Amphioxus jijiyoyi: tsarin fasali

A kan m seabed kaiwa demersal salon, fari da kuma cream masu launin ko dan kadan pinkish translucent dabbobi kira Amphioxus. Su masu girma dabam - daga 5 zuwa 8 cm jiki aka mĩƙe laterally, da gaban karshen ta yada yanka, kuma shi ne bakinsa, firam da tentacles .. A na baya sashi na jiki yana da tsari na m wuka - Lancet. Irin wannan alama inconspicuous dabbobi kamanta Anatomy da kuma ilmin dabbobi karatu tsanani daya dalili: Amphioxus sami wata mahada tsakanin biyu manyan kungiyoyin dabbobi - kwaro da chordates.

A wannan labarin, za mu kwatanta tsarin Amphioxus tare da fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifi, kazalika da ba da amsa ga wadannan tambaya: abin da ke cikin jijiyoyi a Amphioxus? Rasha halitta A. O. Kovalevsky a 1860 ya tabbatar da cewa dabba yana misãlai ga vertabrate rike ãyõyin invertebrate kwayoyin.

wurare dabam dabam

Ka yi la'akari da tsarin da jijiyoyi na Amphioxus. Red ruwa, ba tare da wani pigment, motsa tare da ciki lakã, wanda aka kullum pulsating contractions saboda myoepithelial Layer coelom kogo. Sa'an nan da jini tare da wani wuce haddi na carbon dioxide samun shiga cikin kai na Amphioxus. A branchial tasoshin iskar gas musayar faruwa. Jijiya kwarara cikin na baya pharynx rabu, inda dama da hagu rabo daga cikin dorsal lakã. Amphioxus jiki gaba, na bayar da jini daga carotid jijiya exiting daga lakã. Cikin karami arterioles oxygen-arziki jini gudana zuwa ga dukkan gabobin na dabba. A venous ɓangare na tsarin fara cibiyar sadarwa hanji venules dauke da carbon dioxide. Daga cikin wadannan, da jini shiga jijiya podkishechnuyu.

Akwai aka kafa portal tsarin na hanta. Anatomically, shi ne located a karkashin hanji tube Amphioxus, saki a cikin wani cibiyar sadarwa na venules, wanda entwine bango na narkewa kamar tsarin. Its aiki ne don canja wurin tsarkake gubobi daga jini tare da wani babban abun ciki na carbon dioxide da kara a venous sinus. Bangarorin biyu na Amphioxus jiki aka aiko zuwa ga manyan (aka lakar) jijiya, sa'an nan Cuvier ducts.

Cuvier ducts

Wadannan jijiyoyinmu vertabrate farko segregate lancelet da kuma kafa a jamsin na Cardinal tasoshin. Sun ja ruwa na fita daga gaban da duwawunsu na dabba ta jiki. Cuvier ducts kai tsaye daga ƙarƙashinsu a cikin sinus venosus, wanda aka dauke farkon ciki lakã. Waɗannan kwanoni suna a fili da aka bayyana a amfrayo vertabrate da a post-amfrayo lokaci muhimmi cyclostomes (lamprey da hagfish), kazalika da kifi da kuma halittar dabba mai kafafuwa. Babbar kamance ne jijiyoyi na Amphioxus da cyclostomes, ko da yake karshen bayyana hakikanin zuciya, kunsha na atrial da kuma na ramin zuciya.

sinus venosus

Shi ne na farko da wani ɓangare na ciki lakã, kuma Amphioxus irin wannan tsarin ne rufaffiyar da'irar. Saboda haka, tsarin da jijiyoyi Amphioxus ya tabbatar da cewa jininsa wurare dabam dabam da aka rufe. A dabbobi masu shayarwa, da tsuntsaye da sauran vertabrate wannan ɓangare na hukuma da dangantaka da da dama atrium. Daga shi da venous ruwa shiga ventricle kuma a cikin huhu jijiya. Saboda haka ta fara da na huhu wurare dabam dabam a cikin kwayoyin ciwon hudu gidajen zuciya. A Amphioxus, kazalika da sauran wakilan golovohordovyh zuciya bace da kuma venous sinus gabatar unpaired jirgin ruwa a cikin abin da venous m zo daga hanta jannayẽnsa. Sa'an nan, ya shiga a cikin ciki lakã. Idan ka tuna da tsarin da jijiyoyi na Amphioxus da kuma fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifi, za ka ga cewa da canje-canje sun musamman na ciki lakã, wanda aka modified kifi a cikin biyu gidajen zuciya. Bugu da kari, da numfashi surface gills na fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifi kuma ya karu saboda da sashe capillary cibiyar sadarwa da gill jijiyoyi.

Gate tsarin hanta outgrowth

Amphioxus jijiyoyi, kazalika da sauran vertabrate anatomically da alaka da narkewa kamar gabobin. Narkewa kamar duk vertebrate dabbobi ne morphologically related, da kuma kayayyakin da dissimilation: glucose, amino acid - zo a cikin ta capillaries. Ci gaba da karatu da tsarin da jijiyoyi na Amphioxus, ya kara da cewa duk da ruwa daga dabba ta narkewa kamar inji shiga cikin hanta outgrowth. Hakazalika, hanta da kifi, halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da sauran vertabrate Amphioxus wannan jiki ya yi aikin aiki na detoxification, tsarkakewa da jini ya fito daga cikin hanjinsu daga lalata kayayyakin - metabolites. Yana nan shiga cikin sinus venosus. Add cewa zuwa hanta outgrowth na jini samun podkishechnoy jijiyoyinmu.

Ventral da dorsal lakã

Yana da wani babban jijiya jirgin ruwa. Idan ka tuna da tsarin da jijiyoyi na Amphioxus, za ka ga a kan nunin faifai cewa, a karkashin makogwaro na dabba ne na ciki lakã, daga abin da mika symmetrically guda biyu jijiya. Su reshe fita a partitions gill cavities. A dorsal lakã aka kafa a raya ƙarshen pharynx a sakamakon hadewar nadzhabernyh jijiyoyi. Anatomically, shi ne wani tsirkiya da kuma kara zuwa ga raya karshen na jiki Amphioxus, sashe a kan arteries da cewa ciyar da kayan ciki na dabba. A Amphioxus metabolites samu a cikin jini da aka tace ta hanyar musamman shambura kira protenefridiyami. Daga cikin na ciki lakã ga jiki rami - cikkaken - fit jijiya jirgin ruwa. Ya branched cikin capillary glomeruli. Ta hanyar da ganuwar, da jini tacewa da gubobi a narkar da tsari a protenefridii samu, sa'an nan a cikin mezonefralny bututu da kuma kara shiga cikin cloaca.

Sistem sakulasan ne sistem na Amphioxus da kuma fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifi

Ka yi la'akari da kamance da kuma bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin da zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin superclass Bony kifi da Golovohordovye irin abin da shi ne da mulkin lancelet. Duka kungiyoyin na dabbobi suna da guda wurare dabam dabam. Amma da zuciya na Amphioxus ba samuwa, da aiki daukan kan wani ɓangare na ciki lakã, wanda shi ne rage tare da kawo gill arteries da kuma sa jini ya kwarara. A kifi yana da zuciya, shi ne kamar a cyclostomes, biyu-jam'iyya (atrium da ventricle).

Da samuwar wannan jiki saboda da more aiki metabolism. Zuciya kifi dake kusa da Isthmus arcs karkashin ƙananan muƙamuƙi. Kamar yadda muka gani daga sama facts, tsarin da jijiyoyi na Amphioxus, tabbatar da sufuri da na oxygen da kuma gina jiki, shi ya bambanta daga abin da na fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifaye.

Features na jinin samar da gill na'ura

Idan ka tuna da tsarin da jijiyoyi na Amphioxus, kwatanta shi da fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifi, za ku sami bambance-bambance da cewa shãfi jinin samar da gill na'ura. A kan ƙananan gefe na pharynx located ciki lakã. Daga shi zuwa kowane biyu na gill arches fit arteries, wanda kawo venous jini. Rage yawan partitions a cikin gills (lancelet 150 nau'i-nau'i, kuma a cikin kifi 4 nau'i-nau'i) da aka bayyana ta ƙãra metabolism da kuma wani karuwa a total yankin na capillary cibiyar sadarwa a wakilan fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifaye. Lancelet iya saturate jininsa oxygen ba kawai ta hanyar da branchial jijiya tsarin, amma kuma kai tsaye gas yadawa ta hanyar fata na waje jini.

carotid jijiya

Idan ka kwatanta jini tsarin na Amphioxus da kuma fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifi, za ku sami bambance-bambance a kan kwanoni, ya kira carotid jijiyoyi. Su ne jijiya ja ruwa zuwa ƙarshen gaban na dabba ta jiki. A fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifi 4 nau'i-nau'i daga gill arteries daga ƙarƙashinsu a cikin dorsal lakã, tushen da wanda ake raba carotid jijiya. A Amphioxus da yawan gill jini yafi. Su samar da kwakwalwarmu tare da oxygen, wanda shi ne wani tsawo na na tsarin jijiya tube da kuma bambancin cikin sassan. Ya iko da reflex aiki na dabba. Samar da kwakwalwa neurons tare da oxygen da kuma gina jiki ya auku saboda sashe na carotid arteries a capillary tsarin. Kamar yadda aka zuwan kayayyakin - metabolites daure ta cikin jijiyoyinmu a venous sinus.

Wannan labarin da aka karatu da jijiyoyi da kuma siffofi da Amphioxus wurare dabam dabam a golovohordovyh.