Tarihi, musamman na Tianwan NPP

Matsalar makamashi amfani a duniya a yau shi ne sosai m. Non-sabunta albarkatu, wanda ake al'ada amfani da su samar da yawan jama'a da wutar lantarki, tilasta yawa gwamnatoci tunani game madadin makamashi kafofin. Duk da haka, da rashin ci gaban fasaha, da dama yanayin da Gwargwadon yanayin sa shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da makamashi na hasken rana, ruwa da iska ba a duk yankuna. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa ko da bayan da dama tsanani hatsarori da kuma ya karu jama'a shakka na "m zarra" nukiliya ikon har yanzu ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi alamar yankunan raya kasa.

Makamashin nukiliya ta kasar Sin

Atomic Energy na kasar Sin a cikin wani m yanayi a lokacin da aka wakilta talatin da shida reactors, shirya a goma sha huɗu nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke. Shirya ya gina wani talatin da daya ikon naúrar, goma sha biyu daga cikinsu akwai riga a aiwatar mataki na aikin.

Mai nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke (ciki har da Tianwan nukiliya ikon shuka, wanda shi ne daya daga cikin mafi abin dogara da kuma amintacce) suna located a bakin tekun. Wannan sarrafawa damar yin amfani da tẽku ruwa domin kai tsaye sanyaya. All dace site kusa da teku ruwa kafofin riga dage farawa daga gare ta kara gina sabon ikon raka'a.

A general, da aiki ci gaba da makamashin nukiliya a kasar Sin ne da nufin inganta muhalli halin da ake ciki a jihar. Hanzari girma tattalin arzikin da samar da ci ikon shuke-shuke, wanda emit mafi pollutants fiye da mai kyau-aiki shuka. A sakamakon haka, da iska a garuruwan da aka janaba, da kuma matsayin dukan cikin sharuddan muhalli halin da ake ciki bar yawa da za a so.

China hadin gwiwa, da kuma Rasha Federation a cikin filin da makamashin nukiliya

Mafi yawa daga cikin reactors a cikin ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar kasar Sin da aka ba gina ba tare da Rasha ta hannu. Babu togiya, da kuma gina Tianwan nukiliya ikon shuka (ikon shuka, ta hanyar, shi ne mafi girma abu na Rasha-China da hadin gwiwa). Promotion aka gudanar a matakai na Shirin zanen makamashi wurare, da ainihin yi raka'a, da wadata da na kayan gini, kayan aiki, yawan ma'aikata da kuma horar da gina Sin ma'aikata. The domin littafin na kamfanin "Rosatom" kammala ayyukan da kasar Sin, kasar Sin, bi da bi, kuma Qarfafa da kasancewar a cikin Rasha kasuwar: Eastern abokan ne kambun da hannun jari na "Yamal LNG" da "Sibur".

Location of nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke

Tianwan NPP (China) ake dake kusa da eponymous gari a kan gaba na Yellow Sea. The yan unguwa kira gari, located game da talatin kilomita daga birnin Lianyungang, karamin kama kifi kauye, a gaskiya, da birane gundumar kadan kasa da miliyan biyar mazaunan. A fannin Lianyungang - kawai bakwai da rabi murabba'in kilomita.

A hoto sama yana nuna ta da wuri daga cikin Tianwan nukiliya ikon shuka a kasar Sin taswira.

Chronology na aikin

Construction na nukiliya ikon shuka a kusa da "kama kifi kauye" Lianyungang fara (idan mun yi magana game da farkon na hadin gwiwa) a shekarar 1992. Sa'an nan tsakanin kamfanin aikin injiniya "Atomstroyexport" ne dan kwangila, da gwamnatoci na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin da Rasha Federation rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya a kan hadin kai. Wannan yarjejeniya ta tanadi da Shirin zanen na Tianwan nukiliya ikon shuka, da wadata da na zama dole kayan aiki da kuma kayan, shigarwa aiki, da gabatarwar nukiliya ikon shuka aiki da kuma horar da ma'aikata a nan gaba na aiki a cikin makamashi makaman.

A gaskiya, da ƙaddamar da farko naúrar na Tianwan ikon shuka ya faru a shekarar 2005. A shekara daga baya, kasar ikon cibiyar sadarwa a kasar Sin ya hada da wani sabon abu - da Tianwan NPP. A tarihin na aikin ya kawai ya fara. A farko biyu nukiliya ikon shuka naúrar izini a shekara ta 2007. The abu ya zuwa garanti na gaba shekaru biyu.

A 2010, kasar Sin Energy Corporation shiga wani sabon yarjejeniya da Rasha "Atomstroyexport". A wannan lokaci, da kwangila na ƙayyade yanayi na yi na uku da na hudu raka'a. Project ci gaban da aka kammala a shekarar 2012 na uku, da kuma a shekara ta 2013 a karo na hudu makamashi tubalan, shi alama farkon kauri kankare tushe. Ana sa ran cewa da uku da ta huɗu ikon raka'a na Tianwan nukiliya ikon shuka za a samu izini a shekara ta 2018.

Kungiyoyin cewa halarci a gina ikon shuke-shuke

A yi na makaman nukiliya ikon shuka ba kawai tsunduma a kamfanin aikin injiniya "Atomstroyexport". A ta mataki na farko raka'a na aikin da wadannan kamfanoni da kungiyoyi da suka sashi a Tianwan nukiliya ikon shuka:

• kimiyya management kwashe Kurchatov Institute.
• reactor tsarin raya a cikin gwaji zane "na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa" Ofishin;
• gabatarwar nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke a cikin aiki sarrafawa da janar dan kwangila - kamfanin "Atomtekhenergo".
• janar zanen buga St. Petersburg "AEP".
• Babban kayan aiki da aka sanya a kan "Izhora Tsire-tsire".
• tururi janareto kawota na'ura-gini shuka "ZiO-Podolsk".
• sarrafa kansa nukiliya ikon shuka kula da tsarin da aka saya daga Jamus damuwa Siemens.

A cikin duka, da ci gaba da kuma aiwatar da aikin shiga tsakani game da 150 da kamfanoni da kungiyoyi, a Bugu da kari, a yawan kayan aiki da aka kerarre da kamfanonin kasar Sin.

Shigar da makaman nukiliya ikon shuka a aiki

Nasara aiwatar da aikin da kuma dace commissioning na farko raka'a na domin sun zama alama taron domin kasar Sin ta makamashin nukiliya masana'antu, kazalika ga Rasha kwangilar, developers. pre-delivery aikin yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu da shugaban "Atomstroyexport" tare da Rasha gefen kuma Director JNPC (Jiangsu nukiliya ikon Corporation) tare da kasar Sin. Status Action Tianwan NPP (ga photo. Ƙasa) samu Agusta 16, 2007.

An muhimmanci alama

A yi na nukiliya ikon shuka amfani da mafi m a lokacin yanke shawara. An muhimmanci batun ga kungiyoyi da kamfanoni da hannu a cikin ci gaban da aikin ya tabbatar da AMINCI na Tianwan NPP. Don kwanan wata, da makamashi darajar ne daya daga cikin safest nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke a cikin duniya.

Don cimma wannan sakamakon ya yiwu godiya ga na musamman bayani, wanda shi ne wani muhimmin alama na nukiliya ikon shuka aikin. Gaskiyar cewa gina tashar da dama da ake kira tarkuna aza. Mazugi-dimbin yawa compartments an tsara su don tsaro da zuciyar. Saboda haka, a lokacin da wani zai yiwu hatsari zubi abubuwa na yi zane zai cika tarkuna cewa zai hana daga halakar dukan gini.

Bugu da ari, da tsare-tsaren hadin gwiwa tsakanin Sin da Rasha Federation

Nasara kammala wannan aiki tabbas zai ta Rasha kwangilar ci gaba na kasa da kasa hadin kai. A commissioning na hadin gwiwa da makaman da aka bayyana garesu a shekara ta 2007. A sabon alkawari azurta yanayin aikin raya kasa, da kuma yi commissioning na biyu-domin raka'a (na biyu da kuma na uku) aka sanya hannu kusan nan da nan bayan da sabis na garanti tsawon Tianwan NPP.

Shirya hadin gwiwa gina sauran ikon raka'a nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke a kasar Sin. Yana da aka shirya a saka a cikin aiki da takwas raka'a Tianwan nukiliya ikon shuka, amma lokaci na aikin har yanzu ba a sani ba. Har ila yau a cikin tattaunawa tattauna yiwuwar hadin gwiwa a gina wani iko shuka. Sabon wurin za a gina a birnin Harbin, a arewa maso gabashin kasar Sin.

Makamashin nukiliya tashoshin da aka gina a kan irin wannan aikin

A cikin zane na hadari nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke sha'awar jihohi da dama. A lokacin, gina ƙarin compartments tarkuna ne m bayani, amma wajen wani hadadden aikin zane da kuma gina makamashi wurare.

Bisa ga NPP-2006 aikin (ci gaba NPP-91, a kan abin da aka gina Tianwan NPP) samar da high tsaro da kuma AMINCI, a halin yanzu gina biyar nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke. Uku daga cikinsu suna located a cikin ƙasa na Rasha Federation:

• Baltic NPP a Kaliningrad yankin.
• Birnin Leningrad, NPP-2 a Sosnovy Bor, 68 km daga St. Petersburg.
• Novovoronezh NPP-2 a Voronezh.

The biyu sauran tashoshin a kan NPP-2006 aminci matsayin da ake gina a Belarus (Grodno yankin) da kuma India. A karshe nukiliya ikon shuka ba da cikakken daidai da daftarin.

A nan gaba da gina biyar mafi nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke:

• a Rasha - Seversk NPP a Tomsk yankin, Kursk NPP-2, Nizhny Novgorod NPP.
• kasashen waje - nukiliya ikon shuka a Turkey da kuma Bangladesh.

wani sabon ƙarni na nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke, na magance sakamakon m hatsarori. Musamman yarda da cewa ci gaba da kuma aiwatar da aikin a matsayin safest nukiliya ikon shuka ne Rasha Federation da aka tsunduma a duniya.