Tarihin gilashin faceted. Wane ne ya ƙirƙira shi kuma yaushe?

Yana da matukar wuya a samu akalla iyali ɗaya a cikin fadin tsohon Soviet Union, wanda ba zai adana ma'aurata, ko ma fiye da su ba, na gilashin fage a cikin ɗakunan da suke dafa abinci. Wannan abu mai mahimmanci yana ɗaya daga alamomin wannan lokacin mai nisa. A halin yanzu, mafi yawan basu sake yin amfani da su ba, amma hannun baya tashi. A tarihin gilashin tumbler, wanda ƙirƙira lokacin - duk da wannan bayani da aka rufe a cikin asiri da kuma Legends. A cikin wannan labarin, zamu yi kokarin fahimtar wannan duka.

Fuskoki na bayyanar gilashin faceted

Yawan abubuwa da abubuwa na zamanin Soviet suna da labaran al'adu game da asalinsu. Ba kare shi ne a jam'iyyar da kuma sanannun faceted gilashi. Tarihin halittarsa an rushe shi a yawancin labaran. A nan ne kawai wasu daga cikin wadanda ke tafiya da bayyanarsa.

1. Kowane mutum yana da sunan gaskiya mai suna Vera Mukhina. Wannan shi ne babban masanin wanda ya tsara hoton "Ma'aikata da Tattara Farm Girl". Saboda haka, a cewar daya daga cikin labarun, ita ne wanda ya kirkiro gilashin faceted. Akwai wani ra'ayi cewa a cikin wannan mata ta ƙaunataccen mijinta, wanda yake so ya rasa gilashin wani abin sha.
2. Mutane da yawa sun yarda da labarun da masanin kimiyyar Soviet Nikolai Slavyanov ya yi amfani da hannunsa ga ƙaddamar da gilashin facet. Ya kasance mai kula da ma'adinai, sannan ya zama farfesa na ilimin geology. A cikin sassan abokansa da sanannunsa, an san shi ne saboda binciken da ya samu a fagen shinge na shinge da kuma ɗaukar simintin gyare-gyare tare da taimakon wutar lantarki. Yawancinsa ya danganci babban ci gaba na masana'antu na zamani a zamanin Soviet.Da farko Slavyanov yayi shawarar yin gilashi da aka yi da karfe, kuma bambance-bambancen sun ƙunshi samfurori na samfurori da nau'i 10, 20 da 30. A lokacin ne Mukhina ya ba da shawarar samar da irin wannan gilashi a siffar gilashi.
3. Wani labari ya bayyana inda gilashin ya fito. Tarihin halittarsa an haɗa shi da lokacin Bitrus mai girma. Ɗaya daga cikin masanin magudi na Vladimir, Yefim Smolin, wanda aka gabatar a matsayin kyauta ga wannan gilashi da tabbacin cewa yana da wuya a karya shi. Bitrus ya sha ruwan inabin kuma ya jefa shi ƙasa, ya ce: "Ina da gilashi." Amma, da rashin alheri, gilashin ya karya. Duk da haka, mai mulki bai nuna fushinsa ba. Tun daga wannan lokacin, akwai al'adar da za ta buge kishir din a lokacin cin abinci.

A ina ne kalmar "gilashin" ta fito daga?

Ba wai kawai tarihin gilashin facet din ba ne kawai ba daidai ba kuma sabawa, amma ainihin sunan na da ra'ayoyin da yawa game da asali.

Daga bayanan tarihi an san cewa a cikin karni na 17 an yi jita-jita daga kananan shimfidu, an haɗa ta da zobba, kuma an kira shi "aka tsallake". Mutane da yawa suna tunanin cewa an yi amfani da gilashin faceted don wannan kalma.

Bisa ga wata ma'anar, kalma tana da asalin harshen Turkiki, a cikin wannan harshe akwai kalmomi irin su "dastarkhan", ma'anar teburin abinci, da "abin yabo" - kofin. Daga haɗin waɗannan kalmomi biyu, sunan gilashi ya bayyana, wanda aka yi amfani dasu.

Gilashin Soviet na Farko

Tarihin gilashin farar a Rasha ya fara ne a 1943, lokacin da wakilin farko na gilashin sojoji ya bar rukunin gilashin gilashin Gus-Khrustalny. Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa wannan nau'i ba kawai zane ne kawai ba ne na mai zane, amma wata bukata.

Ya bayyana cewa ko da a cikin waɗannan lokutan da aka fara samarda kayan farko, wanda zai iya yin aikinsu kawai idan aka yi amfani da kayan aiki na wani nau'i da girman su. Don haka dole mu samar da gilashi da facets, ba kewaye da ganuwar ba.

Harshen "baƙo" a Rasha

Bisa ga takardar shaidar tarihi, a cikin 1943, ba farkon wakilin gilashin facet ya fito daga cikin ginin gine-gine a Gus-Khrustalny, amma an sake sabunta tsohon. Tarihin gilashin faceted (fuskoki 16) tana ikirarin cewa ya bayyana a lokaci mai tsawo.

Sun ƙirƙira wannan sashin ba a cikin kungiyar ta USSR ba, har ma a Rasha, a cikin karni na 17. Tabbatar da wannan shine abubuwan da aka ajiye a cikin Hermitage.

Tabbatar da tsufa na asalin tabarau da kuma ambaci a cikin rukunin soja na musamman, wadda Paul I ya buga a ƙarshen karni na 18. A wannan lokacin, masarautar na kokarin sake fasalin sojojin, wanda bai kasance da cikakken shiri ba, kuma ya umarci wani gilashin fage wanda ya ƙayyade ruwan inabi wanda ya dogara da sojoji a cikin sojojin.

Akwai ra'ayi cewa tarihi na gilashin faceted ba a haɗa shi da Rasha ba. Kyakkyawan tabbacin wannan shine hoton da Diego Velasquez ya kira "Breakfast".

A kan teburin zaka iya ganin gilashin faceted, kawai fuskoki ba a tsaye ba, amma dan kadan. Idan kayi la'akari da lokacin rubuta hoto, kuma a cikin 1617-1618, to, zaku iya amincewa da cewa gilashin faceted, tarihinsa ba nasaba da Rasha ba, amma ga kasashen waje.

Wannan hujja ta tabbatar da cewar hanyar da aka yi amfani da tabarau, wadda aka yi amfani da su a cikin USSR, an ƙirƙira shi ne kawai a 1820 - hanyar da za a fara. An fara yin amfani da wannan fasaha a tsakiyar karni na 19, kuma ya zo Rasha ne kawai a karni na 20.

Menene asiri na gilashi mai ƙarfi?

Gilashin faransa na Soviet ba wai kawai suna da kyau ba kuma basu jawo hannu ba, amma sun kasance masu karfi. An samo wannan ta hanyar haɓaka mai kyau na ganuwar, da kuma amfani da fasaha na musamman.

An dafa kayan haɓaka don yin gilashi don gilashin faceted a babban zazzabi a cikin kewayon 1400-1600 digiri, sa'an nan kuma aiwatar da gasa da faceting ta hanyar fasaha ta musamman aka gudanar. Akwai lokacin lokacin da aka hade gwanin zuwa cakuda masana'antu don kara ƙarfin, wanda aka saba amfani dashi a cikin yin jita-jita na crystal.

Gina gilashin faceted

A kamfanonin gilashi sun fara samar da tabarau daban-daban da kuma samun fuskoki daban-daban. Hakan zai iya bambanta daga 50 zuwa 250, kuma fuskoki daga 8 zuwa 14.

Labarin da aka kwatanta da gilashin faceted shine samfurin abu 250 da fuskoki 10. Tare da taimakonsa, zaka iya daidaita ma'auni na kayan adana da samfurori.

A cikin shekarun 80 a gine-gine na gilashi, kayan aikin sun fara maye gurbinsu tare da kayan shiga, wanda ya haifar da asarar halayen halayen gilashin faceted.

Gilashin, wanda har sai ya kasance mai matukar tsayayya, tsayayya da zafin jiki ya fadi da fadowa daga teburin, ya fara fadi a tarnaƙi. Wasu sun fadi daga kasa. Mai laifi shine cin zarafin fasaha.

Halaye na gilashin faceted

Duk da cewa yawancin bayanai game da wanda ya ƙirƙira gilashin faceted, tarihin da kuma bayyanar a Rasha ma sun sabawa, duk da haka alamu sun kasance daidai. Kuma sun bambanta da sauran irin kayan.

• Kusan diamita daga cikin mafi girma shine daga 7.2 zuwa 7.3 cm.
• Kwanan diamita daga ƙasa na gilashi yana da 5.5 cm.
• Girman kayan samfurin yana da 10.5 centimeters.
• Yawan fuskoki ne sau 16 ko 20.
• A saman gilashi wani gefen, wanda girmansa daga 1.4 zuwa 2.1 cm ne.

Gilashin kowane zamanin Soviet, wanda aka samar a gine-gine daban-daban, yana da irin waɗannan halaye.

Amfani da gilashin faceted a gaban sauran kayayyakin da aka kama

A cikin fadin tsohuwar Soviet Union, wani gilashin faɗin yana yadu, saboda godiyarta akan takwaransa.

1. Kada ka kintar da tebur, alal misali, a kan jirgin ruwan teku yayin da yake hawa da motsi akan raƙuman ruwa.
2. An bayyana fifitacen jama'a a wuraren da ake sarrafa gona a cikin ƙarfinsa.
3. Fans na shan barasa sun zabi wannan abu, domin tare da taimakonsa yana da sauƙin rarraba kwalban na uku. Idan ka zuba ruwa zuwa rim, to a cikin gilashin daya an sanya kashi na uku na rabin lita.
4. Gilashi ya kasance dindindin lokacin da ya sauka daga tsayi mai kyau. Wannan ƙarfin yana daidai ne da fuskokin fuska, wanda ya ba wannan dukiya don gilashi gilashi.

Yanayin zamani na gilashin faceted

Idan a lokacin Soviet wani gilashin faceted wani nau'i ne mai ban mamaki na kowane ɗayan abincin, yanzu ba sauki ba ne don samun irin wannan kayan kayan taya. Dukkanin za'a iya bayyanawa cewa yawancin masana'antun gilashi sun janye daga samar da waɗannan samfurori.

A ma'aikata a Gus-Khrustalnoye, inda, kamar yadda labarin gilashin faceted ya ce, an samar da wakilin farko na facet, wasu gilashi aka yi, wanda yake cikakke, wanda ba za'a iya fada game da facet ba. Masu wakiltar zamanin Soviet sun fito ne kawai a karkashin tsari.

Yanzu don wasu gilashin faceted wani lokaci ne don yin liyafa ga jama'a kuma ya zama sananne ga kanka. A shekara ta 2005, a lokacin bikin ranar garin na Izhevsk, an gina wani babban gine-ginen mita kusan mita 2.5 tare da gilashin faceted. Gilashin 2024 sun tafi irin wannan tsari. Ma'anar ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin abin da ke tattare da shi.

Bayani mai ban sha'awa game da gilashin faceted

Ko da kuwa tarihin gilashin da aka yanka a Rasha, an yi amfani da ita ba kawai don manufar da aka nufa ba. Mace daga tsofaffin makarantun sun sami shi a wasu lokatai aikace-aikace mafi ban sha'awa.

1. Mafi sanannun amfani shine yankan tare da shi na blanks don dumplings, pelmeni. Idan ana buƙatar girma mafi girma, to, an ɗauki babban gilashi, kuma idan ya cancanta, an yi amfani da kwakwalwa. Duk da cewa yanzu akwai wasu na'urori don sauƙaƙe wannan tsari, yawancin matan gida ba su daina yin amfani da gilashin tsofaffin abin dogara ga wannan.
2. Gilashin faceted a cikin gidan Soviet shine kayan kayan duniya don aunawa. A cikin tsofaffin wallafe-wallafen, an auna kayayyakin don shiri ba a cikin gira ba, amma a cikin tabarau.
3. Abin ban mamaki shine amfani da gilashin faceted a matsayin dehumidifier. An gani sau da yawa a cikin hunturu a tsaye tsakanin igiyoyi guda biyu. An zuba gishiri a cikin gilashi don windows ba su daskare ba. Yanzu ƙara sau da yawa a maimakon katako na katako akan akwatunan filastik ɗin mu na haske, saboda haka babu wani wuri don gilashin faceted.
4. Dachnikov ya dace ya yi amfani da tabarau na faceted don girma seedlings. Suna duba mafi kyau, kada ka bar datti bayan kansu, ba kamar kofuna na peat ba.
5. Gilashin za a iya amfani dasu don nuna abin mamaki: Idan kun zuba ruwa a ciki kuma ku sanya teaspoon, to alama yana karya.

Wannan amfani da tabarau an yi a zamanin Soviet, kodayake wasu tsare-tsaren aikace-aikacen sun kiyaye har yanzu, kuma babu wanda ke tunani game da wanda ya kirkiro gilashin fagen. A yau kayan cin abinci na yau da kullum na yaudarar kan wajajen, wanda ya fi dacewa idan aka kwatanta da gilashin faceted, amma yawancin matan gidaje, idan akwai irin wannan damuwa a cikin ɗakunan ajiyarsu, kada ku yi gudu don kawar da shi.

Facts game da gilashi

Akwai wasu bayanai da suke hade da gilashin faceted. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:

1. Kudin irin wannan jita-jita ya dogara akan yawan fuskoki. A gilashi da fuskoki 10 kudin 3 kopecks, da kuma tare da 16 facets - 7 kopecks. Ƙarar ba ta dogara ne akan adadin fuskoki ba, ko da yaushe ya kasance canzawa-250 ml.
2. Rashin giya a Moldova yana hade da gilashin faceted. Bayanan tarihi sun ba da zarafi su koyi cewa kafin 'yanci na Nazi na kasar Soviet sun sha daga kananan gilashi 50, kuma mutanen Rasha sun kawo gilashin faceted (250 ml).
3. Gilashin faransa na Soviet a cikin mutane da ake kira "Malenkov". Ministan tsaron Malenkov ya ba da umurni, bisa ga abin da aka bai wa mai ba da sabis na vodka 200 ml. Ko da yake wannan mulkin ba ya daɗe, mutane da yawa sun tuna da shi.

A nan ne kawai wasu hujjojin da aka haɗa da gilashin faceted.

Bukin gilashin faceted

Mun bincika dalla-dalla kuma muka tuna game da gilashin faceted (tarihin, da yawa fuskoki), amma ya bayyana cewa wannan abu yana da hutu na kansa.

An yi bikin kowace shekara a ranar 11 ga Satumba. An zabi wannan ranar saboda kyakkyawan dalili, a yau a ginin gine-gine a Gus-Khrustal ya fara samar da kayan aikin wadannan abubuwa na jita-jita. Wannan kwanciyar rana ba'a dauka matsayin jami'a ba, maimakon haka, hutu na kasa, don haka an hade shi da al'adar da ba ta da kyau.

Mutanen Rasha basu damu ba don neman uzuri don shakatawa akan gilashin giya, amma a nan, kamar yadda ake samu, irin wannan biki, kawai zunubi ne da ba zai sha ba. Wannan shine abin da za ku iya sa ran daga irin wannan bikin.

• Daga gilashin faceted wajibi ne a sha kawai vodka, wasu abubuwan shan giya ba su hade da wannan kayan aiki.
• Ba za ku sha kadai ba, amma dole a cikin kamfanin, saboda yana da gilashin faceted cewa an haɗa kalmar "tunani don uku".
• Daya daga cikin hadisai na wannan biki shi ne warwarewa "jarumi" na bikin jima'i.
• Zai zama kyau a tuna cewa daga gilashin faceted, shayi, jelly, compote da ruwa su ne kwarai. Kowane mutum yana tunawa da irin waɗannan gilashin a cikin masu riƙe da kofin a motocin motar.

Za mu iya cewa alamar daidaito za a iya sanya tsakanin ra'ayoyi na "gilashin faceted", "tarihin kasarmu". Wadannan ra'ayoyin biyu suna da alaka da juna. Ina son in ba da lambar kyautar Nobel ga irin wannan ƙirar, kuma kada in sanya shi wata alama ta har abada a duk bukukuwan ba.