Tank "Challenger 2" bayanin irin zane, halaye, da kariya makamai, makamai

Challenger 2 ne na farko Birtaniya sojojin tank daga yakin duniya na biyu, wanda aka tsara, ci gaba da samar da tafin kafa dan kwangila Vickers Tsaro Systems. A tsarin da aka halitta da kuma samar a kamfanin ta biyu masana'antu, Barnbow (Leeds) da kuma Scottswood (Newcastle).

key Features

Cikin jiki da kuma sassa su ne bisa tsarin da wanda ya riga Challenger 1, wanda ya halartar fiye da 150 inganta da nufin kyautata AMINCI da maintainability (tank hotuna suna nuna daga baya a cikin wannan labarin). Tower "Challenger 2" tsiwirwirinsu wani sabon gaba daya zane. Wannan shi ne mafi kare sulke NATO, sanye take da wani inganta version na tilasta chobemskoy multilayer makamai. Tsarin na nukiliya, nazarin halittu da kuma sinadaran kariya NBC iya kare da duk aka sani barazanar, kuma shi ne na farko Birtaniya tank, wanda da ƙungiya daki za a iya mai tsanani da kuma sanyaya.

Babban makamai qunshi wani 120mm rifled gun L30, atomatik gun 7.62mm McDonnell Douglas helikofta Systems, wanda shi ne riga a sabis a cikin sojan Birtaniya da kuma aka saka a kan wani mechanized fama abin hawa GKN Tsaro Warrior, kuma 7,62 mm anti-aircraft na'ura gun. The wuta kula da tsarin ne mai dijital kwamfuta ne a Canada kamfanin da kuma CDC ne inganta version na model kafa da American M1A1 Abrams. Yana yana da m ga nan gaba fadada, kamar a haɗa zuwa fama bayanai kula da tsarin da kuma kewayawa kayan aikin. Crew "Challenger 2" ne 4, kuma ya fada nauyi ne 62,5 m. A tank ne su iya ci gaba da matsakaicin karauka gudun 56 km / h, kuma yana da ajiye na 250 km a kan hanya da kuma hanya 450 km.

model tarihi

Challenger 2 aikin ya hada da ci gaba da kuma samar da 386 babban yaƙi tankuna (MBT), 22 motocin ga horo direbobi, bawo laya 3 da cikakken kunshin na tafarkin goyon baya, ciki har da horo da kayan aiki da kuma kayayyakin gyara.

kamfanin "Vickers" shi ne babban dan kwangila. Kamfanin fara aiki a kan tanki a watan Nuwamba 1986 a matsayin mai zaman kansa kamfanin, kuma jim kadan bayan haka, a cikin watan Maris shekarar 1987 Birtaniya Ma'aikatar Tsaro ya ƙaddamar da farko samfurin. A watan Fabrairu 1988, da dan kwangila ƙaddamar da wani m shawara. A Disamba 1988 aka sanar da cewa VDS lashe miliyan 90 kwangila ga zanga-zanga lokaci, wanda dade har Satumba 1990 Satumba 30, 2002 kamfanin kammala da saye da Alvis Vickers. VDS ayyukan da aka garwaya da Alvis Vehicles Ltd. Don amfana daga al'adunmu da suna na biyu da kamfanonin, an yanke shawarar suna da sabon kamfanin Alvis Vickers Ltd. Yana aka baya samu ta Bae Systems ta samar da wani sabon Land Systems division, sõyayya Alvis da RO Tsaro.

A watan Yuni na shekarar 1991, Birtaniya gwamnatin ta yanke shawarar sayen Challenger 2 da kuma sanya wani tsari ga adadin 520 miliyan. Burtaniya ta 127 raka'a na VLT da kuma 13 horo tankuna. Production ya fara a shekara ta 1993, da kuma na farko kofe aka tsĩrar da a watan Yuli 1994. New Birtaniya tankuna da aka samar a kan VDS masana'antu a Leeds da kuma Newcastle. A samar da tsari ma hannu fiye da 250 subcontractors (a cikin t. H. harkokin waje). Daga gare su, Royal Ordnance (firamare da sakandare makamai) mafi muhimmanci, Blair Catton (waƙoƙi) da kuma GEC-Marconi (shiriya tsarin).

Birtaniya sulke da motocin bukatar kara zamani. A watan Yuli 1994, VDS ya samu wani tsari na samar da 259 fama da 9 horo inji, kazalika da horo da kuma tafarkin goyon baya. The kwangila darajar amounted zuwa miliyan 800 fam.

Zanga-zanga ISRD AMINCI da aka gudanar a watan Janairu 1999. Yana da ya faru daga Satumba zuwa Disamba 1998 kuma da hannu gwaji 12 MBT landfills Bovington da Lulworth Bindon. Da gwaje-gwaje sun nasara, watau. A. Tankuna ba kawai kosad da bukatun na abokin ciniki, amma kuma ta zarce su madaidaci.

A Janairu 1998, Royal Scots Dragoon Guards a Jamus, na farko na shida sulke regiments fara dauka a kan makamai CR2 da ya 38th a watan Yuni 1998. ba a ci gaba da kuma ta karshen 2000. Kowace daga cikin shida sulke regiments aka cikakken sanye take da MBT ta kunshin na tafarkin goyon baya. Last 386 tank "Challenger 2" da aka hukumance tsĩrar a wani bikin a Salsibury Bayyana Satumba 17, 2002.

Kunna zuwa na biyu kafa model gudummawar koyo - daga sauki bango Charts ga kwamfuta simulators Gunners. Har ila yau, na samar da horo da kuma kayan tallafi na Royal Engineers gyara sojoji zuwa taimaka a magance matsala, gwaji, gyara, k da kuma kula da tsarin yi.

Tura a cikin 6 regiments na Royal Armoured Corps a United Kingdom da kuma Jamus MBT "Challenger 2" ziyarci Bosnia da Kosovo, motsa jiki a Canada, Oman da kuma Poland. A lokacin da gwaje-gwaje da kuma darussan da suka yi ta zarce manufa AMINCI index. Birtaniya tankuna da aka hannu a cikin aiki "Iraqi Freedom."

A watan Yuli 2004, da UK ma'aikatar tsaro ta sanar da tsare-tsaren yanke 7 sulke squadrons (game da 100 raka'a) a cikin Maris 2007, da kuma hira da wani sulke bincike rajimanti. "Challenger 2E" model an ci gaba don fitarwa da kuma tsara don yin ayyuka a cikin matsananci yanayin. A tank aka gwada a baje a kasar Girka, Qatar da kuma Saudi Arabia.

sabon makamai

A farkon 2004 Bae Systems ya karbi kwangila wajen samar da wata 120-mm smoothbore gun. A karkashin sharuddan da kwangila, da tank "Challenger 2" dole ne a sanye take da Rheinmetall L55 gun, a kan yi amfani MBT "Damisa 2A6", da kuma a cikin Janairu 2006 ta fara gwaje-gwaje.

Ballistic kayan aiki bisa ga German 120mm L55, amma za a iya externally shige zuwa cikin sarari a baya sun shagaltar da L30. Yanzu makamai Stores rifled igwa shimfiɗar jariri, da ganga fastening matsa housings, gas kanti tsarin da kuma tare da jeri axis na gun gani axis. Bayan gwaji a Jamus a matsayin wani kayan aiki aka gwada a tsaye tsayarwa saka a kan shasi na MBT "jarumin" a tsakiyar shekarar 2005, kuma daga baya cewa wannan shekara, aka karshe hadedde cikin "Challenger 2". Wannan zamani yarda Birtaniya tankuna da aka yi amfani da 120-mm harsasai NATO misali. A tsaye da harbe-harben da gwaje-gwaje da aka gudanar a kan wani m kewayon dalilai makamai sokin projectiles na 120 mm Rheinmetall DM53 APFSDS da al'ada core. Suka nuna cewa DM53 harsasai yana da mafi alhẽri halaye fiye da na baya 120-mm tsautsayi uranium.

The Gulf War

"Challenger" da aka saya don sojan Birtaniya bayan da Shah na Iran da aka hambarar da tsari da aka katange. Yana da aka halitta a kan tushe na tanki, "jigo", amma shi ya kasance yawa sauri, mafi m da kuma kare, ko da yake fama da rashin wuta kula da tsarin. "Challenger" ya yarda zamanintar da sojan Birtaniya domin shekaru 10 a baya fiye da shirya. The inji aka tsara don hamada, amma ba su da wata damar tabbatar da kansu kafin Gulf War.

Kamfanin "Vickers" bai nuna duk tankuna, amma kawai na karshe rajimanti. "Challenger" da aka samar a jihar ROF ma'aikata a Leeds, wanda kafin sayar da kamfanonin da aka sake masa suna Royal Ordnance. Vickers sayo shi kafin wani tsari da aka sanya don samar da 7th rajimanti.

Sanye take da wani 120-mm gun L11 A5, da kawai rauni aya daga cikin "Challenger" shi ne ya wuta kula da tsarin, wanda aka kyautata zuwa Gulf War. Igwa zai iya karya 400 mm makamai da kuma halakar da wata Rasha tanki da farko hit. Kusan duk na sulke da motocin a Iraki da aka samar a Rasha, da kuma "Challenger" zai iya sauƙi jimre da shi. Tare da m iska goyon baya, tare da Larabci, Faransanci da kuma American masõya tankuna ba tare da matsala mai yawa kutsa cikin tsaro na Republican Guard. "Challenger" a lokacin aiki "Desert Storm", yafi amfani high-m squash kai tare da ƙara range, t. Don. Armoured kariya daga Iraqi inji bai sadu da Rasha matsayin, da kuma amfani da ƙarin iko, amma kasa dogon zangon makamai dã a banza.

Tower da kuma gidaje

The girma na tanki up 8,3h3,52h2,49 m tsawon tare da wani gun ne daidai 11,57 m Tank kulawa mai ƙungiya daga 4 persons: .. Kwamandan, sojan igwa, da direba da kuma Loader. Yana bayar da wani high, tasiri, maras tsayawa fama iyawa. shugaban wuri ne da dama da aka sanye take da 8 periscope tare da kara 1x da kuma 360 ° Viewing. Latsa jan button karkashin daya daga cikinsu take kaiwa zuwa hasumiyar motsi da kuma kafa dace matsayi. Sojan igwa zaune a gaban kuma a kasa da kwamandan da Loader a kan hagu. Sa Loader sanye take da wani periscope. A direban taksi ta ne a gaban tanki.

makamai

Babban makamai na "Challenger 2" - 120mm rifled tank gun L30 samar da wani rabo na Royal farilla Birtaniya Aerospace Ltd Company a Nottingham. L30 zane hada da wani Chrome shafi, samar da mai kauri da kuma m ciki surface. Yana bayar da karin gudu da kuma, sabili da haka, da iya shiga ikon na dako, mafi daidaito da kuma rage ganga lalacewa. Igwa tank sanya daga bakin karfe electroslag narkewa da thermal makaran casing. An bayar da wani tsarin axis jeri tare da na gani axis na gani da kuma sallama gas daga ganga. Hasumiyar za a iya juya su ta hanyar 360 °, da kuma a tsaye da harbe-harben iyaka ne daga -10 ° zuwa + 20 °.

A jerin ganewa da kuma lalata hari tsara don sauƙi na amfani da fama yanayi. Yana da babu daban-daban domin a tsaye da kuma motsi hari a lokacin da rana ko da dare. Sojan igwa ko kwamandan na sighting lamba aligns tare da dalili, danna kan button na Laser kewayon manemin, sa'an nan - a kan wuta button.

L30 gobara 120-mm ammonium. Ammonium ne 50 raka'a, da kuma iya hada makamai sokin projectiles da stabilizer da wani m tire (APFSDS), makamai sokin m (HESH) ko hayaki. A gun ne ma iya harbe-harben projectiles da core na tsautsayi uranium (du) da harbe-harben cajin Shestov. Da yawa daga cikin tsautsayi uranium ne game da 2.5 sau fi da cewa da karfe, wanda ya samar da wani babban shigar azzakari cikin farji ikon. Kuma du L30 wani bangare ne na "igwa-harsashi-cajin» laya 1. A tsarin kamar yadda laya 3, cikinsa da core na tsautsayi uranium ne mafi tsawon zuwa diamita rabo ƙara da iya shiga ikon. Ammonium tare da raba loading adana karkashin turret zobe a sulke tankuna.

gun da aka sarrafa da cikakken lantarki tsarin daga shiriya da karfafawa kamfanin GEC Marconi Radar kuma Tsaro Systems (Leicester). Tank "Challenger 2" sanye take da 7,62 mm m igwa McDonnell Douglas, wanda aka located a kan hagu cikin manyan gun. Cajin hagu m 7.62mm antiaircraft na'ura gun irin L37A2, saka a kan al'arshi.

A garesu na gaban hasumiyar da aka located 5 hayaki gurnati kamfanin Helio Mirror (Kent, UK). "Challenger 2" ne ma iya kafa wani hayaki allo da alura da man dizal a cikin shaye tsarin na engine.

A tank sanye take da wani misali soja data bas Soja Standard 1553. The wuta iko kwamfuta ne mai dijital sarrafa kwamfuta na'urar kwamfuta na'urorin Company (Ontario, Canada). Yana za a iya kara, misali, da bayanai tsarin da yaƙi, kewayawa da horo tsarin.

A 2004 Bae Systems ya karbi kwangila wajen samar da wata 120-mm smoothbore gun. Don wannan karshen, da Jamusanci kamfanin Rheinmetall L55 gun bayar samfurori, saita zuwa "Damisa 2A." daya kawai samfurin da aka shirya, wanda aka gwada a Janairu 2006 Tungsten DM53 nuna mafi inganci fiye da fara'a 3, duk da haka, domin ta aiwatar da bukatar canza tsarin "makami dako-cajin".

na'urori masu auna sigina

Gyro-stabilized gani kwamandan kuma shi ne abin koyi VS 580-10 kamfanin SFIM Industries (France). A babba naúrar VS 580, dauke da wani gyro stabilized panoramic da gannanku, kuma lantarki, da aka saka a kan rufin hasumiyar. Rangefinder Laser dangane nd: Yag da aka saka a cikin matsakaici taro a haɗa da babba rabo tare da ƙananan telescopic taro wanda hada da wani Tantancewar monitoring tsarin, manual iko, lantarki, da kuma tsarin karfafawa. Wurin samar da wani madauwari filin ra'ayi ba tare da ya juya kansa. duba kewayon gyara ne ± 35 °. A filin na view kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta ne daidai 3,2x 16,5 °, amma tare da kara 10,5h - 5 °.

A imager TOGS II na Pilkington Optronics (Glasgow, UK) bayar da dare hangen nesa. Yana amfani da Birtaniya TICM 2. The imager haska shigar ciki da sulke barbettes sama da igwa. Microcomputer kwampreso da kuma samar da sanyaya gas Silinda haska. A kan thermal image superimposed alamu na sighting lamba, da kuma tsarin matsayi bayanai. Thermal image tare da wata karuwa da 4 ko 11,5h nuni a na'urorin sojan igwa da kuma kwamandan, kazalika a kan su fuska ba tare da magnification.

Muna da babban sojan igwa gani kerarre da Pilkington Optronics. Yana ƙunshi jiki da wani dubawa tashar shugaban naúra da stabilized sighting madubi 4 Hz Laser kewayon manemin da kuma duba da monocular. Rangefinder tare da wani zango na 1,064 microns yana da wani fanni daga 200 m zuwa 10 km. Daidaiton ne ± 5 m zuwa 30 m, a bambanta. Maharbin kuma sanye take da reversible Tantancewar telescopic gaban L30 Nanoquest, saka coaxially da bindiga.

A direba ta wurin sanye take da wani m periscope Pilkington Optronics. Yana yana amfani da wani dare hangen nesa na'urar. Saboda wannan da dare da tank da yake iya kai gudu m ga rana, ba tare da yin amfani da wucin gadi lighting.

Sojan igwa da kuma imager haɗa zuwa wuta iko kwamfuta via wani data bas Soja Standard 1553.

"Challenger 2": wani tanki a yaƙi

Photo tank cikin ba a sama. ƙungiya kwamandan aiwatarda shigar a kan rufin panoramic gani a kan manufa da kuma latsa maɓalli, sakamakon a cikin juyawa daga cikin hasumiya, yayin da gangar jikin ba zai zama atomatik nuna a kan manufa. Sojan igwa daukan da gudanar da manufa hada da wani Laser rangefinder da wuta button ga samfurin harbi. A wannan lokaci, da tank kwamandan yana da ikon gane da kuma mayar da wurin zuwa na gaba manufa. Wadannan biyu dalilai da aka adana a wani dijital wuta iko kwamfuta. Bayan da harbi da kuma bugawa da farko manufa Kwamandan presses da button, da hasumiya da aka jawo da biyu burin da harbi ta atomatik. Godiya ga wannan hanya da tank da fama ya karu firepower yadda ya kamata da kuma sauri bugawa da manufa.

gwajin

"Challenger 2" da aka samu nasarar gwada a Birtaniya Army da kuma Royal Army of Oman. All aiki sigogi a t. H. Makami tsarin AMINCI da robustness da aka cimma. Features chobemskoy makamai da aka tabbatar a cikin shakka daga ta duba tare da zamani anti-tanki makamai. A gwajin da sakamakon shi ne cikakken aminci da hasumiya, da kuma ikon shiryar da makami saiti tsarin da kuma yin harbi.

drive

Tank "Challenger 2" sanye take da wani 12-Silinda dizal engine damar 1200 l. wani. na Perkins Engines (Shropshire, UK). Transmission - David Brown TN54 juna tare 6 gaba da biyu baya da giya. Speed tank kai 59 km / h da kuma talakawan kashe-hanya - 40 km / h. Running ajiye ne 450 km ta hanya da 250 km giciye-kasa.

aminci

The zane na tanki "Challenger 2" yana biya na musamman da hankali ga aminci da matukan jirgin da kuma survivability na na'ura. Hasumiyar sanye take da na biyu makamai chobemskoy tsara, wanda ya samar da karin jure shigar azzakari cikin farji na anti-tanki bawo. A tank aka kare daga kufan nukiliya, nazarin halittu da kuma makamai masu guba tare da taimakon located in turret NBC kariya tsarin da aka matsa tace iska. Lantarki ana kiyaye shi ta nukiliya electromagnetic bugun jini.

Movement of gun turret da kuma samar da wani lantarki maimakon na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa actuator. Wannan gusar da kasada dangantaka da katsewa na high matsa lamba hoses a cikin ƙungiya daki. Storage na harsasai da aka located kasa da hasumiya da cewa samar da kasa m fiye da a baya sashi.

Tank sanya a cikin stealth fasahar da cewa minimizes ta radar sa hannu.