar tsarin jin tsoro. Tsutsotsi suna da karfi da taɓawa. Kwayoyin jikina da ke da alhakin wannan ana samuwa a duk faɗin fata. Halin da ake ciki a cikin ƙasa yana da girma sosai cewa sauƙi mafi sauƙi na kasar gona ya sa sun ɓoye a cikin burrows ko a cikin zurfin launi na duniya tare da iyakar yiwuwar sauri. Duk da haka, darajar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar jiki ba ta iyakance kawai ta hanyar maɓallin taɓawa ba. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa tare da taimakon wadannan kwayoyin, tsuntsaye zasu iya ganin hasken hasken. Don haka, idan katako mai tsutsawa da dare don ya jagorar hasken haske, to, zai ɓuya cikin wuri mai lafiya.

Ana mayar da martani ga dabbobi zuwa duk wani motsa jiki wanda tsarin mai juyayi ya yi kira dashi. Yana da al'ada don rarrabe tsakanin tsaka-tsakin iri daban-daban. Sabili da haka, rage jiki na tarin ƙasa daga taɓa shi, da kuma motsi a karkashin hasken wuta, aikin tsaro ne. Wannan lamari ne mai kariya. Gwaje-gwaje na masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire zasu iya wari. Godiya ga jin wari, sun sami abinci.

Sake bugun

Tsuntsayen duniya suna haifar da jima'i, ko da yake sune magunguna ne. Kowane wakilin Haplotaxida yana da gabobin namiji da ake kira gwaji (wanda spermatozoa ke ci gaba), da gabobin mata da ake kira ovaries (a cikinsu an kafa kwayoyin kwai). Ƙunƙarar ƙasa tana shimfiɗa ƙuda a cikin wani slimy cocoon. An kafa shi daga wani abu da aka saki ta cikin bel. Sa'an nan kuma kararraki a cikin nau'i na kamara ya zubar da jiki da kwangila a iyakar. Ya kasance a cikin ƙasa har sai tsutsotsi masu tsutsotsi suka bar shi. Cocoon hidima don kare qwai daga dampness da sauran cutarwa.

Kuma me yasa muke bukatar tsutsotsi?

Wannan sashe zai zama da amfani ga wadanda suka yi tunanin cewa ana amfani da tururuwan ƙasa kawai don kama kifi. Hakika, mai masunta ba tare da su basu da komai ba tare da su a kogi ba, amma wannan bai dace ba daga wakilan Lumbricidae. Matsayin nauyin sararin samaniya a cikin yanayi yana da girma sosai cewa ba zai iya yiwuwa ya karba shi ba. Suna taimakawa wajen maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa. Bugu da kari, earthworms wadatar da ƙasa tare da m taki - humus. Su ma alama ce: idan kasar gona ta ƙunshi tsutsotsi masu yawa, yana nufin cewa yana da m.

Sanin fahimtar aikin Haplotaxida ya zo ga bil'adama ba da daɗewa ba. Duk da haka, har ma yanzu, yawancin manoma sun fi son amfani da takin mai magani, duk da cewa sun kashe dukan abubuwa masu rai. Yau, masana kimiyya sun sami madadin - vermicompost da biohumus. A gaskiya, wannan sigar sihiri ce ga duniya, saboda suna dauke da adadin phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, wato, waɗannan abubuwa masu muhimmanci ga tsire-tsire don cikewarsu.

Kammalawa

Earthworms sune mahimman hanyar sadarwa a cikin samar da ƙasa. Bari mu duba tsarin. A lokacin rani, rassan ya fadi daga bishiyoyi kuma ya rufe dukkan fuskar duniya. Nan da nan bayan haka, kasar gona kwayoyin dauki al'amarin kuma bazu ganye da takin mataki. Daga nan kuma tsutsotsi na tsutsa baton, wanda ke aiwatar da launi zuwa mataki na vermicompost. Saboda haka, takin mai magani mai daraja ya fada cikin ƙasa.